Ecology Concepts And Applications 7Th Edition By Manuel Molles - Test Bank

Ecology Concepts And Applications 7Th Edition By Manuel Molles – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 05

Temperature Relations

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Metabolic heat (H_m) is the heat
   A.energy intake an organism must have for movement.
   B. released during cellular respiration.
   C. energy needed in order to undergo cellular respiration.
   D. energy loss due to evaporation.
   E. None of the choices are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.02 Outline the process of thermoregulation using an equation that includes all major sources heat gain and loss.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

2. Getting up from your chair you realize that it is warm. What is the method of heat exchange?
   A.conduction
   B. convection
   C. evaporation
   D. radiation
   E. None of the choices are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Compare thermoregulation by endotherms and ectotherms.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

 

3. It is a very hot day, and you jump into a lake to cool off. What is the method of heat exchange?
   A.conduction
   B. radiation
   C. evaporation
   D. convection
   E. None of the choices are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Compare thermoregulation by endotherms and ectotherms.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

4. It’s a hot summer day, and you begin to sweat. What is the method of heat exchange?
   A.conduction
   B. convection
   C. evaporation
   D. radiation
   E. None of the choices are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Compare thermoregulation by endotherms and ectotherms.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

5. In general, reptiles are considered to be a/an?
   A.poikilotherm
   B. homeotherm
   C. endotherm
   D. heterotherm
   E. two of the choices are correct

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Define the terms poikilotherm, ectotherm, endotherm, and homeotherm.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

 

6. All of the following are components that influence a microclimate except:
   A.burrows.
   B. vegetation.
   C. ground color.
   D. topography.
   E. None of the choices are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 List the major factors contributing to microclimatic differences.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Homeostasis

7. According to Kidron, Barzilay, and Sachs’ research on the dune slopes of the Negev Desert, moss would most likely be found on _________ facing slopes due to _________.
   A.south; decreased evaporation rates
   B. south; increased evaporation rates
   C. north; increased evaporation rates
   D. north; decreased evaporation rates
   E. Moss does not grow in the Negev Desert.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 List the major factors contributing to microclimatic differences.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Homeostasis

8. How are the studies performed on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the moss Pleurozium schreberi and the desert shrub Atriplex lentiformis similar?
   A.Both studies examine the effects of microclimates.
   B. Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range.
   C. Both studies are coupled to enzymatic activity.
   D. Both studies examine the effects of microclimates and studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range.
   E. Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range and are coupled to enzymatic activity.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.03.04 Discuss how evidence that organisms are adapted to a restricted range of temperatures supports the principle of allocation.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Homeostasis

 

9. When an organism becomes acclimated to a new environmental situation; it will generally involve
   A.physiological changes.
   B. genetic changes.
   C. sociological changes.
   D. both physiological changes and genetic changes.
   E. both genetic changes and sociological changes.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.02.03 Explain the significance of the principle of allocation to the evolutionary process of adaptation.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Homeostasis

10. Which of the following are mismatched?
    A.psychrophile: salt-loving microbe
    B. thermophile: heat-loving microbe
    C. poikilotherm: ectotherm
    D. homeotherm: endotherm
    E. None of the choices are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Define the terms poikilotherm, ectotherm, endotherm, and homeotherm.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

11. Desert plants can prevent overheating by utilizing all of the following temperature regulating methods except:
    A.paraheliotropism.
    B. decreasing rates of radiative heating.
    C. decreasing conductive heating.
    D. increasing evaporative cooling.
    E. increasing convective cooling.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Compare thermoregulation by endotherms and ectotherms.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

 

12. The arctic and alpine cushion plants and the Camnula grasshopper both use __________________ to aid in thermoregulation.
    A.countercurrent heat exchange mechanisms
    B. endothermic methods
    C. increased water retention
    D. torpor
    E. dark pigmentation

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Compare thermoregulation by endotherms and ectotherms.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

13. Which of the following survival mechanisms is/are best suited for intense heat and drought?
    A.hibernation
    B. torpor
    C. estivation
    D. both hibernation and torpor
    E. both torpor and estivation

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.05.01 Distinguish between torpor, hibernation, and estivation.
Section: 05.05
Topic: Homeostasis

14. Torpor and hibernation share all of the following except:
    A.duration.
    B. decreased body temperature.
    C. decreased metabolic rate.
    D. decreased energy demand.
    E. None of the choices are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.05.01 Distinguish between torpor, hibernation, and estivation.
Section: 05.05
Topic: Homeostasis

 

15. Bluefin tuna and mackerel sharks are considered to be endothermic fish because their
    A.lateral swim muscles heat cool venous blood, thereby elevating their body temperature above the surrounding water temperature.
    B. abdominal swim muscles heat cool venous blood, thereby matching their body temperature to the surrounding water temperature.
    C. lateral swim muscles cool warm arterial blood, thereby elevating their body temperature above the surrounding water temperature.
    D. lateral swim muscles heat cool arterial blood, thereby elevating their body temperature above the surrounding water temperature.
    E. lateral swim muscles heat cool arterial blood, thereby matching their body temperature to the surrounding water temperature.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.04.04 Explain the difficulty of being an endotherm in an aquatic environment.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

16. Dolphins use __________________ to conserve body heat.
    A.concurrent heat exchange
    B. countercurrent heat exchange
    C. thoracic muscles
    D. diet
    E. All of the choices are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.04.04 Explain the difficulty of being an endotherm in an aquatic environment.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

17. Mammalian and avian aquatic endotherms use all of the following mechanisms to thermoregulate except:
    A.fat
    B. internal respiratory systems
    C. fur or feathers
    D. concurrent heat exchange
    E. countercurrent heat exchange

