Exploring Psychology 10th Edition by David G. Myers -Test Bank

Exploring Psychology 10th Edition by David G. Myers -Test Bank

 

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

1.	Which of the following terms refers to the biologically influenced characteristics by which people define male and female?
	A)	gender
	B)	transgender
	C)	sex
	D)	androgyny

 

 

2.	Unlike the concept of gender, the definition of people’s sex is based only on
	A)	cultural expectations.
	B)	biological traits.
	C)	behavioral preferences.
	D)	social relationships.

 

 

3.	Which of the following terms refers to the socially influenced characteristics by which people define men and women?
	A)	schema
	B)	gender
	C)	sexual orientation
	D)	Y chromosome

 

 

4.	Sex is to ________ characteristics as gender is to ________ characteristics.
	A)	genital; chromosomal
	B)	primary sex; secondary sex
	C)	biologically influenced; socially influenced
	D)	hormonal; genital

 

 

5.	In considering gender differences, you should remember that
	A)	no gender difference is common to all human cultures.
	B)	gender similarities are much greater than gender differences.
	C)	genetic differences between the genders do not contribute to gender differences in behavior.
	D)	all of these answers are true.

 

 

6.	Compared with the difference in self-esteem between the average female and the average male, the variation in self-esteem among individual males is ________ and the variations in self-esteem among individual females is ________.
	A)	larger; smaller
	B)	smaller; larger
	C)	larger; larger
	D)	smaller; smaller

 

 

7.	Compared with males, females experience a greater risk of
	A)	autism spectrum disorder.
	B)	color-deficient vision.
	C)	eating disorders.
	D)	antisocial personality disorder.

 

 

8.	Alex and Shauna are brother and sister and are both college students. Research on gender differences would lead one to anticipate that Alex is ________ likely to detect faint odors and ________ likely to smile frequently than his sister Shauna.
	A)	more; less
	B)	less; more
	C)	more; more
	D)	less; less

 

 

9.	Aggression is defined in psychology as
	A)	physical behavior intended to hurt someone.
	B)	any behavior that harms someone, whether it is intentional or unintentional.
	C)	physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.
	D)	verbally insulting someone, whether intentional or unintentional.

 

 

10.	Men and women are most likely to differ in their levels of
	A)	happiness.
	B)	intelligence.
	C)	creativity.
	D)	violent crime.

 

 

11.	Physical or verbal behavior intended to harm a person’s social standing or relationship constitutes
	A)	solitary confinement.
	B)	androgyny.
	C)	spermarche.
	D)	relational aggression.

 

 

12.	Glenda has spread false rumors about a classmate in order to ruin his reputation. Her behavior best illustrates
	A)	gender typing.
	B)	relational aggression.
	C)	androgyny.
	D)	secondary sex characteristics.

 

 

13.	In laboratory experiments, men have been found to be ________ willing than women to blast people with what they believed was intense and prolonged noise. Outside the laboratory they have been found to be ________ willing than women to support war.
	A)	more; less
	B)	less; more
	C)	more; more
	D)	less; less

 

 

14.	Which of the following would you MOST likely observe on extended visits to foreign countries?
	A)	men and women earning approximately the same salaries
	B)	more women than men holding elected offices
	C)	more men than women involved in fistfights
	D)	men and women sharing equally in the duties of child raising

 

 

15.	When juries form, leadership tends to go to ________. When worker salaries are paid, those in traditionally ________ occupations receive more.
	A)	females; male
	B)	males; female
	C)	females; female
	D)	males; male

 

 

16.	With respect to their leadership style, men tend to be ________ directive and ________ democratic than women.
	A)	more; more
	B)	less; less
	C)	more; less
	D)	less; more

 

 

17.	In everyday behavior, men are LESS likely than women to
	A)	smile at others.
	B)	stare at others.
	C)	interrupt others.
	D)	initiate touching others.

 

 

18.	During the course of a conversation between Mary, Nancy, and Mark, which of the following events is most likely to occur?
	A)	Mark interrupts Mary.
	B)	Mary interrupts Nancy.
	C)	Nancy interrupts Mark.
	D)	All of these events are equally likely to occur.

 

 

19.	Girls typically play in ________ groups than do boys and, during their teens, girls spend ________ time with friends than do boys.
	A)	larger; more
	B)	smaller; less
	C)	larger; less
	D)	smaller; more

 

 

20.	Compared with boys, girls are more likely to play in ________ groups.
	A)	small
	B)	competitive
	C)	mixed-age
	D)	unsupervised

 

 

21.	Compared with females, males use conversation to
	A)	explore relationships.
	B)	communicate solutions.
	C)	obtain feedback on their views.
	D)	offer support.

 

 

22.	In their marital relationship, Sylvia most enjoys extended face-to-face conversations, whereas her husband most enjoys working side-by-side on extended projects. Their unique activity preferences best illustrate a difference in
	A)	gender schemas.
	B)	primary sex characteristics.
	C)	social connectedness.
	D)	secondary sex characteristics.

 

 

23.	Mary and John work in occupations that are highly stressful. Research on gender similarities and differences suggests that when they are looking for someone to whom they can confide their personal worries, Mary is likely to turn to ________ and John is likely to turn to ________.
	A)	men; men
	B)	women; men
	C)	women; women
	D)	men; women

 

 

24.	Women are more likely than men to
	A)	stare at people who make them angry.
	B)	interrupt others while they are talking.
	C)	refuse to apologize when angry.
	D)	tend and befriend as a way to cope with stress.

 

 

25.	During middle and late adulthood, women become progressively ________ assertive and men become progressively ________ domineering.
	A)	more; more
	B)	less; less
	C)	more; less
	D)	less; more

 

 

26.	The sex chromosome found in both males and females is called the ________ chromosome.
	A)	X
	B)	Y
	C)	bisexual
	D)	asexual

 

 

27.	Males have ________ and females have ________.
	A)	one X chromosome; one Y chromosome
	B)	one Y chromosome; one X chromosome
	C)	one X chromosome; two X chromosomes
	D)	one Y chromosome; two Y chromosomes

 

 

28.	A mother’s contribution to an offspring’s two sex chromosomes is ________ chromosome and a father’s contribution to an offspring’s two sex chromosomes is ________ chromosome.
	A)	a Y; either an X or a Y
	B)	either an X or a Y; an X
	C)	an X; either an X or a Y
	D)	either an X or a Y; a Y

 

 

29.	Although Max is genetically male, his penis was unusually small at birth. This condition most likely resulted from his body’s insufficient production of ________ during his prenatal development.
	A)	Y chromosomes
	B)	gender schemas
	C)	testosterone
	D)	spermarche

 

 

30.	Secretions of testosterone and ovarian hormones during the fourth and fifth months of prenatal development exert one of their earliest influences on
	A)	menarche.
	B)	secondary sex characteristics.
	C)	gender schemas.
	D)	brain organization.

 

 

31.	The period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing is called
	A)	androgyny.
	B)	puberty.
	C)	gender typing.
	D)	sexual orientation.

 

 

32.	The body structures that enable reproduction are the
	A)	primary sex characteristics.
	B)	secondary sex characteristics.
	C)	gender schemas.
	D)	adrenal glands.

