Developing Person Through Childhood And Adolescence 10th Edition By Kathleen Stassen Berger - Test Bank Instant Download - Complete Test Bank With Answers Sample Questions Are Posted Below 1. The average baby will grow _____ inches in his or her first year. A) 10 B) 14 C) 16 …
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Developing Person Through Childhood And Adolescence 10th Edition By Kathleen Stassen Berger – Test Bank
Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | The average baby will grow _____ inches in his or her first year. | |
| A) | 10 | |
| B) | 14 | |
| C) | 16 | |
| D) | 20 | |
| 2. | A typical child at 24 months weighs about _____ pounds. | |
| A) | 19 | |
| B) | 28 | |
| C) | 41 | |
| D) | 52 | |
| 3. | The average North American newborn weighs _____ pounds at birth. | |
| A) | 5 | |
| B) | 6 | |
| C) | 7 | |
| D) | 8 | |
| 4. | The average newborn triples his weight by _____. | |
| A) | 6 months | |
| B) | 9 months | |
| C) | 1 year | |
| D) | 2 years | |
| 5. | Children reach half their adult height by the age of _____ years. | |
| A) | 2 | |
| B) | 3 | |
| C) | 4 | |
| D) | 6 | |
| 6. | Clara’s weight is in the 30th percentile. This means that _____ percent of all babies her age weigh less than she does. | |
| A) | 20 | |
| B) | 30 | |
| C) | 70 | |
| D) | 80 | |
| 7. | Jordan’s weight is in the 50th percentile. This means that _____. | |
| A) | he weighs 50 percent more than other children his age | |
| B) | he weighs 50 percent less than other children his age | |
| C) | the average weight for his age is 50 percent more than his weight | |
| D) | 50 percent of children his age weigh less than he does | |
| 8. | A _____ is a ranking between 0 and 100 that compares children of the same age in order to determine whether a particular baby is growing well. | |
| A) | normal score | |
| B) | standard deviation | |
| C) | percentile | |
| D) | norm | |
| 9. | Alma brought her 6-month-old son to the doctor for a well-baby visit. The doctor says that her son’s weight is in the 20th percentile. What does this definitely mean? | |
| A) | He is large for his age. | |
| B) | He is not growing properly. | |
| C) | He is malnourished. | |
| D) | He is small compared to other 6-month-olds. | |
| 10. | Parents are told that their newborn is in the 90th percentile for height. This means that their child is _____. | |
| A) | above average in height | |
| B) | below average in height | |
| C) | average in height | |
| D) | 90 percent of the desired height for his weight | |
| 11. | The human body is equipped to protect the brain when malnutrition temporarily affects body growth. This protective feature is known as _____. | |
| A) | the blood-brain barrier | |
| B) | brain-override | |
| C) | head-sparing | |
| D) | caudal protection | |
| 12. | A newborn’s brain weight is _____ an adult’s brain weight. | |
| A) | greater than | |
| B) | the same as | |
| C) | 50 percent of | |
| D) | 25 percent of | |
| 13. | Brain cells are called _____. | |
| A) | frontal cells | |
| B) | axons | |
| C) | dendrites | |
| D) | neurons | |
| 14. | A basic nerve cell in the central nervous system is called a(n) _____. | |
| A) | frontal cell | |
| B) | axon | |
| C) | dendrite | |
| D) | neuron | |
| 15. | Which statement describes the brain’s cortex? | |
| A) | It is found in the center of the brain and is responsible for primitive emotions and reflexes. | |
| B) | It makes up a small percentage of the outer brain and is responsible for movement. | |
| C) | It makes up the outer layers of the brain and is responsible for thinking, feeling, and sensing. | |
| D) | It is the gray matter of the brain where the intersections of dendrites and axons form. | |
| 16. | At birth, the human brain has _____. | |
| A) | billions of neurons | |
| B) | trillions of neurons | |
| C) | 25 percent of its adult neurons | |
| D) | 50 percent of its adult neurons | |
| 17. | The outer layers of the brain are referred to as _____. | |
| A) | the cortex | |
| B) | axons | |
| C) | dendrites | |
| D) | synapses | |
| 18. | The areas at the very front of the cortex _____. | |
| A) | are responsible for visual functions | |
| B) | help humans to understand spoken words | |
| C) | assist with impulse control | |
| D) | are well-developed in newborns | |
| 19. | The last part of the brain to mature is the _____. | |
| A) | axons | |
| B) | dendrites | |
| C) | synapses | |
| D) | prefrontal cortex | |
| 20. | The area in the brain that plans, anticipates, and controls impulses is the _____ cortex. | |
| A) | prefrontal | |
| B) | parietal | |
| C) | temporal | |
| D) | striate | |
| 21. | Neurons in the brain meet at “intersections” called _____. | |
| A) | synapses | |
| B) | cortexes | |
| C) | axons | |
| D) | dendrites | |
| 22. | Synapses are _____. | |
| A) | intersections where the axons of one neuron meet the dendrites of another neuron | |
| B) | where neurons make direct contact with one another | |
| C) | chemical structures that allow dendrites to send their messages to axons | |
| D) | the area where neurons determine whether a stimulus exceeds the absolute threshold or not | |
| 23. | The function of neurotransmitters is to _____. | |
| A) | bind the neurons of the central nervous system together | |
| B) | form the synapse between neurons | |
| C) | carry information from one neuron to another | |
| D) | assist in the formation of new neurons | |
| 24. | Dendrite growth is the main reason that brain weight _____ from birth to the age of 2. | |
| A) | decreases | |
| B) | doubles | |
| C) | triples | |
| D) | quadruples | |
| 25. | Brain weight triples in size during the first two years of life primarily because of the growth of _____. | |