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.04.04 Explain the difficulty of being an endotherm in an aquatic environment.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

 

18. Most insects use external sources of heat to achieve their operative temperature range. Heinrich’s research on the sphinx moth (Manduca sexta) indicates that some insects can thermoregulate by using their flight muscles and
    A.using their blood as a coolant.
    B. decreasing their metabolic rate.
    C. possessing an internal respiratory system.
    D. using a countercurrent heat exchange mechanism.
    E. using a concurrent heat exchange mechanism.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Compare thermoregulation by endotherms and ectotherms.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

19. The body temperature of ____________ varies directly with the environment.
    A.homeotherms
    B. poikilotherms
    C. psychrotherms
    D. envirotherms
    E. microtherms

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Define the terms poikilotherm, ectotherm, endotherm, and homeotherm.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

20. Research indicates that the broad tailed hummingbird will enter into torpor
    A.if a minimum surrounding air temperature is met.
    B. during a summer drought.
    C. if their body fat drops below 15%.
    D. if darkness exceeds daylight hours.
    E. if insufficient nectar is obtained.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.05.03 Explain the central role of energy availability in torpor and hibernation.
Section: 05.05
Topic: Homeostasis

 

21. The arctic flower, Dryas integrifolia, regulates the temperature of its reproductive structures by
    A.sun-tracking behavior.
    B. increasing its metabolic rate.
    C. dark petal coloration.
    D. both sun-tracking behavior and increasing its metabolic rate.
    E. both increasing its metabolic rate and dark petal coloration.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.00.02 Explain the ecological significance of environmental temperatures.
Section: 05.00
Topic: Homeostasis

22. The thermal stability of aquatic environments is a result of the ______.
    A.high specific heat of water
    B. low latent heat of vaporization of water
    C. low latent heat of fusion of water
    D. All of the choices are correct.
    E. both high specific heat of water and low latent heat of vaporization of water

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 List the major factors contributing to microclimatic differences.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Homeostasis

23. You are a student working in the laboratory of a researcher who studies rainbow trout. A power outage over the weekend results in temperatures of over 25°C in the large pools which house the fish. When you arrive Monday morning you notice the fish are swimming on their sides or swimming in spirals. What conclusions can you draw?
    A.the fish are suffering thermal stress
    B. the fish are experiencing improper neuronal function
    C. the affinity of acetylcholinesterase for acetylcholine is reduced
    D. the temperature of the water is affecting fish enzyme shape and flexibility
    E. All of the choices are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 List several measures of animal, plant and microbial performance.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Homeostasis

 

24. Research suggests that the localized extinction of several species of land snails near Basal, Switzerland was due to:
    A.genetic mutation.
    B. toxic water source.
    C. climatic warming.
    D. exotic predator.
    E. loss of habitat.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.Applications.03 Review the evidence that temperature changes around the city of Basel are responsible for local extinctions of the snail Arianta arbustorm
Section: Applications
Topic: Homeostasis

25. How does the skunk cabbage maintain the temperature of its inflorescence 15°C to 35°C above air ambient temperature?
    A.metabolizing starch at a very high rate
    B. orienting the inflorescence perpendicular to the sun’s rays
    C. maintaining a bowl shape which reflects and concentrates solar energy
    D. maintaining a cushion shape
    E. extending its inflorescence along the ground to maximize conductive heat gain

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Compare thermoregulation by endotherms and ectotherms.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

26. The leaves of many desert plants are covered with a dense coating of white plant hairs. These hairs reduce their _____ gain.
    A.H_cd
    B. H_cv
    C. H_m
    D. H_r
    E. both H_cd and H_cv

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Compare thermoregulation by endotherms and ectotherms.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

 

27. The thermal neutral zone of a homeothermic animal is
    A.the temperature range at which conductive heat gain and convective heat loss are equal.
    B. the temperature range at which psychrophilic and thermophilic enzymes are both operating.
    C. the temperature range at which the metabolizable energy intake equals metabolizable energy output.
    D. the temperature range over which the metabolic rate does not change.
    E. None of the choices are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Compare thermoregulation by endotherms and ectotherms.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

28. Animals that rely mainly on external sources of energy for regulating body temperature are called
    A.epitherms.
    B. endotherms.
    C. ectotherms.
    D. peritherms.
    E. intertherms.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Define the terms poikilotherm, ectotherm, endotherm, and homeotherm.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

 

True / False Questions

29. Macroclimates and microclimates vary only slightly from one another in terms of temperature and moisture.
    FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Distinguish between temperature and heat.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Homeostasis

 

30. Aquatic environments show less temperature variations than terrestrial environments.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 List the major factors contributing to microclimatic differences.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Homeostasis

31. Homeothermic organisms use a significant portion of their metabolic energy for endothermy.
    TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Compare thermoregulation by endotherms and ectotherms.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

32. Poikilothermic organisms can allocate less energy into biomass production compared to homeothermic organisms.
    FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Compare thermoregulation by endotherms and ectotherms.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

33. Plants, unlike animals, cannot thermoregulate.
    FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Compare thermoregulation by endotherms and ectotherms.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis

 

34. According to Levins’ principle of allocation, adaptation (higher fitness) to one environment results in reduced fitness in another environment.
    FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.02.01 Define the principle of allocation.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Homeostasis

 

Fill in the Blank Questions

35. An animal will use different ____________________ to maintain an optimum operative temperature range.
    microclimates

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Compare thermoregulation by endotherms and ectotherms.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homeostasis