 

 

33.	During puberty, Elaina experienced an enlargement of her uterus as well as the onset of her first menstrual period. This best illustrates adolescent development of
	A)	gender typing.
	B)	primary sex characteristics.
	C)	sexual orientation.
	D)	secondary sex characteristics.

 

 

34.	The first appearance of secondary sex characteristics is most likely to be associated with the onset of
	A)	androgyny.
	B)	gender identity.
	C)	the X chromosome.
	D)	puberty.

 

 

35.	Which of the following is an example of a secondary sex characteristic?
	A)	female ovaries
	B)	male facial hair
	C)	gender typing
	D)	spermarche

 

 

36.	A decisive enlargement of his larynx caused Jerry’s voice to deepen when he was 13 years old. The larynx enlargement best illustrates
	A)	spermarche.
	B)	a primary sex characteristic.
	C)	androgyny.
	D)	a secondary sex characteristic.

 

 

37.	Primary sex characteristics are to ________ as secondary sex characteristics are to ________.
	A)	male testes; adrenal glands
	B)	female ovaries; deepened male voice
	C)	male testes; female ovaries
	D)	adrenal glands; underarm hair

 

 

38.	The term spermarche refers to the
	A)	development of secondary sex characteristics.
	B)	acquisition of gender identity.
	C)	display of both masculine and feminine traits.
	D)	first ejaculation.

 

 

39.	While he was asleep last night, Michael experienced his first ejaculation. This most clearly represents a major landmark of
	A)	menarche.
	B)	androgyny.
	C)	puberty.
	D)	gender typing.

 

 

40.	Puberty is most closely related to the onset of
	A)	androgyny.
	B)	menarche.
	C)	gender identity.
	D)	gender typing.

 

 

41.	Females who have experienced stress related to father absence, sexual abuse, or insecure attachment experience ________ a few months earlier than average.
	A)	gender identity
	B)	androgyny
	C)	gender typing
	D)	menarche

 

 

42.	Diets laden with hormone-mimicking chemicals are suspected of contributing to girls’ earlier experience of
	A)	androgyny.
	B)	gender identity.
	C)	menarche.
	D)	gender schemas.

 

 

43.	The first ejaculation is to an adolescent boy as ________ is to an adolescent girl.
	A)	secondary sex characteristics
	B)	gender typing
	C)	menarche
	D)	androgyny

 

 

44.	A disorder of sexual development is a condition that involves the unusual development of one’s
	A)	sexual orientation.
	B)	gender identity.
	C)	sexual anatomy.
	D)	gender schemas.

 

 

45.	Exposure to unusually high levels of testosterone during prenatal development led to the development of male-appearing genitals in a genetically female newborn. The newborn most clearly showed signs of
	A)	spermarche.
	B)	a bisexual orientation.
	C)	secondary sex characteristics.
	D)	a disorder of sexual development.

 

 

46.	An infant boy was raised as a girl following a botched circumcision. During adolescence, the child ________ boys and ________ the assigned female identity.
	A)	wanted to kiss; accepted
	B)	wanted to kiss; did not accept
	C)	wanted no part of kissing; accepted
	D)	wanted no part of kissing; did not accept

 

 

47.	Behaviors expected of those who occupy a particular social position define a
	A)	class.
	B)	role.
	C)	schema.
	D)	syndrome.

 

 

48.	A gender role refers to
	A)	one’s biological sex.
	B)	a sense of being male or female.
	C)	a set of expected behaviors for men or for women.
	D)	the development of secondary sex characteristics.

 

 

49.	At the beginning of the twentieth century, only one country in the world granted women the right to vote. Today, only one country in the world denies women this right. This best illustrates a dramatic shift in
	A)	gender roles.
	B)	sexual orientation.
	C)	gender identity.
	D)	secondary sex characteristics.

 

 

50.	When teased by his older sister, 9-year-old Waldo does not cry because he has learned that boys are not supposed to cry. Waldo’s behavior best illustrates the importance of
	A)	secondary sex characteristics.
	B)	gender roles.
	C)	testosterone.
	D)	menarche.

 

 

51.	In agricultural societies, children typically socialize into more distinct gender roles than do children in nomadic societies. This best illustrates that gender-role differences between social groups result from
	A)	cultural influence.
	B)	relational aggression.
	C)	secondary sex characteristics.
	D)	a disorder of sexual development.

 

 

52.	The social roles assigned to women and men
	A)	are virtually the same in all cultures.
	B)	have been virtually the same in all historical periods.
	C)	differ widely across cultures.
	D)	differ widely across historical time periods but not across cultures.

 

 

53.	Gender identity refers to
	A)	one’s biological sex.
	B)	the sense of being male, female, or some combination of the two.
	C)	the set of expected behaviors for males or for females.
	D)	how masculine a boy is or how feminine a girl is.

 

 

54.	Social learning theory emphasizes that
	A)	observation and imitation play a crucial role in the development of gender identity.
	B)	children will exhibit only those gender-linked behaviors for which they themselves have been directly rewarded.
	C)	children will not develop a clear gender identity if the same-sex parent is absent from the home.
	D)	all of these statements are true.

 

 

55.	Mr. Eskenazi frowns when his son cries but hugs his daughter when she cries. Mr. Eskenazi’s contribution to the gender typing of his children would most likely be highlighted by
	A)	Freudian psychology.
	B)	social learning theory.
	C)	cognitive neuroscience.
	D)	evolutionary psychology.

 

 

56.	Gender typing refers to the acquisition of
	A)	an enduring sexual attraction toward members of the opposite sex.
	B)	a sense of being either male or female.
	C)	a traditional masculine or feminine role.
	D)	secondary sex characteristics.

 

 

57.	A boy who consistently exhibits traditionally masculine interests and behavior patterns demonstrates
	A)	androgyny.
	B)	spermarche.
	C)	secondary sex characteristics.
	D)	gender typing.

 

 

58.	Migdalia insists on wearing very feminine-looking outfits because she wants to be treated like a woman. This best illustrates the impact of
	A)	the Y chromosome.
	B)	androgyny.
	C)	secondary sex characteristics.
	D)	gender typing.

 

 

59.	Those who prefer to express a blend of traditionally masculine and traditionally feminine psychological characteristics demonstrate
	A)	a bisexual orientation.
	B)	a transgender identity.
	C)	heterosexuality.
	D)	androgyny.

 

 

60.	Julio feels comfortable assuming directive leadership roles but also enjoys being a good team player in supportive roles that require sensitivity to the needs of others. Julio best illustrates
	A)	secondary sex characteristics.
	B)	gender typing.
	C)	androgyny.
	D)	menarche.

 

 

61.	The belief that boys have shorter hair than girls is a
	A)	gender role.
	B)	gender schema.
	C)	sexual orientation.
	D)	secondary sex characteristic.

 

 

62.	The belief that boys are more independent than girls is a
	A)	gender role.
	B)	gender identity.
	C)	gender schema.
	D)	gender type.

 

 

63.	Children tend to organize their worlds into male and female categories. This best illustrates their use of
	A)	secondary sex characteristics.
	B)	sexual orientation.
	C)	gender schemas.
	D)	relational aggression.

 

 

64.	Categorizing baby clothing as either masculine-looking or feminine-looking best illustrates the functioning of
	A)	androgyny.
	B)	a bisexual orientation.
	C)	secondary sex characteristics.
	D)	a gender schema.

