Criminal Justice in America 8th Edition by George F. Cole - Test Bank Instant Download - Complete Test Bank With Answers Sample Questions Are Posted Below True / False 1. Police officers who have the public’s confidence are often more effective at their jobs. a. True b. False …
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Criminal Justice in America 8th Edition by George F. Cole – Test Bank
Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| True / False |
1. Police officers who have the public’s confidence are often more effective at their jobs.
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2. Police are mainly reactive because they are dependent upon citizen calls for service in performing their duties.
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3. ComStat delivers detailed crime statistics for each precinct and helps to develop immediate approaches and goals for problem solving. .
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4. In large departments, detectives make up two-thirds of sworn officers.
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5. Preventive patrol involves increased police presence in a community in order to reduce crime.
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6. Detectives are more closely supervised than patrol officers.
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7. Traffic enforcement is a major job of the police.
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8. Police help maintain order by enforcing traffic laws.
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9. Hot spots are locations where crimes occur frequently.
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10. Most police patrolling is still conducted in cars.
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11. Aggressive patrol is a form of patrolling that directs resources to known high-crime areas.
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12. Community policing can take many forms depending on the needs and priorities of the police department.
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13. The community policing philosophy does not include community residents in decision making.
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14. Aggressive patrol strains police relations with African Americans and Hispanics.
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15. Problem-oriented policing tries to find the underlying causes of crime.
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16. Immigrants from Southeast Asia make up the fastest growing minority group in the United States.
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17. After September 11, 2001, the FBI shifted the focus of its personnel assignments from crime-control activities to intelligence-gathering.
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18. Local police departments are not trained in homeland security issues.
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19. Fusion centers were developed to encourage the use of community policing techniques.
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20. Prosecutors have used anti-terrorism legislation to prosecute gang members for criminal activity.
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21. Municipal police are usually responsible for maintaining security in and around nuclear power plants, oil refineries, and military facilities.
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22. Higher level security managers are increasingly drawn from college graduates with degrees in criminal justice.
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23. Private firms are not allowed to hire public police officers.
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24. Although some departments may forbid moonlighting by their officers, some departments simultaneously facilitate and control the hiring of their officers.
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25. In 2008, 46 percent of private security officers had a high school diploma or less.
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26. Police are less likely to enforce the law against elderly, white, affluent women, than against a younger, black male.
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27. A suspect who shows no respect to an officer is less likely to be arrested than one who does.
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28. Use of force typically occurs when police are trying interrogate witnesses and the witnesses are either uncooperative or hostile.
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29. Police use force infrequently.
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30. Most officers, on most shifts, do not make even one arrest.
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31. The largest block of an officer’s time during a typical shift is spent on traffic control.
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32. When the police attempt to deter crime and officers respond quickly to calls are characteristic of a free patrol.
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33. The process of catching a suspect has five stages.
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34. School resource officers are classified as special operations.
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| Multiple Choice |
35. Which of the following is NOT one of the five factors that officers must take into account when exercising discretion?
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36. Violent victimization that may occur between intimate partners, which frequently requires the use of officer discretion, is called:
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37. What is the application of force against individuals by police officers that violates either departmental policies or constitutional rights by exceeding the level of force permissible in a given situation?
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38. Officers who partake in a wide range of practices including abusive language, physical force, and/or violence are guilty of:
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39. Officers who participate in violations of law and departmental policy for personal gain are guilty of:
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40. Officers who participate in small payoffs such as exchanging money for not writing a ticket are called:
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41. Officers who participate in widespread corruption including drug smuggling and money laundering are called:
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42. This is the unit of a police department that receives and investigates complaints alleging violation of rules and policies on the part of officers.
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43. Oftentimes, citizens will form a committee to investigate complaints against the police, which are referred to as:
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44. CALEA is a nonprofit organization formed by major law enforcement executives’ associations to:
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45. This type of policing involves examining social science studies on the nature of crime and social problems.
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46. Most police work is reactive, which means that police primarily:
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47. Which of the following is an example of a proactive strategy to combat crime?
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48. The policing approach in which calls for service are the main instigators of police action is known as:
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49. The approach to policing that involves assigning priorities to various calls for service is known as:
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50. To improve efficiency, police departments utilize the policy of differential response, which allows:
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51. What approach to crime fighting uses detailed crime statistics and forces police supervisors to meet to plan goals for crime prevention purposes?
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52. What employees have taken an oath and been given powers by the state to make arrests and use necessary force in the commission of their duties?
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53. Which of the following statements about measurements of police productivity is TRUE?
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54. The percentage of crimes that police believe they have solved through an arrest is called:
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55. The police function that includes the familiar sight of uniformed and armed officers on call 24 hours a day, also called the backbone of police operations, is the:
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56. Police officers assigned for duty in schools to assist in order maintenance while also developing positive relationships with students that may assist in delinquency prevention are known as what type of officers?
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57. Which type of police officers accounts for two-thirds of all sworn officers?
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58. Preventive patrol emphasizes:
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59. In federal agencies, the work of special agents is most similar to that of:
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60. The nonprofit organization formed by major law enforcement executives’ associations to develop standards for police is called:
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61. Which classic study of a police department found that preventative patrol did not decrease crime, and forced many departments to redesign their crime fighting strategy?
