Discovering Psychology The Science of Mind 2nd Edition By John T. - Freberg - Test Bank Instant Download - Complete Test Bank With Answers Sample Questions Are Posted Below 1. Noreen gazes out at the city lights from her 23rd floor apartment; Jonah feels a stinging pain after falling from his bike …
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Discovering Psychology The Science of Mind 2nd Edition By John T. – Freberg – Test Bank
Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
1. Noreen gazes out at the city lights from her 23rd floor apartment; Jonah feels a stinging pain after falling from his bike and scraping his elbow; Maher hears the loud wail of sirens outside his dorm room window. The process that allows Noreen, Jonah, and Maher to detect these external or internal stimuli is termed ____.
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2. College roommates Michelle, Renee, and Kecia are curtain shopping for their new off-campus apartment. They find the perfect set of curtains, but disagree as to their actual color. Michelle states that they are jade; Renee is leaning toward teal; and Kecia insists that they are turquoise. What causes each roommate to have a different interpretation of the color of the curtains?
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3. How do sensory systems differ for humans versus nonhuman animals?
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4. What is true of light detection across species?
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5. Manu suffers from a rare genetic disorder that does not allow incoming light from her eyes to be transmitted to her brain. Because of Manu’s disorder, which process is directly disrupted?
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6. The process of transduction is analogous to ____.
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7. Thad returns home from class on a hot summer’s evening, turns on the air conditioner full blast, and sits down to watch television. His roommate Sean returns home an hour later and wonders how Thad can hear the television above the loud noise of the air conditioner. Thad remarks that he doesn’t even notice the sound. Which process causes the air conditioner to seem louder to Sean than to Thad?
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8. An important gateway to perception is the process of ____, defined as a narrow focus of consciousness.
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9. Professor Radcliffe prepares an exam for her Sensation and Perception class. In a rush, she writes: Proivde the corrcet answres for the following questoins. While quickly proofreading the exam, she misses her mistakes. What caused this oversight?
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10. Celeste moved into her college dorm room today. She turns off her light before going to bed and notices glow-in-the-dark stickers on the ceiling, presumably left behind from the previous occupant. What process best exemplifies her recognition of the light generated by these stickers?
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11. Top-down processing involves the ____.
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12. Bottom-up processing involves the ____.
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13. In the most general terms, the study of sensation and perception is called ________, a term that was first coined by Gustav Fechner.
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14. In the most general terms, the study of sensation and perception is called psychophysics, a term that was first coined by ________.
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15. The smallest amount of stimulus that can be detected at least 50% of the time is known as the ________ threshold.
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16. Seven-year-old Sangram is not allowed to touch the television remote. Nevertheless, he uses the remote to change the volume from level 15 to 17. His parents, who are in the next room, seem unaware. The next day, Sangram becomes bold and turns the volume from level 15 to 30. His father yells at him, “Stop playing with the remote!” What prevented Sangram’s father from noticing the volume change on the previous day?
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17. What are the two steps of signal detection?
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18. Which scenario is likely to result in many hits and a high rate of false alarms?
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19. Devinder is a participant in a research study. She is asked to look at a series of images of black dots scattered in a random order and then identify which images contain at least one gray dot. She ends up greatly underestimating the number of “gray dot” images, illustrating a high number of ____.
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20. Saul is a cytotechnologist in training. He is asked to screen a series of tissue samples for precancerous cells. His supervisor checks his work and determines that Saul greatly overestimated the number of samples containing precancerous cells. This may be due to the fact that Saul lost his mother to cancer early in life, and is extra cautious about missing indications of cancerous cells in the samples. This illustrates ____.
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21. Maria is the victim of an armed robbery. She is called into the police station to identify her assailant from a line-up of men. She correctly reports that none of the men were her attacker. This illustrates the concept of a(n) ____.
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22. Hugo is running an experiment to determine if a specific DNA allele is present in a new transgenic mouse line. He glances through numerous data sets and identifies the correct DNA “band” in the majority of his experiments. This illustrates the concept of a ____.
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23. What important fact supports the idea that vision is one of the most important sensory systems in humans?
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24. Visible light is a type of ____.