 

 

65.	When his mother offered to play leapfrog with him, Jorge protested, “I’m not going to play a girl’s game!” Jorge’s reaction best illustrates the impact of
	A)	androgyny.
	B)	gender schemas.
	C)	sexual orientation.
	D)	secondary sex characteristics.

 

 

66.	People whose gender identity feels mismatched with their biological sex are
	A)	transgender.
	B)	bisexual.
	C)	heterosexual.
	D)	homosexual.

 

 

67.	Although Travis is genetically male, she sometimes dresses in women’s clothes in order to express her strong sense of identity as a female. Travis could best be described as
	A)	asexual.
	B)	bisexual.
	C)	transgender.
	D)	homosexual.

 

 

68.	Sex-reassignment surgery today would most likely be recommended for individuals who are
	A)	homosexual.
	B)	asexual.
	C)	bisexual.
	D)	transgender.

 

 

69.	Those who prefer to live as members of the sex other than their birth sex are described as
	A)	asexual.
	B)	androgynous.
	C)	transsexual.
	D)	bisexual.

 

 

70.	Erin has made a social transition from living as a male to living as a female, and she is currently receiving cross-sex hormone treatments from her physician. Erin could be best described as
	A)	bisexual.
	B)	heterosexual.
	C)	transsexual.
	D)	asexual.

 

 

71.	One’s sexual orientation refers to
	A)	one’s sense of being male or female.
	B)	a set of expected behaviors for males or for females.
	C)	the direction of one’s sexual attractions.
	D)	all of these.

 

 

72.	Those who are not sexually attracted to either sex are described as
	A)	asexual.
	B)	paraphilic.
	C)	refractory.
	D)	habituated.

 

 

73.	The sex hormone secreted in greater amounts by females than by males is
	A)	estradiol.
	B)	testosterone.
	C)	HPV.
	D)	serotonin.

 

 

74.	By injecting female animals with estrogens, researchers can increase the animals’
	A)	necrophilia.
	B)	refractory period.
	C)	sexual receptiveness.
	D)	habituation.

 

 

75.	Male rats that have their testes surgically removed ________ much of their sexual interest in receptive females. These same rats _________ sexual interest if injected with testosterone.
	A)	retain; show excessively high levels of
	B)	gradually lose; slowly regain
	C)	retain; show no change in
	D)	gradually lose; fail to regain

 

 

76.	Senora is a 4-year-old female cat who is definitely “in heat.” She is yowling to be let out of the house. However, her owner knows that when she is “in heat”
	A)	she is ovulating.
	B)	her estrogen level is at its peak.
	C)	she is sexually receptive.
	D)	all of these things will occur.

 

 

77.	Research on sex hormones and human sexual behavior indicates that
	A)	sexual desire rises slightly at ovulation among women with mates.
	B)	adult men who have been castrated show virtually no reduction in sex drive.
	C)	sexual interests are aroused by decreased testosterone levels in women and increased testosterone levels in men.
	D)	imprisoned male sex offenders typically experience lower-than-normal testosterone levels.

 

 

78.	More than in other mammalian females, the sexual drive in human females is responsive to their ________ levels.
	A)	estradiol
	B)	estrogen
	C)	serotonin
	D)	testosterone

 

 

79.	Forty-year-old Tanisha is happily married. However, she has been feeling much less interested in sexual activities since her ovaries were removed. Which of the following might be causing this?
	A)	a drop in her testosterone level
	B)	an increase in her testosterone level
	C)	an increase in estrogen levels
	D)	an increase in prolactin levels

 

 

80.	Adult men who suffer castration typically experience _________ testosterone levels, and adult male sex offenders who take Depo-Provera typically experience __________ testosterone levels.
	A)	decreased; increased
	B)	normal; increased
	C)	decreased; decreased
	D)	normal; decreased

 

 

81.	International studies find that married fathers tend to have ________ than bachelors or married men without children.
	A)	less estradiol
	B)	lower testosterone levels
	C)	longer plateau phases
	D)	shorter refractory periods

 

 

82.	Fifteen-year-old Juan is experiencing an increase in the hormone ________, which causes his sexual arousal to ________.
	A)	estrogen; increase
	B)	estrogen; decrease
	C)	testosterone; increase
	D)	testosterone; decrease

 

 

83.	In their effort to describe the stages of the human sexual response, researchers Masters and Johnson
	A)	observed chimps and monkeys engaging in sex.
	B)	interviewed married couples who were randomly selected from the U.S. population.
	C)	interviewed only married couples who had regular sex.
	D)	directly observed people engaging in sex in their laboratories.

 

 

84.	Janice and Tre are kissing and caressing each other. They are both sexually aroused and decide to engage in intercourse. According to Masters and Johnson, the correct order of the stages of the sexual response cycle the two of them will experience is
	A)	plateau, excitement, orgasm, and resolution.
	B)	resolution, excitement, plateau, and orgasm.
	C)	excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
	D)	orgasm, excitement, plateau, and resolution.

 

 

85.	The first stage of the sexual response cycle is
	A)	a refractory period.
	B)	an excitement stage.
	C)	a plateau stage.
	D)	orgasm.

 

 

86.	During the ________, the genital areas become engorged with blood, a woman’s vagina expands and secretes lubricant, and her breast and nipples may enlarge.
	A)	plateau phase
	B)	resolution phase
	C)	excitement phase
	D)	orgasm

 

 

87.	Sonya’s genital areas have become engorged with blood and her vagina is expanding and secreting lubricant, as her breast and nipples enlarge from her boyfriend’s caresses and soft kisses. Sonya is in the
	A)	plateau phase.
	B)	resolution phase.
	C)	excitement phase.
	D)	orgasm.

 

 

88.	During ________, excitement peaks as breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates continue to increase.
	A)	the plateau phase
	B)	the resolution phase
	C)	the excitement phase
	D)	orgasm

 

 

89.	Research on the sexual response cycle indicates that
	A)	men and women experience an equally long refractory period following orgasm.
	B)	women undergo a decrease in physiological arousal more slowly if they have experienced orgasm than if they have not.
	C)	enough sperm may be released prior to male orgasm to enable conception.
	D)	during the resolution phase, sexual excitement increases in women but decreases in men.

 

 

90.	Masters and Johnson identified orgasm as the ________ phase of the sexual response cycle.
	A)	first
	B)	second
	C)	third
	D)	fourth

 

 

91.	The descriptions of orgasm written by men and women are ________, and the subcortical brain regions active in men and women during orgasm are ________.
	A)	different; similar
	B)	similar; different
	C)	different; different
	D)	similar; similar

 

 

92.	During the resolution stage of the sexual response cycle, people are most likely to experience a rapid decrease in arousal if
	A)	they have just experienced orgasm.
	B)	they have not used contraceptives.
	C)	their refractory period is unusually short.
	D)	their sexual interaction has not resulted in conception.

 

 

93.	The refractory period is the
	A)	moment before orgasm during which sexual arousal is maintained at a fairly high level.
	B)	stage of the sexual response cycle during which sexual excitation reaches its climax.
	C)	span of the monthly female reproductive cycle during which ovulation occurs.
	D)	time span after orgasm during which a man cannot be aroused to another orgasm.

 

 

94.	Eddie and his wife Lesley have just shared a fulfilling sexual experience. Unlike Lesley, Eddie probably won’t be able to experience another orgasm for a period of time. This stage of the sexual response cycle is called
	A)	the plateau stage.
	B)	orgasm.
	C)	the resolution stage.
	D)	the excitement stage.