| A) | axons | |
| B) | dendrites | |
| C) | neurons | |
| D) | synapses | |
| 26. | From birth until age 2, dendrites in the cortex increase _____. | |
| A) | twofold | |
| B) | threefold | |
| C) | fivefold | |
| D) | tenfold | |
| 27. | The brain develops extremely quickly in the first few years, but not all of this growth is permanent. Due to its rapidity and temporary nature, this rapid brain growth is called _____. | |
| A) | dendrite proliferation | |
| B) | pruning | |
| C) | cortex multiplication | |
| D) | transient exuberance | |
| 28. | Transient exuberance is the _____. | |
| A) | rapid growth of dendrites during the first few years of life | |
| B) | high energy that toddlers experience following a nap | |
| C) | friendliness that infants display prior to the onset of stranger wariness | |
| D) | rapid growth of axons during the first few years of life | |
| 29. | The process through which unused dendrites atrophy and die is called _____. | |
| A) | pruning | |
| B) | degeneration | |
| C) | transient exuberance | |
| D) | myelination | |
| 30. | Pruning is the process by which _____. | |
| A) | brain centers are rewired following localized brain damage | |
| B) | the left hemisphere specializes for language processing | |
| C) | the frontal lobe disengages from the prefrontal cortex | |
| D) | unused connections between neurons are eliminated | |
| 31. | According to research, increased brainpower is most likely due to _____. | |
| A) | transient exuberance | |
| B) | synaptic regeneration | |
| C) | axon pruning | |
| D) | dendrite pruning | |
| 32. | Trent is an infant who lacks the toys and videos that promote brain development. He spends much of his day in a playpen with kitchen items for toys, listening to his grandmother sing while his mother works outside the home. In this situation, Trent’s brain development will most likely _____. | |
| A) | proceed normally due to the self-righting tendency | |
| B) | flourish due to the self-excelling tendency | |
| C) | be somewhat impaired due to his limited environment | |
| D) | be extremely impaired due to his limited environment | |
| 33. | A life-threatening condition that occurs when infants are shaken back and forth sharply and quickly is called _____. | |
| A) | self-righting | |
| B) | head-sparing | |
| C) | shaken baby syndrome | |
| D) | transient exuberance | |
| 34. | An abusive caregiver shakes an infant to get her to stop crying. The infant stops crying. Why? | |
| A) | The infant is so startled by the shaking that she can’t cry. | |
| B) | Blood vessels in her brain rupture and neural connections break. | |
| C) | Experience has taught her to stop crying. | |
| D) | The infant’s airway is damaged. | |
| 35. | Dominique was an infant with very few toys, but she concocted things to play with out of what was available in her home. As a result, her brain developed normally. This is an example of _____. | |
| A) | transient exuberance | |
| B) | cognitive independence | |
| C) | self-righting | |
| D) | selective attention | |
| 36. | An infant’s inborn drive to remedy deficits is called _____. | |
| A) | self-efficacy | |
| B) | experience-expectant brain functions | |
| C) | experience-dependent brain functions | |
| D) | self-righting | |
| 37. | The part of the brain that seems to be devoted to perceiving faces is the _____. | |
| A) | prefrontal cortex | |
| B) | fusiform face area | |
| C) | countenance perception area | |
| D) | neurofacial transmitter | |
| 38. | Children as young as _____ old exhibit signs of the own-race effect. | |
| A) | 3 months | |
| B) | 9 months | |
| C) | 1 year | |
| D) | 3 years | |
| 39. | Research found that 3-year-olds _____ were better at recognizing differences in newborn faces. | |
| A) | with older siblings | |
| B) | with younger siblings | |
| C) | who spent time looking at different monkey faces | |
| D) | with broad multiethnic experience | |
| 40. | Approximately how many hours per day does the average newborn spend asleep? | |
| A) | 13 to 14 | |
| B) | 15 to 17 | |
| C) | 18 to 19 | |
| D) | 20 to 21 | |
| 41. | The dozing, half-awake state often seen in newborns is called _____. | |
| A) | REM sleep | |
| B) | paradoxical sleep | |
| C) | transitional sleep | |
| D) | postnatal sleep | |
| 42. | Slow-wave sleep _____. | |
| A) | increases at about 3 or 4 months of age | |
| B) | is also known as REM sleep | |
| C) | is also known as paradoxical sleep | |
| D) | rarely occurs until 2 years of age | |
| 43. | The signs of REM sleep include flickering of the infant’s _____. | |
| A) | open eyes and rapid brain waves | |
| B) | closed eyes and rapid brain waves | |
| C) | open eyes and slow, steady brain waves | |
| D) | closed eyes and slow, steady brain waves | |
| 44. | Co-sleeping may be harmful to the baby if the mother _____. | |
| A) | is in a fetal position around the baby | |
| B) | is a light sleeper | |
| C) | is drugged or drunk | |
| D) | awakens frequently | |
| 45. | In addition to cultural influences, what is a compelling reason that causes parents to choose to co-sleep with their infant? | |
| A) | Co-sleeping makes nighttime feedings easier. | |
| B) | Co-sleeping allows the infant to sleep more deeply for longer periods. | |
| C) | Co-sleeping helps the baby’s digestion. | |
| D) | Co-sleeping infants become more independent. | |
| 46. | Twelve-month-old Emily has slept in her parents’ bed since she was born. This custom is called _____. | |
| A) | co-bedding | |
| B) | shared sleep | |
| C) | sleep accommodation | |
| D) | co-sleeping | |
| 47. | The process that first detects an external stimulus is _____. | |
| A) | perception | |