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25. The best analogy for light energy is: ____.
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26. Adele is planning to paint the walls in her room over spring break. She studies several color samples and is trying to decide between yellow, green, and blue hues. What light wave attribute allows Adele to differentiate between these colors?
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27. Adele decides to paint her room green. She studies several bright green and pastel green color samples. What attribute of the light wave allows Adele to differentiate between these light intensities?
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28. The clear surface at the front of the eye that begins the process of directing light to the retina is the ____.
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29. Marcella gets up early, turns on the light in the bathroom, and watches herself in the mirror as the blue ring of her eyes constrict. What is this blue ring called?
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30. Which feature of the eye is analogous to a hole in the center of a donut?
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31. Which structure of the eye is responsible for detecting light?
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32. After suffering an eye injury during a lacrosse match, Gregg is forced to wear an eye patch. In addition to problems with depth perception, Gregg’s ophthalmologist tells him that his blind spot will be more evident. Which structure of the eye has been affected with regard to his blind spot?
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33. An area of the retina that is specialized for fine detailed vision is referred to as the ____.
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34. In what orientation are images projected onto the retina?
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35. How do rods differ from cones in the retina?
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36. Of the following, who is likely to have the most rods activated in the retina?
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37. How does the brain process visual information?
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38. Where does the optic nerve cross the midline?
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39. What is the role of the amygdala in processing visual information?
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40. Seth is involved in an automobile accident and suffers damage to his parietal lobe. How may this affect his ability to process visual information?
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41. The primary colors of light are ____.
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42. One theory of color vision is based on the existence of different types of cones for the detection of short, medium, and long wavelengths. What is this theory?
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43. The world perceived by Matteo is very different than the world perceived by most; he can only see black, white, or shades of gray. What can we conclude about Matteo?
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44. As a young child, Terrence struggled in school. After being diagnosed with “colorblindness”—meaning that he perceives colors differently—his teachers were able to address his learning difficulties. What can we conclude about Terrence?
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45. Our perception of color is best described by which of the following processes?
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46. What anatomical feature of the retina supports the opponent theory of color recognition?
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47. While attempting to overcome writer’s block, Devin stares at her yellow, green, and white striped journal. When she finally returns to her blank computer screen, she sees a blue, red, and black striped afterimage. Which theory best explains the afterimage that Devin sees?
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48. What is a critique of the feature detector model of object recognition?
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49. The mathematical approach to object recognition suggests that we ____.
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50. In terms of object recognition, the simplest patterns of lines are gratings, which can vary in two dimensions: ____.
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51. Pamela watches her cat Mr. Big swat his paw at the wall and calls out, “Crazy Big, what are you swatting at; nothing is there.” How would you explain the fact that Mr. Big can see something that Pamela cannot?
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52. Which statement is most consistent with the Gestalt psychology point of view?
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53. According to Gestalt psychologists, we recognize objects in part by ____.
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54. On a class trip to the Art Institute of Chicago, Sami is entranced by the painting, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, by Georges-Pierre Seurat. He is amazed that although the painting is constructed of individual dots of color, the objects in the painting are easily recognizable. According to Gestalt psychology, which of the following best explains this phenomenon?
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55. At the House of Reptiles, 3-year-old Sinead is intrigued by a motionless python snake in a large cage with three parallel viewing windows. Sinead cries out, “Look mommy, a snake!” According to Gestalt psychology, how does Sinead know that the snake is not broken into individual segments?
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56. Leo works tirelessly on a new logo for his flower shop. He decides on a simple pattern: five petal shapes (set in a circular path) and a long stem. Despite the fact that Leo does not include a center circle and his shapes are disconnected, the logo is easily recognizable as a flower with a large center disk. What Gestalt principle best explains this phenomenon?
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57. Constructed by Adelbert Ames, the Ames room illustrates vulnerabilities in our perception of ____.
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58. To construct a three-dimensional image, we ____.
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59. Persis is a summer intern at a new video game software company, Generation Z Gamers. She is working on three-dimensional landscapes for a new role-playing video game Submarine Adventures. As her supervisor, what advice can you give Persis to help her create the illusion of three dimensions?
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60. One of the most powerful monocular depth cues is ____.
