Essentials of Criminal Justice 9th Edition by Larry J. Siegel - Test Bank

Essentials of Criminal Justice 9th Edition by Larry J. Siegel – Test Bank

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

True / False
1. College degrees may have little direct impact on promotion potentials for police officers.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: p. 113
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
2. The average police officer can expect to make between 10 and 15 arrests per month for serious crimes.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: p. 114
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.02 – Articulate the complexities of the police role
3. The detective bureau is considered the backbone of policing.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: p. 114
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.05 – Explain what forensics is and what forensics experts do for
police
4. Creating a feeling of security is one of the major purposes of police patrol.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: p. 114-115
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
5. Proactive policing is a cornerstone of community policing.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: p. 116
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.03 – Explain the limitation of patrol and methods for improving itPowered by Cognero Page 1Chapter 05 : The Police
6. One reason for investigative ineffectiveness is that there are too many competing interests to solve a case within
the police department.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: p. 112
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.05 – Explain what forensics is and what forensics experts do for
police
7. Vice squads target violent crime.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: p. 114
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.05 – Explain what forensics is and what forensics experts do for
police
8. Evaluations of foot patrol indicate that it lowers crime rates.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: p. 118-119
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.03 – Explain the limitation of patrol and methods for improving it
9. Length of investigation is associated with success of investigation operations.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: p. 112
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.05 – Explain what forensics is and what forensics experts do for
police
10. According to the “broken windows” concept, police need citizen cooperation.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: p. 115-118
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.03 – Explain the limitation of patrol and methods for improving itPowered by Cognero Page 2Chapter 05 : The Police
11. Most police agencies are administratively conservative due to the time in rank system.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: PG 113
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
12. After assuming their duties, new police recruits are automatically placed in the field to practice what they have
learned in the academy and no additional training is required at that time.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: p.133
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.09 – Be familiar with the various police support functions.
13. One of the goals of fusion centers is to create new exams to screen for qualified police applicants.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: p.132
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.08 – Explain intelligence-led policing and various means by which it
occurs
14. Among the most publicized community policing concepts is that of intelligence led policing.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: p.125
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.08 – Explain intelligence-led policing and various means by which it
occurs
15. Crime scene investigation involves the use of complex instruments and of chemical, physical, and microscopic
examining techniques.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: p.124
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.05 – Explain what forensics is and what forensics experts do for
policePowered by Cognero Page 3Chapter 05 : The Police
Multiple Choice
16. As a result of an increase in violent behavior during the 19th Century in America, early Criminal Justice agencies;
a. Rarely worked together in a systematic fashion
b. Worked together to create a seamless process of arrest and punishment
c. Appointed President Lyndon Johnson to the Wickersham Commission
d. Were primarily created in Washington D.C and Virginia
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: p.111
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
17. Regardless of the size of the policing organization this person has general administrative control and sets policy for
all of the department’s operating branches
a. Democratic Appointee b. CompStat
c. Chief of Police d. Chief of Hot Spots
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: p. 112
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
18. How do most municipal police departments determine promotion eligibility?
a. Intelligence testing b. Physical agility
c. Arrest performance d. Time-in-rank
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: p. 112
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
19. The time-in-rank system used in police departments often discourages the:
a. recruitment and hiring of college-educated officers.
b. recruitment and hiring of minority officers.
c. transfer of experienced officers to other departments.
d. use of a military-like organizational structure.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: p. 112
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departmentsPowered by Cognero Page 4Chapter 05 : The Police
20. More than half of the contact that police officers engage in with civilians is spent?
a. Catching Criminals b. handling traffic related matters
c. Ferreting out drug deals d. Investigating crime
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: p. 113
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
21. UCR data suggests that the average police officer makes less than one felony arrest every ____ months.
a. 2 b. 4
c. 6 d. 8
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: p. 114
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.02 – Articulate the complexities of the police role
22. Which of the following is not one of the major purposes of police patrol?
a. Deter crime through police presence
b. Aid individuals who cannot help themselves
c. Facilitate the movement of traffic and people
d. Issue arrest warrants
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: p. 114-115
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.02 – Articulate the complexities of the police role
23. Jurisdictions that encourage patrol officers to aggressively arrest and detain suspicious persons experience lower
crime rates than other jurisdictions that do not practice this type of policing?
