Community & Public Health Nursing Promoting the Public's Health 8th ed by Allender , Judith - Test Bank Instant Download - Complete Test Bank With Answers Sample Questions Are Posted Below 1. Which of the following statements about competent communities are accurate? Select all that apply. A) A competent …
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Community & Public Health Nursing Promoting the Public’s Health 8th ed by Allender , Judith – Test Bank
Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | Which of the following statements about competent communities are accurate? Select all that apply. | |
| A) | A competent community is able to collaborate effectively identifying community needs and problems. | |
| B) | A competent community is able to achieve a working consensus on goals and priorities. | |
| C) | A competent community is able to agree on ways and means to implement the agreed-upon goals. | |
| D) | A competent community has no problems. | |
| E) | A competent community is able to collaborate effectively to take the required actions. | |
| Ans: | A, B, C, E | |
| Feedback: | ||
| A competent community is able to collaborate effectively identifying community needs and problems. A competent community is able to achieve a working consensus on goals and priorities. A competent community is able to agree on ways and means to implement the agreed-upon goals. A competent community is able to collaborate effectively to take the required actions. All communities have problems. | ||
| 2. | Which of the following are overarching goals for the health of the nation presented in Healthy People 2020? Select all that apply. | |
| A) | To attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death | |
| B) | To achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups | |
| C) | To create social and physical environments that promote good health for all | |
| D) | To promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages | |
| E) | Healthy People 2020 does not address the health of the nation but does address the health of individuals. | |
| Ans: | A, B, C, D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The four overarching goals for the health of the nation are the following:
To attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death To achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups To create social and physical environments that promote good health for all To promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages |
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| 3. | When the nursing student identifies the three dimensions of the health of a community, the nurse educator is aware that the student has grasped which of the following concepts? | |
| A) | Status/people, structure, and process | |
| B) | Assessment, policy development, and assurance | |
| C) | Primary, secondary, and tertiary | |
| D) | Function, structure, and process | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The three dimensions of the health of the community are status/people, structure, and process. Assessment, policy development, and assurance are the three core public health functions. Primary, secondary, and tertiary are the levels of prevention. Function, structure, and process are the descriptions of Human Anatomy and Physiology. | ||
| 4. | A community health nurse is working as part of a health planning team to determine the needs of pregnant teenagers in the community. Which of the following population variables would be important to assess? Select all that apply. | |
| A) | Rate of growth or decline among those in need | |
| B) | Health needs and practices of subculture groups | |
| C) | Geographic placement of proposed health services | |
| D) | Functions of community organizations | |
| E) | Social class of the community | |
| F) | Level of agreement on community goals | |
| Ans: | A, B, E | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Population variables include size, density, composition, rate of growth or decline, cultural characteristics, social class structure, and mobility. Pregnant teens are a subculture of teenagers. Cultural differences are population variables along with the numbers, social class, and mobility. Health needs vary among subculture and ethnic populations. Geographic placement reflects location. Functions of community organizations and social class reflect the social system. | ||
| 5. | A community health nurse avoids focusing care on illness and health problems, considering clients as which of the following? | |
| A) | Aggregate | |
| B) | Agent | |
| C) | Community | |
| D) | Total system | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| It was proposed by Mundinger and Jauron that the use of nursing diagnoses in the community could be formulated by substituting the terms, client, family, group, or aggregate for the word patient. Community health nurses look for evidence of all kinds of needs that relate to or influence a client’s levels of wellness. Needs cover the whole span of the health–illness continuum and the total person, family, group, aggregate, population, or community—the total system. Not all clients are communities. They may be individuals or families. Not all clients are in the category of groups, aggregates, or populations. A client can be an individual or a family. When using the epidemiological triad, there are three components: host, agent, and environment. A client would be considered the host. An agent is a factor that causes or contributes to a health problem or condition. | ||
| 6. | When the nursing student identifies the concept of community as client as which of the following the instructor knows that the student has grasped this concept? | |
| A) | The community is comprised of individual clients. | |
| B) | The community is comprised of families. | |
| C) | The community is a group or population of people as the focus of nursing service. | |