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61. The best term to describe how the monocular depth cue of occlusion works would be ________.
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62. According to the Müller-Lyer illusion, we tend to see lines with outward-pointing arrowheads as ____.
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63. Ginger examines a painting of a stone path extending into the horizon of a field. Two sticks lie horizontally across the path: one in the beginning of the path and the other near the horizon. Each stick measures 10 cm in length, but the stick near the horizon appears much larger than the stick at the beginning of the path. Which illusion explains this phenomenon?
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64. Why does the moon appear to be much larger when it is just above the hills on the horizon than when it is straight overhead?
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65. Tarik is designing a new race car video game. To create the illusion of depth, how should Tarik design the backdrop in relationship to the first person driver?
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66. The difference between the images projected onto each eye is referred to as ____.
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67. Why is the binocular depth system advantageous for predators?
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68. The ability of an infant to use a binocular depth cue to use the relative size of objects to determine their distance first appears around _______ months of age.
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69. Ruth is 78 years of age, and recently reported to her ophthalmologist that she has developed some changes in the way she sees colors. Which of the following age-related changes to the eye might best explain her experience?
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70. For his creative writing class, Dorian writes a short story about the adventures and perils of space travel. As he describes an epic space battle between two enemy ships, Dorian portrays the battle fought in an eerie silence. Why is Dorian correct that an otherwise noisy battle would produce no sound in space?
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71. A high-amplitude, high-frequency sound wave is perceived as ____.
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72. What type of sound is particularly effective for many marine mammals because it allows sound to travel for very long distances in water?
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73. Before entering the auditory canal, sound waves are funneled into the outer ear via the ____.
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74. In the middle ear, the purpose of three tiny bones located in the middle ear is to ____.
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75. Which structure of the ear contains the auditory receptors?
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76. What portion of the organ of Corti transduces sound energy into neural signals?
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77. Dr. Tanner is studying the effects of continuous pesticide exposure on auditory function. Using a rodent model, Dr. Tanner monitors the organ of Corti in rats with long-term pesticide exposure via two-photon microscopy. Based on his observations, he suspects that pesticides do indeed disrupt auditory function in the organ of Corti. What did Dr. Tanner observe?
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78. How do hair cells stimulate the auditory nerve?
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79. Kathy, a neuroscience graduate student, is running the final experiments for her thesis, The Effects of Loud Noise on Auditory Perception. Kathy stimulates the auditory nerve of rodents exposed to loud noise and records the activity of neurons in the primary and secondary cortices. Through which brain pathway is sound input processed prior to arriving at the primary and secondary cortices?
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80. When Genaya drops a plate in the kitchen, her roommate Kayla in the next room quickly turns her head toward the kitchen. What brain structure is responsible for Kayla reflexively turning her head toward the loud noise?
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81. According to the place theory of pitch perception, how do sound waves affect the basilar membrane?
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82. The place theory of perception uses the analogy of ____ to explain how we hear different pitches.
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83. What is a critique of the place theory of sound perception?
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84. How does our perception of sound change with intensity of the stimulus?
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85. Over the summer break, Jed earns extra cash working as a salesman at Sensational Sound Systems. As one of the most knowledgeable salesmen on staff, Jed tells a young couple shopping for a sound system that the more expensive models are worth the money because they ____.
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86. Our primary method for localizing sound in the horizontal plane is ____.
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87. According to research studies, what heavily skews our perception of the localization of sound?
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88. What plays an especially significant role in the perception of music and speech?
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89. Which is an example of top-down processing in the perception of speech?
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90. Sensations of body position, touch, skin temperature, and pain are referred to as ____.
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91. How do somatosensory stimuli differ from visual or auditory stimuli?
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92. How did the transition from walking on four legs to two legs influence the evolution of human somatosenses?
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93. Alicia climbs into the passenger side of her boyfriend Bo’s car. In an attempt to impress Alicia, Bo speeds away from the curb as Alicia’s head presses against the headrest. What allows Alicia to sense this linear acceleration?
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94. The movement of hair cells in the vestibular system results in the production of signals in the auditory nerve. Where do the axons of the auditory nerve then form connections?