| B) | sensation | |
| C) | interpretation | |
| D) | cognition | |
| 48. | Whenever the eyes, ears, tongue, skin, or mouth detect a stimulus, a(n) _____ has occurred. | |
| A) | perception | |
| B) | interpretation | |
| C) | sensation | |
| D) | response | |
| 49. | You see a beautiful yellow flower while walking through a meadow. Your eyes seeing the flower is a matter of sensation. Your brain determining that the flower is yellow is a matter of _____. | |
| A) | knowing | |
| B) | cognition | |
| C) | sensation | |
| D) | perception | |
| 50. | The mental processing of sensory information is called _____. | |
| A) | perception | |
| B) | sensation | |
| C) | input | |
| D) | cognition | |
| 51. | Thinking about something that has been perceived is _____. | |
| A) | sensation | |
| B) | cognition | |
| C) | intuition | |
| D) | knowing | |
| 52. | At what point in development is the sense of hearing already quite acute? | |
| A) | at birth | |
| B) | by 3 months of age | |
| C) | by 14 weeks of age | |
| D) | by 6 months of age | |
| 53. | In terms of visual acuity, newborns _____. | |
| A) | possess 20/20 vision | |
| B) | are legally blind | |
| C) | have binocular vision | |
| D) | exhibit organized visual scanning | |
| 54. | The sense that is the least functional at birth is an infant’s _____. | |
| A) | hearing | |
| B) | taste | |
| C) | vision | |
| D) | smell | |
| 55. | The neonate’s vision _____. | |
| A) | is clearest when objects are 4 to 30 inches away | |
| B) | is clearest when objects are about 10 feet away | |
| C) | does not improve until about age 1 | |
| D) | is the most developed of the baby’s senses | |
| 56. | By 3 months of age, babies look closely at the eyes and mouth when studying faces. This change in focus is due to _____. | |
| A) | increased interest in other humans | |
| B) | increased awareness of caregivers’ identities | |
| C) | changes in willingness to interact with adults | |
| D) | improvements in visual scanning ability | |
| 57. | Binocular vision refers to the ability to _____. | |
| A) | focus on objects at a distance | |
| B) | bring an object in and out of focus | |
| C) | focus on an object with both eyes | |
| D) | visually distinguish between similar colors | |
| 58. | Binocular vision appears between _____ months of age. | |
| A) | 2 and 4 | |
| B) | 6 and 8 | |
| C) | 10 and 12 | |
| D) | 14 and 16 | |
| 59. | Due to smell recognition, babies prefer to sleep _____. | |
| A) | alone in a crib with freshly washed sheets | |
| B) | nuzzled into their caregiver’s chest | |
| C) | near a kitchen while food is being prepared | |
| D) | in the room in which they were born | |
| 60. | Newborns’ sense of touch allows them to _____. | |
| A) | determine who is touching them | |
| B) | be comforted by their caregiver | |
| C) | feel no pain | |
| D) | make up for their lack of hearing at birth | |
| 61. | The ability to move and control some parts of the body is referred to as _____. | |
| A) | instinct | |
| B) | facilitation | |
| C) | motor skill | |
| D) | reflex | |
| 62. | Gross motor skills are _____. | |
| A) | head motions | |
| B) | small movements | |
| C) | large movements | |
| D) | feet motions | |
| 63. | Large movements that coordinate many parts of the body are known as _____ motor skills. | |
| A) | athletic | |
| B) | fine | |
| C) | primitive | |
| D) | gross | |
| 64. | Most infants are able to inch forward on their bellies by the age of _____ months. | |
| A) | 5 | |
| B) | 8 | |
| C) | 10 | |
| D) | 12 | |
| 65. | On average, children begin to walk well at approximately _____ of age. | |
| A) | 6 months | |
| B) | 1 year | |
| C) | 18 months | |
| D) | 2 years | |
| 66. | Between _____ months of age, most infants can lift their midsections and crawl on “all fours.” | |
| A) | 8 and 10 | |
| B) | 10 and 12 | |
| C) | 12 and 14 | |
| D) | 14 and 16 | |
| 67. | Renee is concerned because her son is 13 months old and is starting to walk before learning to crawl. What advice would a pediatrician give to Renee? | |
| A) | She should not let her son continue to walk until he has learned to crawl. | |
| B) | He needs to be tested because this may be a sign of a serious learning disability. | |
| C) | She should wait another month or so to see if he crawls and walks at the same time. | |
| D) | She should not be worried since some babies do not crawl. | |
| 68. | By _____ months of age, around 50 percent of babies can usually sit up unsupported. | |
| A) | 2 | |
| B) | 4 | |
| C) | 6 | |
| D) | 8 | |
| 69. | What three factors contribute to the ability to walk? | |
| A) | muscle strength, parental teaching, practice | |
| B) | brain maturation, parental teaching, muscle strength | |
| C) | parental teaching, practice, brain maturation | |
| D) | muscle strength, brain maturation, practice | |
| 70. | Aran’s mother has been helping him to walk by holding his hands and supporting him. Aran’s legs are strong enough to hold him up, and he’s able to move his legs in a coordinated way as long as his mother supports him. What else does Aran need in order to walk on his own? | |
| A) | muscle strength | |
| B) | brain maturation | |
| C) | practice | |
| D) | fine motor skills | |
| 71. | Fine motor skills are _____. | |
| A) | head motions | |
| B) | small movements | |
| C) | large movements | |
| D) | feet motions | |
| 72. | When they practice walking, babies average between _____ steps per hour. | |
| A) | 100 and 300 | |
| B) | 200 and 800 | |
| C) | 600 and 1,200 | |
| D) | 500 and 1,500 | |
| 73. | Small movements made by fingers and toes are known as _____ motor skills. | |
| A) | athletic | |
| B) | primitive | |
| C) | fine | |
| D) | gross | |