 

 

95.	A problem that consistently interferes with one’s ability to complete the sexual response cycle is called a(n)
	A)	STI.
	B)	paraphilia.
	C)	sexual dysfunction.
	D)	refractory period.

 

 

96.	Ty went to see his doctor because he has difficulty maintaining an erection and experiencing orgasm. Ty most clearly is experiencing
	A)	premature ejaculation.
	B)	HPV.
	C)	a sexual dysfunction.
	D)	a paraphilia.

 

 

97.	Female orgasmic disorder is one form of
	A)	erotic plasticity.
	B)	paraphilia.
	C)	refractory period.
	D)	sexual dysfunction.

 

 

98.	Alicia is distressed because she experiences recurrent vaginal pain that interferes with sexual intercourse. Her difficulty best illustrates a(n)
	A)	refractory period.
	B)	sexual dysfunction.
	C)	paraphilia.
	D)	erotic plasticity.

 

 

99.	A man who consistently reaches a sexual climax before he or his sexual partner wishes is experiencing
	A)	erectile disorder.
	B)	a paraphilia.
	C)	premature ejaculation.
	D)	orgasmic disorder.

 

 

100.	A woman who experiences distress due to a persistent inability to reach a sexual climax during prolonged sexual intercourse is most likely suffering from
	A)	pedophilia.
	B)	a habituation.
	C)	erotic plasticity.
	D)	female orgasmic disorder.

 

 

101.	Kamil, a 33-year-old lawyer, experiences premature ejaculation. Through behaviorally oriented therapy, he would most likely learn to minimize his problem by
	A)	engaging in sexual activity less frequently.
	B)	eliminating his high level of sexual guilt.
	C)	uncovering the unconscious fears that underlie his problem.
	D)	learning ways to control his urge to ejaculate.

 

 

102.	Since 1998, Viagra has been a highly successful treatment for
	A)	female orgasmic disorder.
	B)	premature ejaculation.
	C)	erectile disorder.
	D)	paraphilias.

 

 

103.	Recurrent sexually arousing fantasies and behaviors involving nonhuman objects is an indication of a(n)
	A)	refractory period.
	B)	sexual dysfunction.
	C)	erectile disorder.
	D)	paraphilia.

 

 

104.	People with paraphilias do experience sexual desire, but they direct it in unusual ways. For example, in necrophilia, the person
	A)	has a sexual attraction to corpses.
	B)	experiences sexual arousal toward young children.
	C)	has a constant urge to ejaculate.
	D)	derives pleasure from self-exposure.

 

 

105.	Despite being arrested for indecent exposure in a public setting, Max continues to experience the urge to sexually expose himself to unsuspecting strangers. His difficulty best illustrates a(n)
	A)	refractory period.
	B)	STI.
	C)	sexual dysfunction.
	D)	paraphilia.

 

 

106.	Pedophilia is an example of
	A)	a paraphilia.
	B)	an erectile disorder.
	C)	premature ejaculation.
	D)	the older-brother effect.

 

 

107.	Mr. York is a middle-aged adult who is distressed by his frequent sexually arousing urges and fantasies involving sexual interactions with girls who have not entered puberty. His difficulty best illustrates
	A)	pedophilia.
	B)	a refractory period.
	C)	a sexual dysfunction.
	D)	the older-brother effect.

 

 

108.	Teenage girls are especially vulnerable to STIs because of their
	A)	shorter refractory periods.
	B)	high estrogen levels.
	C)	longer resolution periods.
	D)	lower levels of antibodies.

 

 

109.	Condoms are most helpful in protecting against
	A)	herpes infections.
	B)	paraphilias.
	C)	HIV infections.
	D)	erectile disorder.

 

 

110.	Which of the following is an STI?
	A)	herpes
	B)	pedophilia
	C)	premature ejaculation
	D)	female orgasmic disorder

 

 

111.	A high school teacher is giving a lecture on sexually transmitted diseases to a class of seniors when one of them stands up and says “I’m safe with my boyfriend. He uses condoms.” Which of the following responses of the teacher is most likely to be misleading?
	A)	Condoms offer limited protection against certain skin-to-skin sexually transmitted diseases.
	B)	Condoms have been 80 percent effective in preventing transmission of HIV.
	C)	Condoms provide complete protection against certain infections such as herpes.
	D)	Condoms are less likely to be used by those who use alcohol prior to sex.

 

 

112.	The human immunodeficiency virus has been found to be the cause of
	A)	herpes.
	B)	refractory periods.
	C)	paraphilias.
	D)	AIDS.

 

 

113.	Natalie is sexually active and wants to avoid contracting AIDS. To prevent that from happening, Natalie most clearly needs to avoid unprotected sex with partners infected with
	A)	bacterial STIs.
	B)	HPV.
	C)	A herpes virus.
	D)	HIV.

 

 

114.	The most common way AIDS is transmitted is through
	A)	unsanitary foods and eating utensils.
	B)	unprotected sex with an infected person.
	C)	a prenatal infection from your mother.
	D)	receiving a transfusion of blood from a person with AIDS.

 

 

115.	Shanney is sexually active and believes that oral sex is “safe sex.” She should be informed that performing oral sex on a man increases her risk of contracting
	A)	female orgasmic disorder.
	B)	a paraphilic disorder.
	C)	pedophilia.
	D)	HPV.

 

 

116.	Most ________ can now be prevented if people are vaccinated before they become sexually active.
	A)	paraphilias
	B)	HIV infections
	C)	sexual dysfunctions
	D)	HPV infections

 

 

117.	Professor Langley emphasizes that premature sexual activity among high school students involves the interplay of alcohol consumption, mass media norms, and teens’ underestimation of their vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections. The professor’s emphasis best illustrates a reliance on
	A)	the evolutionary perspective.
	B)	a social script.
	C)	multiple levels of analysis.
	D)	erotic plasticity.

 

 

118.	With repeated exposure to any erotic stimulus, our emotional response often lessens. This illustrates the process of
	A)	the fraternal birth-order effect.
	B)	erotic plasticity.
	C)	habituation.
	D)	paraphilia.

 

 

119.	Ivan just spent an evening watching pornographic movies of attractive women who actually seemed to enjoy being sexually coerced. This experience may lead him to
	A)	perceive himself as unable to perform sexually.
	B)	be more willing to hurt women.
	C)	feel unsure about his gender identity.
	D)	view sexual promiscuity as morally wrong.

 

 

120.	After viewing sexually attractive women on TV, male college students find an average woman or their own girlfriend or wife to be
	A)	more attractive.
	B)	more sexually active.
	C)	less attractive.
	D)	less sexually active.

 

 

121.	Men experience ________ frequent and ________ romantic fantasies about sex than do women.
	A)	more; more
	B)	less; less
	C)	more; less
	D)	less; more

 

 

122.	Which of the following is NOT true about sexual fantasizing?
	A)	Our imagination can increase our sexual arousal and desire.
	B)	In some women sexual fantasies can lead to sexual orgasm.
	C)	Men fantasize about sex more often and less romantically.
	D)	Fantasizing about sex indicates a sexual problem or dissatisfaction.