a. Reactive b. Neighborhood Snitching
c. Preventive d. Proactive
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: p. 116
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.02 – Articulate the complexities of the police role
24. While there are many goals of patrol, most police experts agree that the majority of police patrol efforts are
devoted to:
a. crime fighting. b. order maintenance.
c. responding to emergencies. d. deterring crime.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: p. 115
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departmentsPowered by Cognero Page 5Chapter 05 : The Police
25. What was the principle finding of the Kansas City study?
a. It is significant what type of patrol model you implement.
b. There is little evidence that police patrol deters crime.
c. Patrol techniques can have a significant impact on citizens’ attitudes.
d. Patrol techniques can significantly impact citizens’ satisfaction with police.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: p.116
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
26. ____ policing is a department policy that emphasizes stopping crimes before they occur rather than reacting to
crimes that have already occurred.
a. Community b. Proactive
c. Deterrent d. Reactive
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: p.116
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
27. Based on research like the Kansas City study, what is the prevailing wisdom on preventive patrols?
a. The number of patrol cars on the street and their visibility to citizens has little impact on the crime rate.
b. More patrol cars on the street can deter specific types of crime, such as motor vehicle theft and vandalism.
c. Fewer patrol cars on the street results in higher crime rates.
d. Patrol cars should be assigned to a reactive response mode only.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: p. 116
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
28. Aggressive patrol in New York City during the 1990s has been credited with a reduction in:
a. prostitution b. violent crime
c. drug dealing d. property crime
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: p. 116
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departmentsPowered by Cognero Page 6Chapter 05 : The Police
29. The Kansas City Gun Experiment is an example of:
a. problem-oriented policing.
b. community policing.
c. reactive patrolling.
d. a police crackdown targeting a specific type of crime problem.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: p. 115
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
30. Which of the following is a method of improving patrol?
a. Aggressive patrol b. Targeting specific crimes
c. Making more arrests d. All of these
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: p. 114-116
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
31. The statement “Aggressive policing increases community perception that police arrest many criminals and
therefore most violators get caught” is an example of what?
a. a deterrent effect b. a proactive effect
c. an aggressive effect d. sheer luck
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: p. 116
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
32. What was a result of the Kansas City Gun Experiment?
a. There was a measurable effect on gun crimes in the target area during the experiment.
b. Assaults on police officers increased in the target area.
c. Gun crimes in the target area marginally increased.
d. Gun crimes were displaced to contiguous beats.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: p. 115
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departmentsPowered by Cognero Page 7Chapter 05 : The Police
33. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Criminal investigation is a key element of police work.
b. Detectives are often handicapped by limited time, money, and resources.
c. Modern criminal investigators are usually knowledgeable about legal rules of evidence and procedure.
d. All of these statements are true
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: p. 120-123
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.05 – Explain what forensics is and what forensics experts do for
police
34. The vice squad specializes in:
a. violent crime b. property crime
c. crimes of public morals d. sex crime
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: p. 121
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.05 – Explain what forensics is and what forensics experts do for
police
35. What is the term used to describe organized groups of detectives who deceive criminals into openly committing
illegal acts or conspiring to engage in criminal activity?
a. Detective bureau b. Sting operations
c. Community policing d. Proactive patrol
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: p. 121
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.05 – Explain what forensics is and what forensics experts do for
police
36. In Martin Innes’ study of investigation techniques he found that police rely heavily on _________ that includes
canvas of neighborhoods, interviews with friends/family and constructing victim/suspect timelines to solve a crime.