| 74. | Fine motor skills are those that _____. | |
| A) | develop as a result of brain damage | |
| B) | require practice | |
| C) | require small body movements | |
| D) | use three or more muscles | |
| 75. | Behaviors that involve small body movements are known as _____ motor skills. | |
| A) | gross | |
| B) | fine | |
| C) | mature | |
| D) | micro | |
| 76. | Ann-Marie started walking when she was 10 months old; Cynthia is just beginning to take steps by herself at 13 months. Which conclusion is true? | |
| A) | Ann-Marie is very intelligent. | |
| B) | Cynthia is malnourished. | |
| C) | Cynthia is mentally handicapped. | |
| D) | Both girls are developing normally. | |
| 77. | On average, which skill does an infant develop last? | |
| A) | pulling up onto feet | |
| B) | standing alone without holding on | |
| C) | sitting without support | |
| D) | standing while holding on | |
| 78. | On average, which skill does an infant develop first? | |
| A) | running | |
| B) | walking backward | |
| C) | walking well | |
| D) | jumping | |
| 79. | Baby Sam can grab objects, but sometimes he closes his hand too early or too late. Sam is probably around _____ months old. | |
| A) | 2 | |
| B) | 4 | |
| C) | 6 | |
| D) | 8 | |
| 80. | Most babies learn to grasp and hold onto objects by about _____ months old. | |
| A) | 2 | |
| B) | 4 | |
| C) | 6 | |
| D) | 8 | |
| 81. | Newborns perceive important experiences like breastfeeding _____. | |
| A) | with dynamic sensory-motor systems | |
| B) | primarily through fine motor skills | |
| C) | primarily through the sense of smell | |
| D) | with practice | |
| 82. | At least _____ billion children were born between the years 1950 and 2015. | |
| A) | 4 | |
| B) | 5 | |
| C) | 8 | |
| D) | 10 | |
| 83. | Between 1950 and 2015, more than _____ children died before age 5. | |
| A) | 1 million | |
| B) | 5 million | |
| C) | 1 billion | |
| D) | 5 billion | |
| 84. | What is one effect of lower infant mortality rates? | |
| A) | Mothers have more babies. | |
| B) | Mothers have fewer babies. | |
| C) | Mothers achieve less education. | |
| D) | National economies are undermined. | |
| 85. | Clean water, immunizations, and nourishing food have all had a dramatic impact on _____. | |
| A) | infant and child mortality | |
| B) | maternal education levels | |
| C) | population constriction | |
| D) | rates of violence | |
| 86. | When the immune system is primed to resist a particular disease, the process is called _____. | |
| A) | exuberance | |
| B) | immunization | |
| C) | pertussis | |
| D) | head-sparing | |
| 87. | For which illness is an immunization NOT available? | |
| A) | malaria | |
| B) | measles | |
| C) | whooping cough | |
| D) | smallpox | |
| 88. | The damage from illness may not be apparent until decades later. Having mumps in childhood, for instance, can cause _____ and doubles the risk of schizophrenia in adulthood. | |
| A) | blindness | |
| B) | sterility | |
| C) | asthma | |
| D) | tetanus | |
| 89. | When children are immunized, they contribute to the protection of others. This is referred to as _____. | |
| A) | community immunity | |
| B) | vaccinating | |
| C) | herd immunity | |
| D) | failure to thrive | |
| 90. | The rate of missed vaccinations in the United States has been rising over the past decade due to some parents’ fears that vaccines cause _____. | |
| A) | HIV | |
| B) | schizophrenia | |
| C) | ADHD | |
| D) | autism | |
| 91. | _____ is the thick, high-calorie fluid that is secreted by a new mother’s breasts in the days immediately following birth. | |
| A) | Formula | |
| B) | Colostrum | |
| C) | Breast milk | |
| D) | Immunization | |
| 92. | Breast milk _____. | |
| A) | is deficient in iron and vitamin C | |
| B) | is more likely than formula to produce allergies | |
| C) | provides antibodies to fight diseases | |
| D) | upsets the baby’s digestive system more than formula | |
| 93. | Why are breast-fed babies less likely to contract infectious diseases than bottle-fed babies? | |
| A) | They are less likely to come in contact with viruses and bacteria. | |
| B) | Breasts are more sterile than bottles. | |
| C) | Breast milk contains antibodies. | |
| D) | Most breast-fed babies don’t leave the home often. | |
| 94. | Studies comparing breast-feeding to bottle-feeding show that _____. | |
| A) | breast-fed babies have fewer allergies and stomach aches | |
| B) | breast-feeding is recommended for about half of all mothers | |
| C) | recent improvements in formula make bottle-feeding more nutritious than breast milk | |
| D) | breast-feeding should end as soon as a baby gets a tooth | |
| 95. | In the United States, 77 percent of babies are breast-fed at birth, and _____ percent are breast-fed at 6 months. | |
| A) | 36 | |
| B) | 60 | |
| C) | 50 | |
| D) | 48 | |
| 96. | Shirley returned to full-time employment six weeks after her baby’s birth. She exclusively breast-fed during her maternity leave, and then pumped her breast milk when she returned to work. Now her baby is 3 months old and drinks some formula when at daycare. Shirley wants to stop breast-feeding. If you were a pediatric nurse, what would you say to her? | |
| A) | She can quit breast-feeding since all of its benefits are achieved within the first three months. | |
| B) | She should quit breast-feeding since it is only beneficial if the baby doesn’t drink any formula. | |
| C) | She should keep breast-feeding until the baby begins to eat solid foods, which is the point at which breast milk loses its nutritional value. | |
| D) | She should keep breast-feeding as long as possible since breast-fed babies are less likely to get sick. | |