 

 

123.	Compared with European teens, American teens have a ________ rate of STIs and a ________ rate of pregnancy.
	A)	lower; lower
	B)	higher; higher
	C)	lower; higher
	D)	higher; lower

 

 

124.	Many sexually active American adolescents fail to avoid pregnancy because
	A)	low sex guilt inhibits the careful planning of contraceptive use.
	B)	they are uncomfortable discussing contraception with their sexual partner.
	C)	sex education courses have actually discouraged contraceptive use.
	D)	of all of these reasons.

 

 

125.	In one survey, 72 percent of sexually active 12- to 17-year-old American girls said
	A)	they never use condoms during sex.
	B)	they abstain from alcohol prior to sex.
	C)	none of their close friends were sexually active.
	D)	they regretted having had sex.

 

 

126.	Teens who use alcohol prior to sexual intercourse experience
	A)	enhanced self-awareness and are less likely to use condoms.
	B)	reduced self-awareness and are more likely to use condoms.
	C)	enhanced self-awareness and are more likely to use condoms.
	D)	reduced self-awareness and are less likely to use condoms.

 

 

127.	Sixteen-year-old Sophie just found out she is pregnant. Which of the following likely contributed to her unplanned pregnancy?
	A)	sensitivity to the need for birth control
	B)	excess communication with her parents about birth control
	C)	alcohol use
	D)	high levels of estrogen

 

 

128.	A culturally modeled guide for how to act in particular situations is called a
	A)	behavioral trait.
	B)	social script.
	C)	paraphilia.
	D)	natural selection.

 

 

129.	Mass media scenarios that shape our expectations about how to develop a sexual relationship are
	A)	paraphilias.
	B)	social scripts.
	C)	sexual response cycles.
	D)	refractory periods.

 

 

130.	Sixteen-year-old Julie often sends sexually explicit texts (“sexts”) to her boyfriend after seeing movie and TV characters sending such messages. Her behavior could best be attributed to the _________ provided by the filmed material.
	A)	social script
	B)	erotic plasticity
	C)	refractory period
	D)	sexual dysfunction

 

 

131.	The more sexual content adolescents view on TV and in movies, the more likely they are to
	A)	perceive their peers as sexually active.
	B)	talk with their parents about contraception.
	C)	view their own sexual partners as attractive.
	D)	avoid premature sexual intercourse.

 

 

132.	MTV’s series 16 and Pregnant portrays the consequences of unprotected sex and the challenges of having a child. After analyzing the series’ viewership rates over time, researchers concluded that the program led to
	A)	an increase in teen sexual dysfunctions.
	B)	a decrease in teen condom usage.
	C)	an increase in teen STIs.
	D)	a decrease in teen pregnancy rates.

 

 

133.	Teens are more likely to delay sex if they have ________ levels of intelligence and ________ levels of religious engagement.
	A)	higher; lower
	B)	lower; higher
	C)	higher; higher
	D)	lower; lower

 

 

134.	Lower rates of pregnancy have been observed among teens who have
	A)	sexually vivid dreams that lead to orgasm.
	B)	imagined being taken sexually by someone overwhelmed with passion.
	C)	watched a higher-than-average amount of prime-time television.
	D)	participated in a service learning program as tutors or teachers’ aides.

 

 

135.	In studies that followed hundreds of 5- to 18-year-old girls from New Zealand and the United States, ________ was (were) linked to sexual activity before age 16.
	A)	erotic plasticity
	B)	a brother’s absence
	C)	a father’s absence
	D)	social scripts

 

 

136.	One’s sexual orientation refers to a(n) ________ members of one’s own sex, the other sex, or both sexes.
	A)	sexual response cycle triggered by
	B)	experience of shared interests with
	C)	enduring sexual attraction toward
	D)	erotic plasticity in response to

 

 

137.	Abraham, a 25-year-old law student, is heterosexual; his brother Chaim, a 21-year-old college senior, is homosexual. The brothers obviously differ in their
	A)	erotic plasticity.
	B)	sexual response cycle.
	C)	sexual orientation.
	D)	refractory period.

 

 

138.	More than a dozen national surveys in Europe and the United States indicate that about ________ percent of men are gay and about ________ percent of women are lesbian.
	A)	3 or 4; 2
	B)	2; 3 or 4
	C)	10; 5 or 6
	D)	5 or 6; 10

 

 

139.	A homosexual orientation is
	A)	equally likely among members of both sexes.
	B)	associated with a lack of estrogen.
	C)	unlikely to be successfully changed.
	D)	characteristic of over 10 percent of American males.

 

 

140.	Having variable sexual urges and interests is called
	A)	the sexual response cycle.
	B)	sexual orientation.
	C)	the refractory period.
	D)	erotic plasticity.

 

 

141.	Gender differences in erotic plasticity are best illustrated by the fact that women
	A)	have longer refractory periods than do men.
	B)	tend to be more changeable than men in sexual orientation.
	C)	are less likely than men to be equally aroused by both male and female erotic stimuli.
	D)	become aware of their sexual orientation much earlier in life than do men.

 

 

142.	Jennifer, unlike her husband Paul, prefers to alternate periods of high sexual activity with periods of very little sexual activity. This best illustrates gender differences in
	A)	sexual dysfunctions.
	B)	erotic plasticity.
	C)	refractory periods.
	D)	paraphilias.

 

 

143.	For 28 years, Rachael was happily married and sexually fulfilled in her relationship with her husband. Since his death two years ago, she has developed a sexually satisfying lesbian relationship with Marta, who is also a widow. Rachael’s pattern of sexual relationships best illustrates her
	A)	sexual dysfunctions.
	B)	erotic plasticity.
	C)	refractory periods.
	D)	paraphilias.

 

 

144.	Women’s sexual orientation tends to be ________ strongly held and ________ variable over time than that of men.
	A)	more; less
	B)	less; more
	C)	more; more
	D)	less; less

 

 

145.	Research on the environmental conditions that influence sexual orientation indicates that
	A)	homosexuals are more likely than heterosexuals to have been neglected by their parents.
	B)	homosexuals are more likely than heterosexuals to have been overprotected by their mothers.
	C)	homosexuals are more likely than heterosexuals to have been raised in a father-absent home.
	D)	the reported backgrounds of homosexuals and heterosexuals are similar.

 

 

146.	Gay men are ________ likely to have been smothered by maternal love than heterosexual men. Boys growing up in a father-absent home are ________ likely to be gay than boys growing up with their father present in the home.
	A)	more; no more
	B)	no more; more
	C)	more; more
	D)	no more; no more

 

 

147.	Which of the following is most clearly NOT true with respect to sexual orientation?
	A)	Homosexuality is linked with problems during childhood due to relationships with parents.
	B)	The environmental factors that influence sexual orientation are presently unknown.
	C)	Sexual orientation is not created by mistreatment from and hatred toward members of the other sex.
	D)	Sexual orientation is persistent and unlikely to be successfully changed.

 

 

148.	A biological influence on homosexuality is most clearly seen from evidence of
	A)	sexual relations between same-sex partners in several hundred different animal species.
	B)	an increase in same-sex attraction among women who had fraternal twin brothers.
	C)	the increase in homosexual and bisexual people among males with domineering mothers.
	D)	the link between sexual orientation and the levels of sex hormones currently in a person’s blood.