a. Specific Focus b. General coverage
c. Technology and Crime Mapping d. PERF
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: p. 121
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.05 – Explain what forensics is and what forensics experts do for
policePowered by Cognero Page 8Chapter 05 : The Police
37. Which of the following is a commonly cited source of ineffective investigation?
a. Length of investigation
b. Poor sources of information
c. Poor follow-up on initial calls for service
d. All of the above
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: p. 122
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.05 – Explain what forensics is and what forensics experts do for
police
38. Community policing is often exemplified by which of the following models?
a. Broken windows b. Shattered promises
c. Urban decay d. Urban blight
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: p. 117
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.04 – Summarize the investigation function
39. Which of the following is not a fundamental assumption of the broken windows model?
a. Neighborhood disorder creates fear.
b. Neighborhoods can give out crime-promoting signals.
c. Police require citizen cooperation.
d. Reactive patrol is necessary.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: p. 117-118
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.03 – Explain the limitation of patrol and methods for improving it
40. Which of the following is not a focus of community policing?
a. Order maintenance b. Emergency service
c. Crime fighting d. Problem solving
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: p. 125-126
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.03 – Explain the limitation of patrol and methods for improving itPowered by Cognero Page 9Chapter 05 : The Police
41. Community oriented policing links police effectiveness to:
a. productive interaction with the community being served.
b. interrelationships between cooperative police agencies.
c. efficient utilization of existing personnel.
d. optimized usage of advanced technology.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: p. 125-126
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.03 – Explain the limitation of patrol and methods for improving it
42. Which of the following police operations best exemplifies community oriented policing?
a. A sting operation where officers pose as fences of stolen property
b. Creation of a well armed SWAT team trained in hostage negotiation
c. Computerized data terminals installed on the dash of all patrol cars
d. The hiring of bilingual officers to patrol ethnic neighborhoods
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: p. 127-128
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.04 – Summarize the investigation function
43. What have evaluations of foot patrol programs in New Jersey and Michigan demonstrated?
a. The crime rate went down in foot patrol beats.
b. The crime rate went up in foot patrol beats.
c. Officer job satisfaction increased.
d. Citizen attitudes toward the police improved.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: p. 106-112
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
44. The concept of hot spots of crime is most closely associated with which model of policing?
a. Community-oriented policing (COP)
b. Neighborhood oriented policing (NOP)
c. Problem-oriented policing (POP)
d. Police-community relations (PCR)
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: p. 112
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.08 – Explain intelligence-led policing and various means by which it
occursPowered by Cognero Page 10Chapter 05 : The Police
45. What is Operation Ceasefire?
a. A problem-oriented policing program in Boston to get guns off the street
b. A community-oriented policing program in Chicago aimed at auto theft
c. A crime mapping program in Dallas designed to plot gun crimes
d. A civilian review board initiative in New York
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: p. 128
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.08 – Explain intelligence-led policing and various means by which it
occurs
Madalyn has just gotten her degree in information systems. After graduation she decides to go to the police
academy. She believes that working for the police and combining her knowledge of computers would be a great
niche field to be in.
46. A job posting for a senior computer technician is posted within the police. With her degree in information systems,
Madalyn applies and is sure she will be welcomed with open arms into the job. The most likely reason she wouldn’t
get the job is because:
a. females are treated differently in policing
b. the time in rank system
c. more women are needed to handle female criminals on the streets
d. patrol is the backbone of the police department
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: p.114
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
47. Madalyn has always wanted to be police officer. She cannot wait to be on the street and chasing down bad guys. In
her first month on the job, she makes 2 arrests and there were no chases. What is the most logical reason why?
a. females are treated differently in policing
b. police engage in many non-crime related activities
c. investigation is a key role that police officers fulfill
d. according to the UCR, crime rates are decreasing
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: p.113-114
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.02 – Articulate the complexities of the police rolePowered by Cognero Page 11Chapter 05 : The Police
48. When Madalyn is on patrol, she focuses on stopping motor vehicles and aggressively arresting and detaining suspects
that pose issues to the community. This concept is called;
a. proactive policing
b. selective enforcement
c. full enforcement
d. hot spot policing
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: p.116
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.03 – Explain the limitation of patrol and methods for improving it
49. Madalyn’s department is trying something new to fight crime. Her orders are to maintain a presence in the
community, get to know the business owners and residents and gain their trust. Why would she do this as part of her
police duties?