| 97. | A child who is too short for his or her age due to severe malnutrition is suffering from a condition called _____. | |
| A) | stunting | |
| B) | marasmus | |
| C) | wasting | |
| D) | protein calorie malnutrition | |
| 98. | When a child is more than two standard deviations underweight for his or her age, the child is suffering from a condition called _____. | |
| A) | stunting | |
| B) | wasting | |
| C) | marasmus | |
| D) | protein calorie malnutrition | |
| 99. | Hasan is 2 years old and does not have enough food. As a result, he has unusual swelling in his face and abdomen, and thin, colorless hair. Hasan is suffering from _____. | |
| A) | kwashiorkor | |
| B) | marasmus | |
| C) | rickets | |
| D) | hypoglycemia | |
| 100. | Lyrissa lives in Africa. She is 9 months old and does not weigh enough due to malnutrition. Her tissues are wasting away. Lyrissa suffers from _____. | |
| A) | rickets | |
| B) | hypoglycemia | |
| C) | kwashiorkor | |
| D) | marasmus | |
| 101. | Based on research about SIDS, caregivers are advised that babies should be _____. | |
| A) | put to sleep on their backs | |
| B) | put to sleep on their stomachs | |
| C) | kept in a very warm bedroom | |
| D) | fed right before being put to bed | |
| 102. | Susan Beal hypothesized that _____ played a role in SIDS deaths. | |
| A) | birth order | |
| B) | ethnicity | |
| C) | sleeping position | |
| D) | parents’ genes | |
| 103. | One risk associated with SIDS is _____. | |
| A) | being born past one’s due date | |
| B) | having a mother who drank alcohol during the pregnancy | |
| C) | putting an infant to sleep on his or her back | |
| D) | using a lambskin blanket | |
Answer Key
| 1. | A |
| 2. | B |
| 3. | C |
| 4. | C |
| 5. | A |
| 6. | B |
| 7. | D |
| 8. | C |
| 9. | D |
| 10. | A |
| 11. | C |
| 12. | D |
| 13. | D |
| 14. | D |
| 15. | C |
| 16. | A |
| 17. | A |
| 18. | C |
| 19. | D |
| 20. | A |
| 21. | A |
| 22. | A |
| 23. | C |
| 24. | C |
| 25. | B |
| 26. | C |
| 27. | D |
| 28. | A |
| 29. | A |
| 30. | D |
| 31. | D |
| 32. | A |
| 33. | C |
| 34. | B |
| 35. | C |
| 36. | D |
| 37. | B |
| 38. | A |
| 39. | B |
| 40. | B |
| 41. | C |
| 42. | A |
| 43. | B |
| 44. | C |
| 45. | A |
| 46. | D |
| 47. | B |
| 48. | C |
| 49. | D |
| 50. | A |
| 51. | B |
| 52. | A |
| 53. | B |
| 54. | C |
| 55. | A |
| 56. | D |
| 57. | C |
| 58. | A |
| 59. | B |
| 60. | B |
| 61. | C |
| 62. | C |
| 63. | D |
| 64. | A |
| 65. | B |
| 66. | A |
| 67. | D |
| 68. | C |
| 69. | D |
| 70. | C |
| 71. | B |
| 72. | D |
| 73. | C |
| 74. | C |
| 75. | B |
| 76. | D |
| 77. | B |
| 78. | C |
| 79. | B |
| 80. | C |
| 81. | A |
| 82. | C |
| 83. | C |
| 84. | B |
| 85. | A |
| 86. | B |
| 87. | A |
| 88. | B |
| 89. | C |
| 90. | D |
| 91. | B |
| 92. | C |
| 93. | C |
| 94. | A |
| 95. | D |
| 96. | D |
| 97. | A |
| 98. | B |
| 99. | A |
| 100. | D |
| 101. | A |
| 102. | C |
| 103. | D |
| 1. | Infants usually double their birthweight by the end of their first year. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 2. | The average American newborn weighs about 8 pounds. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 3. | Between 12 and 24 months, infant growth is generally slower than it was in the first year. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 4. | Most 2-year-olds weigh almost 20 pounds. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 5. | The speed of physical growth in the first year is continued during the second year. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 6. | Two-year-olds are about 20 percent of their adult weight. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 7. | The circumference of the brain increases three times in the first year of life. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 8. | Dendrite growth is the major reason that brain weight triples in the first two years. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 9. | The first part of the brain to develop is the prefrontal cortex. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 10. | Axons and dendrites meet at a synapse. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 11. | At birth, the brain contains more than 100 trillion neurons. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 12. | The temporary increase in the number of dendrites in the first two years of life is known as transient exuberance. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 13. | Pruning neural connections slows neural communication and decreases thinking ability. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 14. | Infants require toys that make noise, play music, beep, and sing in order for their brains to develop adequately. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 15. | Shaking a baby causes neural connections to break and ruptures blood vessels in the brain. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 16. | Self-righting inhibits the brain development of infants who have enriching environments. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 17. | The space between neurons in the brain most likely contributes to complex thinking in humans. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 18. | Research has found that the own-race effect is the result of innate prejudice against those who look unfamiliar. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 19. | Recognition of diverse faces improves with early exposure. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 20. | Brain maturation is the only factor that influences an infant’s sleep patterns. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 21. | The typical newborn sleeps about 15 to 17 hours out of 24. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 22. | Sensation begins when the brain interprets an incoming stimulus. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 23. | In order for sensation to occur, one must be able to understand and comprehend the incoming stimuli. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 24. | Perception takes place in the brain stem. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 25. | Perception requires experience in addition to normal brain functioning. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 26. | Eli is 6 months old. He slaps the water repeatedly each time he is in the bathtub, squealing as the water splashes. His tendency to continue splashing water demonstrates his sensation and his attempt to make sense of it. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 27. | Binocular vision is the ability to focus on objects that are far away. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 28. | Newborns are especially responsive to rhythmic sounds such as a heartbeat. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 29. | In a newborn, vision is better developed than hearing. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 30. | Some herbs and plants contain natural substances that are medicinal, and thus the foods a particular culture eats may aid human survival. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 31. | The food enjoyed in different cultures may hinder human survival. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 32. | It has been proven that infants feel as much pain as adults. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 33. | The five senses serve no purpose in comforting infants. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 34. | A child who begins walking independently at 12 months is close to the average age for accomplishing this skill. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 35. | An example of a fine motor skill is jumping from one foot to the other. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 36. | Henry is demonstrating his gross motor skills when he picks up toasted oats cereal from his high-chair tray. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 37. | Motor skills are used to control actions. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 38. | It is probable that up to 4 billion children born between the years 1950 and 2015 would have died without the institution of public health practices. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 39. | Immunizations are useful in protecting children from diseases but not from the serious complications that result from childhood illness. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 40. | The U.S. Centers for Disease Control recommends annual flu vaccinations for young children, but about 30 percent of parents do not follow that recommendation. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 41. | The thick, high-calorie fluid secreted by the mother’s breasts soon after childbirth is known as breast milk. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 42. | The fats and sugars used in formula make it more digestible than breast milk. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 43. | Stunting is a disease directly caused by malnutrition. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
| 44. | The child’s abdomen typically swells with fluid with the disease called stunting. | |
| A) | True | |
| B) | False | |
Answer Key
| 1. | B |
| 2. | B |
| 3. | A |
| 4. | B |
| 5. | B |
| 6. | A |
| 7. | B |
| 8. | A |
| 9. | B |
| 10. | A |
| 11. | B |
| 12. | A |
| 13. | B |
| 14. | B |
| 15. | A |
| 16. | B |
| 17. | A |
| 18. | B |
| 19. | A |
| 20. | B |
| 21. | A |
| 22. | B |
| 23. | B |
| 24. | B |
| 25. | A |
| 26. | A |
| 27. | B |
| 28. | A |
| 29. | B |
| 30. | A |
| 31. | B |
| 32. | B |
| 33. | B |
| 34. | A |
| 35. | B |
| 36. | B |
| 37. | A |
| 38. | B |
| 39. | B |
| 40. | A |
| 41. | B |
| 42. | B |
| 43. | A |
| 44. | B |
| 1. | Between 12 and 24 months, growth takes place at a _____ rate than in the first year. |
| 2. | Infants typically double their birth weight by the _____ month of life. |
| 3. | _____ are used to interpret variations in the norms of children’s growth. |
| 4. | The nervous system is made up of nerve cells called _____. |
| 5. | The six outer layers of the brain, involved in feeling, thinking, and sensing, are referred to as the _____. |
| 6. | The last area of the brain to mature is the _____. |
| 7. | The fiber that extends from a neuron and transmits electrochemical impulses from that neuron to the dendrites of other neurons is called a(n) _____. |
| 8. | The brain of a(n) _____ is 25 percent of the size of an adult’s, and therefore disproportionately large. |
| 9. | The tendency of brain development to be protected, even when temporary factors affect the body’s growth, is referred to as _____. |
| 10. | A(n) _____ is the intersection where the axon of one neuron meets the dendrites of other neurons. |
| 11. | _____ are the brain chemicals that carry information across the synaptic gap between neurons. |
| 12. | The process of brain development that involves the atrophy and death of connections that are not being used is called _____. |
| 13. | An infant who is deprived of varied stimulation is missing out on some _____ circumstances. |
| 14. | Temporarily rapid growth of dendrites is referred to as _____. |
| 15. | The part of the brain that seems dedicated to the perception of faces is the _____ area. |
| 16. | The own-race effect refers to babies’ superior skill at differentiating faces from their own _____. |