 

 

149.	Simon LeVay discovered that a neural cluster located in the ________ was larger in heterosexual men than in homosexual men.
	A)	cerebellum
	B)	amygdala
	C)	hypothalamus
	D)	medulla

 

 

150.	The hypothalamus lights up in an area governing sexual arousal when ________ are given a whiff of scent derived from men’s sweat.
	A)	lesbian women and gay men
	B)	lesbian women and straight men
	C)	straight women and straight men
	D)	straight women and gay men

 

 

151.	Both a kin selection theory and an alternative fertile females theory have been proposed to explain the transmission of genes that promote
	A)	female orgasmic disorder.
	B)	homosexuality.
	C)	refractory periods.
	D)	erotic plasticity.

 

 

152.	Homosexual men tend to have ________ homosexual relatives on their mother’s side of the family than on their father’s side. The maternal relatives of homosexual men on the mother’s side of the family produce ________ offspring than do the maternal relatives of heterosexual men on the mother’s side of the family.
	A)	more; fewer
	B)	fewer; more
	C)	more; more
	D)	fewer; fewer

 

 

153.	Simon’s psychology professor states that homosexual men tend to have more homosexual relatives on their mother’s side than on their father’s, which supports a genetic basis for homosexuality. The position explained by Simon’s professor is called
	A)	the fertile females theory.
	B)	the fraternal birth-order effect.
	C)	the older-brother effect.
	D)	erotic plasticity.

 

 

154.	Your father-in-law thinks that a homosexual orientation is a choice people make and is therefore not influenced by genetics. To dissuade him of this erroneous belief, you would be best advised to note that
	A)	homosexuality does not appear to run in families.
	B)	identical twins are no more likely than fraternal twins to share their twin’s homosexual orientation.
	C)	researchers have been able to create female fruit flies that, during courtship, act like males.
	D)	homosexual men tend to have more homosexual relatives on their mother’s side of the family than on their father’s side of the family.

 

 

155.	Female identical twins are more likely to differ from each other in sexual orientation than
	A)	male fraternal twins.
	B)	female fraternal twins.
	C)	male identical twins.
	D)	all of these pairs of twins.

 

 

156.	By manipulating a single gene, scientists have been able to control sexual orientation in
	A)	humans.
	B)	chimpanzees.
	C)	fruit flies.
	D)	all of these organisms.

 

 

157.	Sex hormone levels experienced during the second trimester of prenatal development are most likely to influence a male’s sexual orientation in later life because of their impact on
	A)	the X chromosome.
	B)	the Y chromosome.
	C)	brain development.
	D)	sexually transmitted infections.

 

 

158.	Research has found that an animal’s sexual orientation can be altered by
	A)	manipulation of prenatal hormone conditions.
	B)	exposure only to animals of the same sex.
	C)	injections of sex hormones in early adulthood.
	D)	destruction of the hippocampus.

 

 

159.	If pregnant sheep are injected with ________ during a critical period of prenatal development, their female offspring will show homosexual behavior.
	A)	estrogen
	B)	HIV
	C)	HPV
	D)	testosterone

 

 

160.	The incidence of male homosexuality has been found to be slightly higher than usual among
	A)	physicians.
	B)	professional athletes.
	C)	residents of small villages.
	D)	men who have older brothers.

 

 

161.	It has been suggested that the fraternal birth-order effect is a result of
	A)	erotic plasticity.
	B)	refractory periods.
	C)	a maternal immune response.
	D)	mass-media norms.

 

 

162.	A birth-order effect seems to play a role in sexual orientation among
	A)	men who are right-handed.
	B)	women who are right-handed.
	C)	men who are not right-handed.
	D)	both men and women who are not right-handed.

 

 

163.	Rebecca and Thomas have three sons. Rebecca is pregnant with another son. Research indicates that the chances of the fourth son being homosexual is ________ percent.
	A)	less than 1
	B)	less than 2
	C)	more than 4
	D)	more than 10

 

 

164.	Steven is the only one of four brothers who is gay. Which of the following differences are you LEAST likely to observe between Steven and his brothers?
	A)	walking style
	B)	physical aggression
	C)	handedness
	D)	intelligence

 

 

165.	On mental rotation tasks, gays and lesbians have been observed to score ________ than heterosexual men and ________ than heterosexual women.
	A)	higher; higher
	B)	lower; lower
	C)	higher; lower
	D)	lower; higher

 

 

166.	In remembering the spatial locations of objects, straight men perform
	A)	better than gay men and better than straight women.
	B)	worse than gay men and worse than straight women.
	C)	better than gay men and worse than straight women.
	D)	worse than gay men and better than straight women.

 

 

167.	Compared with women, men are likely to
	A)	initiate more sex.
	B)	think more about sex.
	C)	view more pornography.
	D)	behave in all of these ways.

 

 

168.	Compared with women, men are ________ likely to feel comfortable about having casual sex with different partners and ________ likely to cite affection as a reason for their first sexual intercourse.
	A)	less; more
	B)	more; less
	C)	less; less
	D)	more; more

 

 

169.	George and Sally, both in their early twenties, are in an early stage of developing a potentially romantic relationship. Research suggests that ________ is the one who is most likely to initiate greater sexual intimacy in their relationship and ________ is the one who has a more accepting attitude toward casual, uncommitted sex.
	A)	George; Sally
	B)	Sally; George
	C)	George; George
	D)	Sally: Sally

 

 

170.	Compared with lesbians, gay men report ________ interest in uncommitted sex and ________ interest in their partner’s physical attractiveness.
	A)	more; less
	B)	less; more
	C)	more; more
	D)	less; less

 

 

171.	The reproductive advantage enjoyed by organisms best suited to a particular environment is known as
	A)	erotic plasticity.
	B)	exhibitionism.
	C)	natural selection.
	D)	the older-brother effect.

 

 

172.	Aruna has inherited a tendency to be sexually attracted to handsome men. If this trait increases her chances of survival and reproductive success, it will likely be passed on to her female offspring. This best illustrates
	A)	the fertile females theory.
	B)	the sexual response cycle.
	C)	erotic plasticity.
	D)	natural selection.

 

 

173.	“Women have a natural inclination to be more particular than men about who they select as a mate because they are limited in the number of children they can have.” This statement best illustrates the logic of
	A)	evolutionary psychology.
	B)	social learning theory.
	C)	the fertile females theory.
	D)	the fraternal birth-order effect.

 

 

174.	Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute male-female differences in attitudes toward casual sex to the fact that men have ________ than women do.
	A)	more sexually liberal social scripts
	B)	greater awareness of their own sex
	C)	greater erotic plasticity
	D)	greater reproductive potential

 

 

175.	In a study of Welsh pedestrians, women rated a man as ________ if he was pictured at the wheel of an expensive rather than an inexpensive car. Men rated a woman as ________ if she was pictured at the wheel of an expensive rather than an inexpensive car.
	A)	less attractive; more attractive
	B)	more attractive; no more attractive
	C)	no more attractive; more attractive
	D)	less attractive; no more attractive

 

 

176.	Heterosexual women are most likely to be sexually attracted to men who appear to be
	A)	shy.
	B)	asexual.
	C)	interested in casual, uncommitted sex.
	D)	mature and affluent.

 

 

177.	Jason spends a lot of money on luxury items in order to win the sexual affection of women he finds attractive. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute his behavior to
	A)	social scripts.
	B)	erotic plasticity.
	C)	the older-brother effect.
	D)	genetic predispositions.