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62. Which of the following statements about the traffic regulation function of the police is TRUE?
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63. Which of the following is a vice offense?
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64. Drug enforcement in large cities often combat organized crime and gangs involved in drug abuse with this type of patrol.
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65. Community policing philosophies suggest that citizens should be viewed as:
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66. Which of the following is a central feature of community policing?
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67. Programs in which criminal justice officials cultivate relationships with and rely on assistance from citizens in preventing crime and apprehending offenders are:
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68. Interpol was created in order to:
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69. Which of the following has NOT been a factor in the recent growth of the private security industry?
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70. Which model permits close control of off-duty work, because firms must apply to the department to have officers assigned to them?
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71. Which of the following statements about public police officers who work for private security firms is TRUE?
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72. Joint planning for emergencies, hiring of private firms to guard govern ment facilities, and hiring of police officers for off-duty private security work are examples of the:
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73. Which of the following models allows officers to obtain off-duty employment with permission from their department?
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74. Some professionals have become concerned about lower-level security workers because:
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75. The less serious a crime is to the public, the more freedom officers have to ignore it is an example of what type of police discretion?
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76. When it comes to police discretion, which one of the following statements is associated with departmental policy?
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77. When it comes to police discretion, which one of the following statements is associated with relationship between the police and the criminal or victim?
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78. According to a report by the National Institute of Justice, which statement regarding the police use of force is FALSE?
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79. According to a report by the National Institute of Justice, which statement regarding the police use of force is TRUE?
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80. According to a study of police officers in Wilmington, Delaware, _________ consumes the most time of an officer.
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81. According to a study of police officers in Wilmington, Delaware, _________ consumes the second most time of an officer.
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82. Making the police presence known, to deter crime and to make officers available to respond quickly to calls is characteristic of a(n) ______patrol.
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83. Which of the following is NOT part of the process of catching a suspect?
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84. The job of the ______ is mainly to talk to witnesses, suspects, and victims.
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| Amy is late for work at a prestigious law farm. She is driving through town when she sees police lights flashing in her rear view mirror. She immediately pulls off to the side of the road and retrieves her license and proof of car insurance. She puts her car window down and waits patiently for the officer to arrive. When he does, she smiles and offers her documents to the officer, using “Sir” when addressing him. |
85. Officer Jones has just pulled over an expensive car for speeding, and as he approaches it he notices an elegant middle-aged woman with a pleasant demeanor. The chief of police has made it quite clear he wants more tickets issued. Discretion in this case is expressly limited by:
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86. If Officer Jones decides not to issue a ticket, he will be exercising:
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87. Officer Jones decides not to issue a ticket. After all, the woman was very nice and sophisticated. Officer Jones’ decision is based on:
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88. A patrol strategy that assigns priorities to calls for service and chooses the appropriate response is called:
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| Completion |
89. Officers are expected to use ___________when making choices in ambiguous situations.
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90. Intimate partner violence between spouses, boyfriends and girlfriends is called ________ ________.
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91. _________ __ ___ ______ occurs when officers violate departmental policy and /or constitutional rights by exceeding the level of force permissible and necessary in a given situation.
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92. The use of abusive language to physical force and violence can be considered ________ _______.
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93. ________ _______ occurs when officers violate the law and/or departmental policy for personal gain.
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94. New officers must be instilled with a sense of _______ and _______ in all of their training.
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95. _______ _______ is a branch of a police department that receives and investigates complaints alleging violation of rules and policies on the part of officers.
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96. _________ is a nonprofit organization formed by major law enforcement executive associations to develop standards for police policies and practice; on request, will review police agencies and award accreditation upon meeting those standards. .
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97. _______ _______ _______ are committees formed to investigate complaints against the police.
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98. ______ _______ ______ is when officers are deployed based upon results from social science studies.
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99. Police responding to 911 calls are acting in a ____________________ manner.
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100. The ____________________refers to the percentage of crimes known to police that they believe they have solved through an arrest.
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101. ____________ officers have taken an oath and have powers to make arrests.
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102. _____________ patrol is intended to deter crime and make the police presence known.
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103. Officers with investigation duties are known as ___________________.
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104. The _________ ______ ________ ________ __________is considered the most influential test of the general deterrent effects of patrol on crime.
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105. ___________ ______ involve an officer constantly moving through an area to prevent criminals from committing illegal acts.
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106. ____________________ patrol is a strategy designed to maximize the number of police interventions and observations in the community.
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107. _________ ________, with its focus on community-based crime prevention, has required a major shift in the philosophy of policing.
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108. The productivity of a force can be measured in various ways, including ______ rate.
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109. Geographic concentrations of crime are called __________ ___________.
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110. In a ____________ society, relations between the police and minorities are complicated by stereotypes , cultural variations, and language differences.
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111. Law enforcement _______ is gathered to learn about criminal activities and criminal organizations in order to monitor their activities and prevent crime.
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112. The ________ was passed by Congress in 2001to expand the federal government’s ability to conduct searches and surveillance of suspected terrorists.