| 17. | _____ is a life-threatening injury that occurs when an infant is forcefully shaken, since this motion ruptures blood vessels in the brain and breaks neural connections. |
| 18. | _____ refers to infants’ inborn ability to remedy deficits in their environments in order to promote their own brains’ development. |
| 19. | Flickering of the closed eyes and rapid brain waves are characteristics of the sleep cycle known as _____. |
| 20. | A dozing, half-awake newborn is experiencing _____ sleep. |
| 21. | Newborns spend quite a lot of time in rapid eye movement sleep. Such sleep is associated with _____. |
| 22. | In Malik’s family, infants sleep beside their parents in a practice known as _____. |
| 23. | Sensation occurs when a sensory system detects a stimulus; _____ occurs when the brain processes this sensory information. |
| 24. | The fetus’s sense of hearing develops during the _____ trimester of pregnancy. |
| 25. | Vision is the _____ mature of the five senses at birth. |
| 26. | The ability to use both eyes together to focus on an object is called _____ vision. |
| 27. | _____ appears to be an effective pain reliever for newborns. |
| 28. | Physical abilities that involve large body movements are _____ skills. |
| 29. | The three factors that combine to allow toddlers to walk are muscle strength, _____, and brain maturation within the motor cortex. |
| 30. | The body part with the most advanced fine motor skills is the _____. |
| 31. | A child’s five senses further three goals: social interaction, comfort, and _____. |
| 32. | Cross-modal perception is more common among young infants because of the relative _____ of their brains. |
| 33. | Worldwide, at least _____ children were born between 1950 and 2015. |
| 34. | The single most important cause of improvement in child survival in the twentieth century is _____. |
| 35. | Each child vaccinated against a disease stops transmission of the disease and thus protects others, a phenomenon called _____. |
| 36. | When breast milk and cow’s milk are compared, _____ milk is found to contain more antibodies against disease. |
| 37. | Three-month-old Eva is at reduced risk for developing obesity, allergies, and asthma because she is fed _____. |
| 38. | Breast milk’s balance of nutrients is ideal for _____ and healthy brain development. |
| 39. | A toddler in a country affected by famine suffers from a protein-calorie deficiency that causes the disease _____. |
| 40. | A 6-month-old girl living in a country affected by famine suffers from a protein-calorie deficiency that causes the disease _____. |
| 41. | The “Back to Sleep” campaign has cut the rate of _____ dramatically. |
Answer Key
| 1. | slower |
| 2. | fourth |
| 3. | Percentiles |
| 4. | neurons |
| 5. | cortex |
| 6. | prefrontal cortex |
| 7. | axon |
| 8. | newborn |
| 9. | head-sparing |
| 10. | synapse |
| 11. | Neurotransmitters |
| 12. | pruning |
| 13. | experience-expectant |
| 14. | transient exuberance |
| 15. | fusiform face |
| 16. | ethnicity; ethnic group |
| 17. | Shaken baby syndrome |
| 18. | Self-righting |
| 19. | REM (rapid eye movement) |
| 20. | transitional |
| 21. | dreaming |
| 22. | co-sleeping (bed-sharing) |
| 23. | perception |
| 24. | last (third) (final) |
| 25. | least |
| 26. | binocular |
| 27. | Sugar (Sucrose) |
| 28. | gross motor |
| 29. | practice |
| 30. | mouth |
| 31. | learning |
| 32. | immaturity |
| 33. | 8 billion |
| 34. | immunization |
| 35. | herd immunity |
| 36. | breast |
| 37. | breast milk |
| 38. | digestion |
| 39. | kwashiorkor |
| 40. | marasmus |
| 41. | SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) |
| 1. | Describe parent/child sleeping practices from two different cultural perspectives. What is the reason for the particular practice in each culture? |
| 2. | Describe how developed each of the five senses is at birth and how they further develop during the first months of life. |
| 3. | Describe what immunizations do for the individual and public health. Tell what might happen if children are not immunized. |
| 4. | List three of the advantages and two of the disadvantages of breast-feeding. |
| 5. | Explain the changes that occur within the infant brain during the first two years of life and discuss the importance of pruning. |
| 6. | Explain the ways in which the developing brain attempts to protect itself under adverse circumstances such as malnutrition or neglect. |
| 7. | Describe the typical changes in weight and length that the average baby will experience across his or her first year of life. Explain the meaning of percentile rankings. |
| 8. | Differentiate between experience-dependent and experience-expectant circumstances and provide one example of each. |
| 9. | Name three ways in which malnutrition can affect a young child. |
| 10. | Explain how biology and environment interact in the development of gross motor skills. What would you advise for parents who are worried that their 14-month-old baby hasn’t begun walking independently yet? |
Answer Key
| 1. | In many U.S. families, infants have traditionally slept in cribs and in their own rooms where they are separated from parental sexual interactions. In these families, the primary concern appears to be about privacy. In contrast, infants in Asia, Africa, and Latin America have often slept with their parents, based on the belief that separating infants from their parents is cruel and that infant crying at night signals distress. Many poor Western families still find ways to create separate baby rooms while many wealthy Japanese families choose to co-sleep. Thus, it appears that these sleeping patterns are influenced more by culture than SES.