 

 

178.	Men in their ________ are most likely to be sexually attracted to women who are several years older rather than several years younger than themselves.
	A)	teens
	B)	twenties
	C)	thirties
	D)	forties

 

 

179.	Men and women working for an experimenter asked strangers of the opposite sex: “Would you go to bed with me tonight?” Their invitations were accepted by
	A)	more than half of men but no women.
	B)	almost half of the men but no women.
	C)	more than half of the men and almost half of the women.
	D)	almost half of the men and almost half of the women.

 

 

180.	Critics of evolutionary psychology are most likely to suggest that it underestimates the
	A)	impact of genetic predispositions on human sexual behavior.
	B)	impact of cultural expectations on human sexual behavior.
	C)	variety of traits that contribute to reproductively successful behaviors.
	D)	extent to which certain gender differences in sexual behavior are common to all cultures.

 

 

181.	The impact of cultural expectations on men’s and women’s mating preferences is most clearly emphasized by
	A)	the fertile females theory.
	B)	kin selection theory.
	C)	social learning theory.
	D)	evolutionary psychology.

 

 

182.	Many crime shows on TV have taught Linda that remaining physically safe requires her to avoid being alone with complete strangers who ask blunt questions about her sexual availability. The televised material is most likely to help Linda remain safe because it has conveyed a memorable
	A)	erotic plasticity.
	B)	sexual dysfunction.
	C)	social script.
	D)	refractory period.

 

 

183.	Those who defend evolutionary psychology against criticism are most likely to suggest that evolutionary principles
	A)	generate testable predictions.
	B)	are intended to be descriptive but not explanatory.
	C)	are more applicable to men than to women.
	D)	are more applicable to humans than to nonhuman animal species.

 

 

184.	When a couple engages in sexual intercourse within the context of a committed relationship rather than as a one-night sexual hookup, they are more likely to experience
	A)	the older-brother effect.
	B)	erotic plasticity.
	C)	paraphilias.
	D)	orgasm.

 

 

185.	Jenna and Diego have been in a committed, monogamous relationship for years, while Siena and Michael just “hooked up” for the night. After sex, Jenna and Diego are more likely to experience a surge in the hormone ________, while Siena and Michael will secrete less of this hormone. This hormone is related to sexual satiety and ________ after orgasm with a loved one.
	A)	testosterone; satisfaction
	B)	estrogen; anxiety
	C)	prolactin; satisfaction
	D)	prolactin; regret

 

 

186.	Professor Smith emphasizes that gender similarities and differences are products of a continuous interplay among genetically predisposed traits, culturally shaped roles, and personally constructed expectations and assumptions. The professor’s emphasis best illustrates
	A)	a social script.
	B)	a sexual orientation.
	C)	the sexual response cycle.
	D)	a biopsychosocial approach.

 

 

187.	Those who suggest that the choices we make today determine what our future will be like are emphasizing the importance of
	A)	paraphilias.
	B)	human responsibility.
	C)	social scripts.
	D)	erotic plasticity.

 

 

 

Answer Key

 

1.	C
2.	B
3.	B
4.	C
5.	B
6.	C
7.	C
8.	D
9.	C
10.	D
11.	D
12.	B
13.	C
14.	C
15.	D
16.	C
17.	A
18.	A
19.	D
20.	A
21.	B
22.	C
23.	C
24.	D
25.	C
26.	A
27.	C
28.	C
29.	C
30.	D
31.	B
32.	A
33.	B
34.	D
35.	B
36.	D
37.	B
38.	D
39.	C
40.	B
41.	D
42.	C
43.	C
44.	C
45.	D
46.	D
47.	B
48.	C
49.	A
50.	B
51.	A
52.	C
53.	B
54.	A
55.	B
56.	C
57.	D
58.	D
59.	D
60.	C
61.	B
62.	C
63.	C
64.	D
65.	B
66.	A
67.	C
68.	D
69.	C
70.	C
71.	C
72.	A
73.	A
74.	C
75.	B
76.	D
77.	A
78.	D
79.	A
80.	C
81.	B
82.	C
83.	D
84.	C
85.	B
86.	C
87.	C
88.	A
89.	C
90.	C
91.	D
92.	A
93.	D
94.	C
95.	C
96.	C
97.	D
98.	B
99.	C
100.	D
101.	D
102.	C
103.	D
104.	A
105.	D
106.	A
107.	A
108.	D
109.	C
110.	A
111.	C
112.	D
113.	D
114.	B
115.	D
116.	D
117.	C
118.	C
119.	B
120.	C
121.	C
122.	D
123.	B
124.	B
125.	D
126.	D
127.	C
128.	B
129.	B
130.	A
131.	A
132.	D
133.	C
134.	D
135.	C
136.	C
137.	C
138.	A
139.	C
140.	D
141.	B
142.	B
143.	B
144.	B
145.	D
146.	D
147.	A
148.	A
149.	C
150.	D
151.	B
152.	C
153.	A
154.	D
155.	C
156.	C
157.	C
158.	A
159.	D
160.	D
161.	C
162.	A
163.	C
164.	D
165.	D
166.	B
167.	D
168.	B
169.	C
170.	C
171.	C
172.	D
173.	A
174.	D
175.	B
176.	D
177.	D
178.	A
179.	A
180.	B
181.	C
182.	C
183.	A
184.	D
185.	C
186.	D
187.	B

1.	Discuss how gender differences in both aggression and social connectedness are influenced by nature and nurture. Describe and justify the approaches that you would recommend to reduce the current gender differences in each of these two specific areas.

 

 

2.

Describe likely differences between gender-typed and androgynous people with respect to the way or the extent to which they might classify things in terms of gender-linked traits such as masculinity and femininity. Illustrate your distinctions by referring to how gender-typed and androgynous people might think differently about academic interests, athletic pursuits, and political values.

 

 

3.

Jack and Jill are both distressed by their own lack of sexual desire or arousal in their marital relationship. Describe how an understanding of the biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors that affect sexual feelings and behaviors might aid in the development of appropriate interventions for alleviating the difficulty experienced by this couple.

 

 

4.

Despite the increased availability of condoms, the rate of teen pregnancy continues to be high in many countries. Suggest how parents, teachers, religious leaders, government officials, and teenagers themselves could help remedy this situation. Include at least one concrete suggestion for EACH group.

 

 

5.

People often refer to homosexuals as persons rather than referring to homosexual behavior as something persons do. In fact, those who experience homosexual desires or engage in homosexual practices are often assumed to be gay or lesbian in the same sense that they are male or female. Describe the potential advantages and disadvantages of this assumption, and critically evaluate how it might influence research on the origins of differing sexual orientations.

 

 

6.

Many would consider it ironic that men are more likely than women to feel comfortable about having casual sex with multiple partners and yet at the same time more likely to feel jealous and angry if a mate has sex with someone else. How might evolutionary psychology explain these gender differences? What are the strengths and weaknesses of this evolutionary explanation?

 

 

 

Answer Key

 

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1.	Men are LESS likely than women to
	A)	stare at people who make them angry.
	B)	be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.
	C)	interrupt others who are talking.
	D)	ask for other people’s opinions in a group discussion.