a. aggressive policing increases crime
b. technology has made the police cold and impersonal
c. police need community cooperation to reduce fear and crime
d. this is the main role of patrol officers
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: p.117
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.03 – Explain the limitation of patrol and methods for improving it
50. What doesn’t Madalyn do as a a patrol officer?
a. arrest suspects
b. ‘handle the situation’
c. gather evidence
d. order maintenance
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: p.114-121
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.04 – Summarize the investigation functionPowered by Cognero Page 12Chapter 05 : The Police
Gary is a police officer who is also a forensic scientist. Currently, his job is in the crime lab and includes processing
fingerprints, examining blood spatter evidence and testing evidence for DNA. One day he would like to work for the
civil justice system instead of the criminal justice system.
51. Which duty would Gary perform in civil justice more often than what he does as a criminal forensic scientist?
a. handwriting analysis
b. toxicology
c. trace evidence
d. study law enforcement tactics
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: p.123-124
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.05 – Explain what forensics is and what forensics experts do for
police
52. Although Gary currently works in the crime lab, he has noticed that the role of policing is changing in his
department. He has seen his fellow officers do more patrolling, problem solving and there has been a shift from the
traditional top down management approach . What is his department’s focus now?
a. getting back to patrolling as a central function
b. community oriented policing
c. problem oriented policing
d. watchman style policing
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: p.124-127
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.07 – Discuss the concept of problem-oriented policing
53. Gary has been re-assigned to a patrol unit that is focused on reducing youth crime by saturating the area with police
officers. What type of policing has Gary become part of?
a. community oriented policing
b. hot spot policing
c. aggressive policing
d. problem oriented policing
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: p.128-129
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.07 – Discuss the concept of problem-oriented policingPowered by Cognero Page 13Chapter 05 : The Police
Mackenzie is familiar with the street life. She was a drug dealer who spent time in jail and prison and then cleaned
up her act after she was busted the 3rd time. When she was in ‘the joint’ she learned a lot from her fellow inmates.
Now, She spends most of her time hanging out with her friends, some of whom are dealers still. This gives her a
chance to be “in the know” but not in trouble.
54. Mackenzie has been in contact with the police again but this time they want her help. They want to know about a
particular inmate she served time with and the crimes that that inmate committed. What type of policing aligns best
with what Mackenzie will tell the police?
a. order maintenance
b. intelligence led policing
c. problem oriented policing
d. street level drug enforcement
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: p.129
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.08 – Explain intelligence-led policing and various means by which it
occurs
55. Mackenzie has seen with her own eyes how a nice neighborhood can go downhill into disorder and chaos. She is a
product of a neighborhood that once was ok and now is full of deteriorated housing. What would be one lesson that
she has learned from growing up where she did?
a. neighborhood disorder creates fear
b. hot spot policing works in reducing crime
c. Improving response time reduces crime
d. directed policing creates mistrust
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: p.117
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.03 – Explain the limitation of patrol and methods for improving it
Completion
56. Most promotions in policing have ____________________ requirements.
ANSWER: time-in-rank
REFERENCES: p. 121
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
57. Designated police patrol areas are called ____________________.
ANSWER: beats
REFERENCES: p. 117
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departmentsPowered by Cognero Page 14Chapter 05 : The Police
58. ____________________ is another term for the order maintenance function of police.
ANSWER: Peacekeeping
REFERENCES: p. 105
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
59. Begun in New York City __________is/was a means of directing police efforts in a more productive way.
ANSWER: CompStat
REFERENCES: p. 118
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
60. One aggressive patrol program, known as the ____________________, was directed at restricting the carrying
of guns in high-risk places at high-risk times.
ANSWER: Kansas City Gun Experiment
REFERENCES: p. 116-117
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
61. ____________________ is an aggressive law enforcement style that emphasizes attacking crimes head-on and in
advance rather than waiting for calls for service.
ANSWER: Proactive policing
REFERENCES: p. 116
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
62. ____________________ are groups of police officers who enforce morality-based laws such as prostitution.