|
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| 2. | Each of the five senses is present at birth. Some senses are much more developed than others. Hearing (which begins before the baby is born) is acute at birth; vision is the least-developed sense. An infant has reflexes that respond to touch (such as grasping a person’s finger and turning toward and sucking when someone brushes the child’s cheek). By 4 months, infants have developed perceptions of speech, expecting familiar rhythms and cadences of words. Vision improves rapidly after birth, with binocular vision in place by between 2 and 4 months, so that an infant can focus on a single item. Babies soon learn to prefer familiar touches. Similarly, babies quickly begin to recognize familiar smells—especially the smell of their caregivers—and come to appreciate familiar tastes as they are given spoonfuls of the family’s foods.
|
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| 3. | Immunization is most often an injection that stimulates the body’s immune system to defend against a particular disease or diseases. Immunizations have been instrumental in the sharp decrease and near eradication of many common childhood diseases—smallpox being the best example. Immunization protects not only from temporary sickness but also from complications, including deafness, blindness, sterility, and meningitis. Children who are not immunized against these illnesses are more susceptible to disease, death, and complications from illness that may not be apparent until decades later. However, if approximately 90 percent of a population is immunized, the few children who are not are usually still safe due to herd immunity.
|
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| 4. | Breast-feeding 1) encourages attachment between mother and child, 2) provides antibodies from the mother, 3) is more digestible than cow’s milk, and 4) contains more vitamins and minerals than cow’s milk. 5) Breast-fed babies have fewer allergies, asthma, and stomach aches, too. 6) Babies who are exclusively breast-fed become obese less often and 7) have lower rates of diabetes and heart disease.
The disadvantages of breast-feeding include 1) the potential to transmit teratogens that the mother might ingest, 2) the other family members’ inability to participate with the mother in the feeding, and 3) the inconvenience of feeding on demand.
|
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| 5. | Brain growth is rapid during infancy; it is a time of rapid growth and refinement of axons, dendrites, and synapses, primarily in the cortex. The brain triples in weight in the first two years, largely due to dendrite growth during transient exuberance. Dendrites expand or are pruned based on early experiences; pruning of dendrites actually increases brainpower.
|
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| 6. | The growing brain protects itself through processes including head-sparing, in which the brain is the last part of the body to suffer from malnutrition, and self-righting, the inborn drive to remedy a developmental deficit. For example, 1) infants with no toys develop their brains by playing with whatever objects are available, and 2) infants with neglectful mothers may bond with someone else who provides daily stimulation. However, if a lack of stimulation, neglect, or maltreatment is sustained and severe enough, the brain may not be able to successfully recover from this early adversity.
|
||||||||||||
| 7. | The average baby doubles his or her birthweight by 4 months, and triples it by 1 year. The average baby grows 10 inches in the first year.
Percentiles range from 0 to 100, and indicate where an individual ranks on a particular measure. They allow one to determine whether a particular baby is bigger, smaller, or average in comparison to his or her peers. Babies who are average will score in the 50th percentile for height and weight. Babies who are smaller than average will have a lower percentile rank, and babies who are larger than average will have a higher percentile rank.
|
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| 8. | Experience-dependent circumstances may vary without negatively affecting development. For example, 1) a child’s primary caretaker can be someone other than the mother, or 2) a child may have very simple or few toys. Experience-expectant circumstances must occur in order for development to proceed normally. For example, 1) a child must have a primary caretaker, 2) receive sensory stimulation, and 3) hear spoken language.
|
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| 9. | Children who are malnourished may suffer in multiple ways. 1) If the malnutrition occurs over a long enough period, stunting can occur, making them always short in stature. 2) Their brains may not develop normally. 3) They have no body reserves to help their immune system fight common diseases, resulting in disability, disfigurement, or death. 4) Malnutrition can directly cause some diseases such as marasmus, rickets, and kwashiorkor. 5) Malnutrition can cause children to lack energy, interest, and curiosity, slowing their intellectual and physical development. 6) In severe cases, malnutrition causes death.
|
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| 10. | The development and order of gross motor skills is largely due to biological factors, but that assumes that the environment provides adequate opportunity to practice the precursors for the skills. Since a 14-month-old baby is within the age range of normal for the development of a skill, the parent should be encouraged to provide the opportunity for the skill to develop, and then relax and wait for the skill to emerge.
|
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