 

 

2.	How many human chromosomes are common to both males and females?
	A)	22
	B)	23
	C)	45
	D)	46

 

 

3.	Puberty is most closely related to the onset of
	A)	gender identity.
	B)	menarche.
	C)	androgyny.
	D)	gender typing.

 

 

4.	Over the past decades, women have been increasingly expected to take responsibility for political leadership. This best illustrates a change in
	A)	sexual orientation.
	B)	gender identity.
	C)	secondary sex characteristics.
	D)	gender roles.

 

 

5.	The effect of rewards and punishments on gender typing is most clearly emphasized by
	A)	evolutionary psychology.
	B)	cognitive neuroscience.
	C)	Freudian psychology.
	D)	social learning theory.

 

 

6.	The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role is called
	A)	sexual orientation.
	B)	androgyny.
	C)	gender typing.
	D)	a secondary sex characteristic.

 

 

7.	The concepts of masculinity and femininity that we use to organize our world are called gender
	A)	types.
	B)	schemas.
	C)	roles.
	D)	complexes.

 

 

8.	The removal of a woman’s ovaries may contribute to decreasing sexual interest because her natural ________ level is ________.
	A)	testosterone; lowered
	B)	testosterone; raised
	C)	prolactin; lowered
	D)	prolactin; raised

 

 

9.	During which phase of the sexual response cycle does the refractory period begin?
	A)	the plateau phase
	B)	the resolution phase
	C)	the excitement phase
	D)	orgasm

 

 

10.	________ involves sexual arousal from fantasies, behaviors, or urges involving nonhuman objects, the suffering of self or others, and/or nonconsenting persons.
	A)	Paraphilia
	B)	Sexual dysfunction
	C)	Erectile disorder
	D)	HPV

 

 

11.	________ is an enduring sexual attraction toward members of one’s own sex, the other sex, or both sexes.
	A)	Sexual orientation
	B)	Paraphilia
	C)	Sexual dysfunction
	D)	Homosexuality

 

 

12.	Women, more than men, prefer to alternate periods of frequent sexual activity with periods of very little sexual activity. This best illustrates a gender difference in
	A)	sexual orientation.
	B)	erotic plasticity.
	C)	refractory periods.
	D)	the sexual response cycle.

 

 

13.	The fraternal birth-order effect refers to a factor associated with
	A)	pedophilia.
	B)	sexual dysfunction.
	C)	erectile disorder.
	D)	sexual orientation.

 

 

14.	According to evolutionary psychology, men’s tendency to pair widely and women’s tendency to pair wisely are best explained by the fact that these different strategies have contributed to men’s and women’s
	A)	erotic plasticity.
	B)	reproductive success.
	C)	social scripts.
	D)	paraphilias.

 

 

15.	Social learning theory is most likely to highlight the importance of ________ in accounting for the ways in which we sexually interact with others.
	A)	refractory periods
	B)	the older-brother effect
	C)	prolactin
	D)	social scripts

 

 

16.	Men and women can achieve orgasm alone. Yet most people experience a greater surge in ________, the hormone associated with sexual satiety, after intercourse and orgasm with their loved one.
	A)	estrogen
	B)	prolactin
	C)	serotonin
	D)	epinephrine

 

 

 

Answer Key

 

1.	D
2.	C
3.	B
4.	D
5.	D
6.	C
7.	B
8.	A
9.	B
10.	A
11.	A
12.	B
13.	D
14.	B
15.	D
16.	B

1.	Compared with boys, girls spend
	A)	more time with friends.
	B)	less time in clubs.
	C)	more time in competitive sports.
	D)	less time engaging in social relationships.

 

 

2.	During middle and late adulthood, women become progressively ________ self-confident and men become progressively ________ empathic.
	A)	more; more
	B)	less; less
	C)	more; less
	D)	less; more

 

 

3.	A single ________ on the ________ chromosome plays a crucial role in the prenatal development of the testes.
	A)	gene; X
	B)	gender schema; X
	C)	gene; Y
	D)	gender schema; Y

 

 

4.	Due to an insensitivity to male sex hormones during prenatal development, Robin, a genetically male baby, was born with external genitals characteristic of a female baby. Robin most clearly shows signs of a
	A)	refractory period.
	B)	disorder of sexual development.
	C)	bisexual orientation.
	D)	paraphilia.

 

 

5.	In some cultures, men are expected to take primary responsibility for managing household finances and women are expected to take primary responsibility for preparing household meals. This best illustrates aspects of
	A)	gender identity.
	B)	androgyny.
	C)	secondary sex characteristics.
	D)	gender roles.

 

 

6.	People are especially likely to show flexibility in their career choices if they are
	A)	bisexual.
	B)	androgynous.
	C)	asexual.
	D)	gender-typed.

 

 

7.	Because he believes that crying is a feminine trait, 14-year-old George has difficulty admitting that a movie makes him tearful. His experience best illustrates the impact of
	A)	sex chromosomes.
	B)	androgyny.
	C)	gender schemas.
	D)	secondary sex characteristics.

 

 

8.	Masters and Johnson described four stages of
	A)	prenatal sexual development.
	B)	sexual dysfunction.
	C)	the sexual response cycle.
	D)	sexual orientation.

 

 

9.	Which of the following is indicative of a sexual dysfunction?
	A)	pedophilia
	B)	premature ejaculation
	C)	erotic plasticity
	D)	refractory periods

 

 

10.	Mr. Jen experiences distressing and recurrent urges to inflict suffering on other people in order to become sexually aroused. His difficulty best illustrates
	A)	sexual orientation.
	B)	a paraphilia.
	C)	a sexual dysfunction.
	D)	erotic plasticity.

 

 

11.	Teenage girls are especially vulnerable to ________ because of their lower levels of protective antibodies.
	A)	short refractory periods
	B)	sexual dysfunction
	C)	erotic plasticity
	D)	STIs

 

 

12.	In studies that followed hundreds of New Zealand and U.S. girls from age 5 to 18, ________ was linked to sexual activity before age 16.
	A)	erotic plasticity
	B)	a homosexual orientation
	C)	a father’s absence
	D)	gender typing

 

 

13.	Which of the following is NOT true with respect to sexual orientation?
	A)	Virtually all cultures in all times have been predominantly heterosexual.
	B)	The environmental factors that influence sexual orientation are presently unknown.
	C)	Identical twins are somewhat more likely than fraternal twins to share a homosexual orientation.
	D)	With the help of a therapist, most people find it easy to change their sexual orientation.

 

 

14.	Which of the following is NOT a gay-straight trait difference?
	A)	gender nonconformity
	B)	occupational preferences
	C)	relative finger lengths
	D)	visual depth perception

 

 

15.	Heterosexual men feel most romantically attracted to women whose waists are roughly a third narrower than their hips. Evolutionary psychology most clearly attributes this preference to the fact that this physical characteristic is associated with
	A)	cosmetic surgery.
	B)	future fertility.
	C)	food shortages.
	D)	a fat-free diet.

 

 

16.	Who are most likely to be criticized for overestimating the impact of genes on male-female differences in sexual behavior?
	A)	behaviorists
	B)	cross-cultural psychologists
	C)	evolutionary psychologists
	D)	social learning theorists

 

 

 

Answer Key

 

1.	A
2.	A
3.	C
4.	B
5.	D
6.	B
7.	C
8.	C
9.	B
10.	B
11.	D
12.	C
13.	D
14.	D
15.	B
16.	C