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113. Corporations and businesses are likely to use __________ ___________to keep their buildings and property safe.
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114. The policies of the police chief and city officials that promote more or less discretion are called ______ ______.
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115. The ___ serious a crime is to the public, the more freedom officers have to ignore it.
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116. Use of force typically occurs when police are trying to make an arrest and the suspect is ______.
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117. The risk of _______ by victims of improper police shootings and other injury producing uses of force looms over police departments and creates an incentive for administrators to impose standards for the proper use of force.
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118. During a typical patrol, the category of activity an officer is most engaged in is the ____ patrol.
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119. On a free patrol, an officer would either be parked or _______.
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120. ______ _______ are police employees who have taken an oath and been given powers by the state to make arrests and to use necessary force, in accordance with their duties.
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| Subjective Short Answer |
| Officer Sally King has been on the force for four years. She truly loves her job, but finds it sometimes difficult to live on a police officer’s salary. She has noticed many of her coworkers seem to live at a much higher standard of living than she does. She is amazed at the large homes and vehicles that a select few officers have acquired. |
| 121. One day Officer King discussed her concerns with a fellow officer. The officer replied that it is easy to make a little side money. He then informed her that one could accept money in exchange for writing tickets and no one would know. This is an example of:
a. grass eating.
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| 122. Officer King continued her discussion with the fellow officer. She informed the officer that she would be so afraid of getting caught that she could not participate in such behavior. The officer informed her that she would be shocked at the corrupt activity within the department including officers having connections with mobsters. This would be an example of:
a. grass eating.
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| 123. Officer King continued on her shift deeply troubled by her recent conversation. She felt completely torn concerning what is right and what is officer loyalty. She decided she would report this to what department?
a. SWAT
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| 124. Interestingly, as Officer King was going home the next morning, her captain informed her that he had an opportunity for her. During the upcoming NFL season, they would need officers to work off duty security. She would be paid approximately fifty dollars an hour. This is an example of:
a. departmental contract model.
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| Officer Jordan Stanley is called to a shoplifting call. Upon arrival, he talks with the store manager concerning the facts of the case. Apparently, a 16-year-old female attempted to steal a pair of shoes for an upcoming school event. Officer Stanley writes a citation and then discusses with the manager how to prevent future cases from occurring. The manager agrees to implement many of the suggestions. |
| 125. When Officer Stanley responds to the call, he is responding in what manner?
a. proactive
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| 126. What style of policing is Officer Stanly practicing in this case?
a. incident driven.
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| 127. By writing a citation to the offender, Officer Stanly is practicing:
a. domestic violence.
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| River Justice just graduated from a small private university. He has a double major in both criminal justice and sociology. He has wanted to be a police officer since he was five years old, but cannot even seem to get an interview in today’s tough economy. River has decided to pursue security work until his dream job comes through. |
| 128. River applied to a higher level security management position. He was offered the position with the stipulation that he would pursue his master’s degree, which the company would pay for. Since the job requires management of personnel and budgets, the firm would probably like River to earn a degree in:
a. computer science. b. engineering.
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| 129. One of River’s new duties includes organizing training for his line security officers. He was amazed at the credentials of his current staff. He noticed a pattern emerged with each report he read. Which is most likely NOT a characteristic he noted?
a. little education
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| Essay |
130. Police departments use several methods to measure police productivity. In light of the shift to community policing (and away from punitive crime control), can measures such as arrests and traffic stops still be used as measures of police productivity? Support your answer, and suggest alternative measures if appropriate.
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131. Describe those factors that affect how police exercise discretion and make choices about actions, especially in ambiguous situations when it is not clear how to apply the law.
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132. Different departments allocate their officers in different ways. Some departments keep more officers on patrol than others, while others stress criminal investigation. What factors might affect these different choices about officer distribution?
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133. Explain the difficulties a law enforcement officer who works in internal affairs might face. Who would they associate with? Would other officers look at them negatively? In what ways could you improve the relationship?
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134. Homeland security has become an important priority for law enforcement agencies at all levels of government since September 11, 2001. Describe some of the ways that has happened.
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135. Many large metropolitan police departments have specialized units within their departments in order to concentrate on that particular aspect of crime. If you were the police chief, what special operations would you require in your department? What would be the requirements that officers would have to meet in order to assume working in that unit?
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136. Critics of the USA Patriot Act claim that the Act infringes on individual rights and may even violate the United States Constitution. Do you agree with these critics? Does the Patriot Act help to keep our country safer? Support your answer with material from the text.
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137. Explain why the Kansas City experiment was so important to law enforcement especially in regards to patrol. What changes would departments make if they were aware of the findings of this research study? Would a newer study reflect the same findings?
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138. To be effective, the police must maintain their connection with the community. Describe strategies police use in order to improve their relations with the communities they serve.
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139. How can corporations that offer private security recruit qualified applicants? Is it necessary to require a college education to work within such a field? Is private security a viable career path outside of law enforcement?
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140. Five factors are especially important in determining when and how police use discretion. What are the five factors and explain how they are used?
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141. What are the top four categories of activity that an officer spends doing during a typical shift? What is involved in these activities?
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Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