ANSWER: Vice squads
REFERENCES: p. 103
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.05 – Explain what forensics is and what forensics experts do for
police
63. A(n) ____________________ is an operation designed to encourage and observe criminal behavior so the
officers can make an arrest.
ANSWER: sting
REFERENCES: p. 121
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.05 – Explain what forensics is and what forensics experts do for
police
64. ____________________ policing strategies require police agencies to identify particular long-term community
issues and to develop strategies to eliminate these issues.
ANSWER: Problem-oriented
REFERENCES: p. 130
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.08 – Explain intelligence-led policing and various means by which it
occursPowered by Cognero Page 15Chapter 05 : The Police
65. Forensic means __________________
ANSWER: Pertaining to the law
REFERENCES: p. 124
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.05 – Explain what forensics is and what forensics experts do for
police
66. The statement “Neighborhoods give off crime promoting signals” is a point made by ___________________ in
the Broken Windows model.
ANSWER: Wilson and Kelling
REFERENCES: p.117
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.03 – Explain the limitation of patrol and methods for improving it
67. A_________________ involves organized groups of detectives or patrol officers working in plain clothes who
deceive criminals into openly committing illegal acts or conspiring to engage in criminal activity.
ANSWER: sting operation
REFERENCES: p.121
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.05 – Explain what forensics is and what forensics experts do for
police
68. _________________integrates information from different jurisdictions into a single database that detectives can
access when working on investigations.
ANSWER: COPlink
REFERENCES: p.123
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.04 – Summarize the investigation function
69. A well know program, __________________, is a problem oriented policing intervention aimed at reducing youth
homicide and youth firearms violence in Boston.
ANSWER: Operation Cease fire
REFERENCES: p.128
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.07 – Discuss the concept of problem-oriented policing
70. There is empirical evidence that _________ community-oriented policing efforts can reduce disorder and impact the
crime rate.
ANSWER: some
REFERENCES: p.128
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.06 – Understand the concept of community-oriented policingPowered by Cognero Page 16Chapter 05 : The Police
Essay
71. Is the time-in-rank system of police promotion an antiquated practice? What are its advantages and
disadvantages?
ANSWER: Because most departments are civil service organizations, administrators must rise
through the ranks to get to command positions. The Time In Rank system is
employed by most police departments and means that before moving up the
administrative ladder, an officer must spend a certain amount of time in the next
lowest rank. Although it promotes stability and fairness and limits favoritism. It also
protects police agencies from losing talented officers trained at the public expense to
other departments who offer more money and incentives. The disadvantage of this
system is that it restricts administrative flexibility. In the limits of time in rank, the
department would be forced to hire an expert in a specialized field as a civilian
employee instead of within the police agency.
REFERENCES: p. 113
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departments
72. How does the Hollywood version of policing differ from reality? Can you think of some movies and television
programs which most accurately portray the police?
ANSWER: Books, movies and tv shows romanticize police officers as fearless crime fighters
who think little of their own safety as they engage in daily high speed chases and
shootouts. In a more realistic and somewhat accurate view, the shows Law and
Order, NYPD blue, and Homicide portray many police activities and investigations in
a less romanticized version that traditional Hollywood views. In addition, the HBO
series “The Wire“ portrays a seedy yet somewhat accurate portrayal of policing.
REFERENCES: p. 115
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.02 – Articulate the complexities of the police role
73. Explain the major purposes of patrol and how patrols can be improved.
ANSWER: Uniformed patrol officers are the backbone of the department and are the most
visible component of the entire criminal justice system. The purposes of patrol include
deterring crime by visible presence, maintaining public order, responding quickly to
law violations or emergencies, identifying and apprehending law violators, aiding
individuals who cannot help themselves, facilitating the movement of traffic and
people, and create a feeling of community security. One way patrol can be improved
is to ensure that officers are able to continue their practice of selective enforcement
and use their discretion as they see fit.
REFERENCES: p. 115-116
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.01 – Understand the organization of police departmentsPowered by Cognero Page 17Chapter 05 : The Police
74. Elaborate on three reasons why investigations are often ineffective. What can be done to improve investigations?
ANSWER: Detectives are often handicapped by limited time, money, and resources to carry out
lengthy ongoing probes of any but the most serious cases. Investigations can be
improved with technology such as searching criminal histories and using forensic
science such as DNA analysis to clear the backlog of unsolved cases.