| D) | The community cannot be a client. Persons who are hospitalized are patients. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The concept of community as client refers to a group or population of people as the focus of nursing service. | ||
| 7. | Which of the following statements about the structural dimension of the community as client are accurate? Select all that apply. | |
| A) | Structure of a community refers to its services and resources. | |
| B) | Community associations, groups, and organizations provide a means for accessing needed services. | |
| C) | Adequacy and appropriateness of health services can be determined by examining patterns of use, number and types of health and social services, and quality measures. | |
| D) | Demographic data, such as socioeconomic and racial distribution, age, gender, and educational level, are important indicators of community structure. | |
| E) | Structure is the most common measure of the health of a community. | |
| Ans: | A, B, C, D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Structure of a community refers to its services and resources. Community associations, groups, and organizations provide a means for accessing needed services. Adequacy and appropriateness of health services can be determined by examining patterns of use, number and types of health and social services, and quality measures. Demographic data, such as socioeconomic and racial distribution, age, gender, and educational level, are important indicators of community structure. Status/people is the most common measure of the health of a community. | ||
| 8. | The community health nurse is determining the health of a community by examining status. Which of the following would the nurse examine? | |
| A) | Leading causes of death and illness | |
| B) | Adequacy of health services | |
| C) | Socioeconomic distributions | |
| D) | Strengths of the community | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Status typically comprises morbidity and mortality data identifying the physical, emotional, and social determinants of health. Physical and social indices include vital statistics, leading causes of death and illness, suicide rates, and rates of drug and alcohol addiction. Social determinants can be identified by crime rates and functional ability level, or by high school dropout rates or average income levels. Adequacy of health services and socioeconomic distributions reflect structure. Strengths of the community involve process. | ||
| 9. | The community health nurse is assessing the health of a community by reviewing the dimension of process. Which of the following is true of this dimension? | |
| A) | Process of a community refers to its services and resources. | |
| B) | Process reflects the community’s ability to function effectively. | |
| C) | It usually consists of morbidity and mortality data. | |
| D) | It refers to the physical, emotional and social determinants of health. | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Process reflects the community’s ability to function effectively. Structure of a community refers to its services and resources. Status/people dimension usually refers to the morbidity and mortality data and the physical, emotional, and social determinants of health. | ||
| 10. | As part of an orientation for a group of newly hired nurses for a community agency, a community health nurse emphasizes which of the following as crucial? | |
| A) | Cyclic nature | |
| B) | Client focus | |
| C) | Interaction | |
| D) | Flexibility | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Although the nursing process is cyclical, deliberative, flexible (adaptable), client focused, and need oriented, interaction is an essential first consideration for community health nursing. All steps of the nursing process depend on interaction. | ||
| 11. | When building a coalition, which of the following would the community health nurse do first? | |
| A) | Conduct a community assessment | |
| B) | Identify key players | |
| C) | Identify potential members | |
| D) | Define goals and objectives | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Steps to coalition building include defining goals and objectives, conducting a community assessment, identifying key players or leaders, and identifying potential coalition members. | ||
| 12. | When assessing a community’s needs, which of the following would the nurse most likely complete first? | |
| A) | Familiarization assessment | |
| B) | Problem-oriented assessment | |
| C) | Community subsystem assessment | |
| D) | Comprehensive assessment | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| A familiarization assessment is a common starting place in evaluation of a community. It involves studying data already available on a community and then gathering a certain amount of firsthand data in order to gain a working knowledge of the community. A problem-oriented assessment begins with a single problem and assesses the community in terms of that problem. It is commonly used when familiarization is not sufficient and a comprehensive assessment is too expensive. A community subsystem assessment focuses on one dimension of community life. It is a useful way for a team to conduct a more thorough community assessment. A comprehensive assessment seeks to discover all relevant community health information. | ||
| 13. | When completing a community assets assessment, the community health nurse would gather information about which of the following? | |
| A) | Key informants | |
| B) | Strengths of the community | |
| C) | Specific problem of the community | |
| D) | Overall life of the community | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| An assets assessment focuses on the strengths and capacities of a community rather than its problems. Key informants are important sources of information with a comprehensive assessment. Information about a specific health problem is gathered during a problem-oriented assessment. Information about an overall view of the community and its life is gathered with a familiarization or windshield survey. | ||