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95. In humans, information from the vestibular system is tightly integrated with ____ processing.
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96. While working to restore the roof of his house, Stan feels the rough surfaces of the roof’s shingles. What allows Stan to sense the roughness of the shingles?
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97. Information about touch travels from the skin directly to the ____.
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98. The ________ cortex in the brain contains the primary somatosensory cortex which, among other jobs, processes one’s perception of touch.
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99. What is the purpose of a sensory homunculus?
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100. Doug lost his left leg in an automobile accident several months ago. He tells his wife that when he was shaving his face one morning, he felt the same scraping sensation on his missing leg. What may account for Doug’s phantom limb sensation?
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101. While hanging up a picture, Joy hits her thumb with a hammer, causing agonizing pain. Joy immediately puffs out her cheeks and blows air onto her thumb over and over again. Her roommate Bethany laughs and then remarks, “Are you drying nail polish or hoping to blow away the pain?” However, Joy’s thumb does in fact feel better. Why?
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102. Which theory suggests that input from touch fibers competes with input from pain receptors, possibly preventing pain messages from reaching the brain?
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103. After you rough bump part of your body—say your shin or your “funny bone”—into something and experience pain as a result, you may help to decrease that sense of pain by rubbing the injured area. The _______ theory provides some insight as to why rubbing the area helps to lower the pain that you feel.
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104. What evidence best illustrates that the perception of pain is influenced by experience?
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105. Of the five different human sensory systems, famed philosopher Immanuel Kant considered ________ to be the most dispensable.
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106. What type of stimuli are responsible for olfaction and gustation?
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107. How does the input of olfactory information to the brain differ from other sensory input pathways?
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108. Isabella is a judge at the campus’s annual Fine Foods Fair. She has an excellent palate and is able to easily distinguish between the four major categories of taste (sweet, sour, bitter, and salty) as well as the fifth, less familiar category of taste, known by the ____.
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109. Small bumps on the tongue that contain taste buds are referred to as ____.
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110. Heather considers herself a “chocoholic.” When she is having a bad day, she knows that a few bites of chocolate will always make her feel better. Which area of her brain is responsible for this effect?
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111. Kevin is a participant in a taste-off as part of his campus’s Greek Week. He is blindfolded and his nose is pinched off with a clothespin. He is asked to taste a slice of apple and a slice of raw potato. Kevin is likely to ____.
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112. Juliet is only 2 days old. She is shown several different pictures. Which would she be most likely to stare at for the longest?
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113. As people age, what alters their perception of color?
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114. Cavin recently began wearing prescription glasses after her ophthalmologist informed her that she is affected by astigmatism. She learns that this is caused by ____.
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115. Why are Westerners more likely than people from New Guinea or India to see the Müller-Lyer illusion?
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116. What were the results of a study that tracked the eye movements of American and Chinese college students as they scanned photographs?
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117. What is the evidence that hearing begins well before birth?
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118. Jenni’s 72-year-old grandfather has difficulty understanding her when she speaks, but he seems to understand her father much better. Why might this be?
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119. Noel has perfect pitch, which means that she can name any musical tone that she hears. Compared with other people, Noel is likely to have ____.
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120. When scientists artificially alter recordings of speech to resemble regular, repeating sine waves, people typically interpret this as ____.
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121. Three-year-old-Joshua spits out his broccoli, scrunches his face and shouts, “Yuck!” His mother can’t understand why he has such a distaste for broccoli, because she finds it to be rather bland. Why might Joshua and his mother have such different reactions to the taste of broccoli?
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122. In combat veterans, the experience of posttraumatic stress disorder appears to interact with which sense?
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123. Compared with other cultures, how do Americans tend to differ in their odor categorization?
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124. What is the evidence that the effects of experience on taste begin in the prenatal environment?
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125. Describe the concepts of sensory adaptation, bottom-up processing, and top-down processing, and provide an example of how perception is shaped by each of these processes.
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126. Describe how light enters the eye and how the major structures of the eye process this light. Include a brief description of how information from light is sensed by the eye before transmission to the brain.
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127. Describe how sound waves are transmitted from the outer ear to the auditory nerve.
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Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