REFERENCES: p. 122
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.05 – Explain what forensics is and what forensics experts do for
police
75. For many years, preventive patrol has been considered one of the greatest deterrents to criminal behavior.
Discuss what the research from the Kansas City study tells us about the relationship between prevention patrol
and crime deterrence.
ANSWER: There is little evidence that police patrol deters crime and despite the number of
patrol cars on the street and their visibility to citizens it seems to have little impact on
the crime rate.
REFERENCES: p. 120
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.03 – Explain the limitation of patrol and methods for improving it
76. Explain the three key points to Wilson and Kelling’s broken windows model. Elaborate on how the move to
community policing reflects the move from a purely crime-control model to one that encompasses elements of
rehabilitation and restorative justice.
ANSWER: 1. Neighborhood disorder creates fear
2. Neighborhoods give out crime-promoting signals
3. Police need citizen cooperation
Under the crime control model in deteriorated neighborhoods there may be residents who are
fearful, pessimistic, and despondent. Moving to a model of community policing, the police
presence deters crime in a preventive manner and may encourage public confidence,
strengthen feelings of safety, and elicit cooperation from citizens.
REFERENCES: p. 117-118
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.03 – Explain the limitation of patrol and methods for improving it
77. Discuss the concept of community policing. How effective have these programs been in reducing crime and
improving community-law enforcement relations?
ANSWER: Proactive policing such as foot patrol is the cornerstone of community policing. There
is empirical evidence that some community policing efforts can reduce disorder and
increase the perception of safety. A key element of community policing philosophy is
that citizens must participate with police to fight crime. Community policing means the
redesign of police departments’ administration and management to focus on the
problems of the community, not on the needs of the department. Community policing
works best in neighborhoods that are not already saturated with crime and disorder
but rather show signs that deterioration is and will occur.
REFERENCES: p. 124-126
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.04 – Summarize the investigation functionPowered by Cognero Page 18Chapter 05 : The Police
78. Compare and contrast problem-oriented policing and community policing.
ANSWER: Problem oriented policing is closely associated with, but independent from,
community policing and requires police agencies to identify particular long-term
community problems and to develop strategies to eliminate them. It also requires
police departments to rely on local residents and private resources and is supported
by fact that great deal of urban crime is concentrated in a few “hot spots”.
Community policing means the redesign of police departments’ administration and
management to focus on the problems of the community, not on the needs of the
department.
REFERENCES: p. 124-126
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.04 – Summarize the investigation function
ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.08 – Explain intelligence-led policing and various means by which it
occurs
79. Discuss the major problems of community policing strategies.
ANSWER: Some of the major problems with community policing include;
1. Defining community—Police administrators must be able to define
concept of community as an ecological area defined by common norms,
shared values, and interpersonal bonds.
2. Defining roles—Police administrators must establish exact role of community police
agents.
3. Changing supervisor attitudes—Some supervisors are wary because it supports a
decentralized command structure.
4. Reorienting police values—Police with a traditional crimecontrol orientation are less
satisfied with community policing efforts than those who are public-service oriented
5. Revise training—Training must reflect a community organizer role.
6. Reorient recruitment—Midlevel managers must be recruited and trained to be receptive to
and able to implement community-change strategies.
REFERENCES: p. 126-127
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.04 – Summarize the investigation function
80. Define forensics and discuss what forensic experts can contribute to police agencies and investigations.
ANSWER: Forensic means “pertaining to the law,” and forensic scientists perform
comprehensive chemical and physical analyses on evidence submitted by law
enforcement agencies. It provides for accurate and scientific development and
examination of evidence. Without forensics evidence may go undetected or be
undervalued. The more accurate and finite results bolster case credibility and may
serve to support or erode probable cause—resulting in more
REFERENCES: p. 124
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.05.08 – Explain intelligence-led policing and various means by which it
occursPowered by Cognero Page 19Chapter 05 : The Police