| 14. | Nursing students in a community health nursing course identified toxic waste disposal to be a major problem in their community. The most cost-effective type of community assessment to determine the extent of the problem and the resources available to handle it would be a | |
| A) | familiarization assessment. | |
| B) | community subsystem assessment. | |
| C) | problem-oriented assessment. | |
| D) | comprehensive community assessment. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The problem-oriented assessment is commonly used when familiarization is not sufficient and a comprehensive assessment is too expensive and not needed and a subsystem assessment is too narrow to determine the extent of the problem. | ||
| 15. | A community health nurse involved in assessing community health needs is planning to get a group of approximately 10 similar individuals together to obtain information about opinions on first pregnancies. The nurse is using which assessment method? | |
| A) | Survey | |
| B) | Community forum | |
| C) | Focus group | |
| D) | Descriptive epidemiology | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The nurse is using a focus group, similar to the community forum or town hall meeting in that it is designed to obtain grassroots opinion. Focus groups usually have only a small group of participants, usually 5 to 15 people and the members chosen for the group are homogeneous with respect to specific demographic variables. A survey involves a series of questions, often to provide a broad range of data. Community forum is a qualitative method to obtain community opinions; the members typically represent all segments of the community involved with the issue. Descriptive epidemiologic studies examine the amount and distribution of a disease or health condition in a population by person, place, and time. | ||
| 16. | A community health nurse obtains data about the community from primary sources, including which of the following? | |
| A) | World Health Organization | |
| B) | Community members | |
| C) | State health department | |
| D) | Other community health nurses | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Primary sources of information include community members, including formal leaders, informal leaders, and community members, and can frequently offer the most accurate insights and comprehensive information. Information gathered by talking to people provides primary data, because the data are obtained directly from the community. The World Health Organization is an international source of information. State health department is a state source of data. Other community health nurses as well as health team members, client records, community health (vital) statistics, census bureau data, reference books, and research reports are secondary sources of information. | ||
| 17. | When developing community diagnoses, which of the following would the community health nurse do? | |
| A) | Focus primarily on deficits of the community | |
| B) | Use broad statements to guide a range of interventions | |
| C) | Employ a revised nursing diagnosis format | |
| D) | Substitute the terms client, family, group, or aggregate for the word patient | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Community diagnoses should include statements about the strengths of the community and possible sources for community solutions, as well as the community’s weaknesses or problem areas. In addition, they should portray a community focus, include the community response, and identify any related factors that have potential for change through community health nursing. These may also include wellness diagnoses, which indicate maintenance or potential change responses (due to growth and development), when no deficit is present. Diagnoses statements should be narrow enough to guide interventions and use the standard nursing diagnosis format. | ||
| 18. | During which stage of the health planning process would the community health nurse create a plan? | |
| A) | Assessment | |
| B) | Analysis and design | |
| C) | Implementation | |
| D) | Evaluation | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| During the health planning process, a community health nurse creates a plan during the analysis and design stage, which correlates to the planning phase of the nursing process. Assessment involves data collection, interpretation, and goal setting. Implementation involves how to operationalize the plan and a design for monitoring progress. Evaluation involves examining the costs and benefits, judging the potential outcomes, modifying the plan, presenting the plan to the sponsoring group or agency, and obtaining acceptance. | ||
| 19. | A community health nurse is engaged in evaluation of a health plan using a formative evaluation. The nurse would focus on which of the following? | |
| A) | Process during the actual intervention | |
| B) | Outcomes of the interventions | |
| C) | Development of performance standards | |
| D) | Impact on the clients’ health | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The focus of formative evaluation is on process during the actual interventions. It uses performance standards that are developed to determine what is working and not working. Summative evaluation focuses on the outcome of the interventions and examines the programs’ impact on clients’ health. | ||
| 20. | When applying community development theory, which of the following would most likely be considered the agent of change? | |
| A) | Clients | |
| B) | Nurse | |
| C) | Families | |
| D) | Community leaders | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| When applying community development theory, the agent of change is most often the community health nurse who is considered a partner rather than an authority figure responsible for the community’s health. Clients, families, and community leaders would be the care recipients. | ||
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