Health Psychology (B&B Psychology) 9th Edition By Shelley Taylor - Test Bank

Health Psychology (B&B Psychology) 9th Edition By Shelley Taylor – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 05

Health-Compromising Behaviors

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (p. 79)Alcohol abuse and smoking share a window of vulnerability especially during _____.
   A. adolescence
   B. adulthood
   C. middle age
   D. old age

 

Level: Factual

2. (p. 79)Health compromising behaviors usually cluster and emerge during _____.
   A. adolescence
   B. adulthood
   C. middle age
   D. old age

 

Level: Factual

3. (p. 80)Individuals who are obese have a body mass index (BMI) of _____.
   A. over 15
   B. over 20
   C. over 25
   D. over 30

 

Level: Factual

 

 

4. (p. 80)Fat should ideally constitute about _____ percent of body tissue in women.
   A. 30-37
   B. 6-13
   C. 15-22
   D. 20-27

 

Level: Factual

5. (p. 80)_____ is presently the most severe problem in the United States.
   A. Alcoholism
   B. Smoking
   C. Anorexia
   D. Obesity

 

Level: Factual

6. (p. 81)Obesity is a chief cause of _____.
   A. lung cancer
   B. memory loss
   C. disability
   D. drug abuse

 

Level: Factual

7. (p. 82)_____ is an especially potent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
   A. Abdominally localized fat
   B. Localized fat in the hips
   C. Fat in the thighs
   D. Fat in the buttocks

 

Level: Factual

 

 

8. (p. 82)Fat tissues produce _____ that exacerbate diseases related to inflammatory processes.
   A. carotenaemia
   B. proinflammatory cytokines
   C. inflammatory smears
   D. keratin

 

Level: Factual

9. (p. 83)_____ is secreted by fat cells that signal the neurons of the hypothalamus to determine if the body has sufficient stores of fat.
   A. Dopamine
   B. Collagen
   C. Leptin
   D. Ghrelin

 

Level: Factual

10. (p. 83)_____ is secreted by specialized cells in the stomach that stimulate hunger.
    A. Ghrelin
    B. Leptin
    C. Collagen
    D. Dopamine

 

Level: Factual

11. (p. 84)Overweight is defined as greater than or equal to the _____ percentile of age and sex-specific BMI.
    A. 80^th
    B. 85^th
    C. 95^th
    D. 90^th

 

Level: Factual

 

 

12. (p. 84)Obesity depends on both the number and size of fat cells, and moderately obese people are said to have:
    A. a large number of small fat cells.
    B. a limited number of small fat cells.
    C. a large number of large fat cells.
    D. a limited number of large fat cells.

 

Level: Factual

13. (p. 85)Many obese people have high _____ which promotes overeating due to increased hunger.
    A. dopamine levels
    B. serotonin levels
    C. basal insulin levels
    D. estrogen levels

 

Level: Factual

14. (p. 87)In a _____ surgery an adjustable gastric band is inserted surgically around the top of the stomach to create a small pouch in the upper stomach to reduce the stomach’s capacity to take in food.
    A. lumbar fusion
    B. lap band
    C. lobectomy
    D. mastectomy

 

Level: Factual

 

 

15. (p. 89)Women between the ages of _____ are most likely to be suffering from eating disorders.
    A. 45-54
    B. 35-44
    C. 25-34
    D. 15-24

 

Level: Factual

16. (p. 90)Which of the following characteristics is usually exhibited by anorexics?
    A. Lack of control
    B. Subservient behavior
    C. Disregard for approval
    D. Excessive self-control

 

Level: Conceptual

17. (p. 90)Monica is extremely concerned about her weight, she is influenced by TV shows and magazines that portray women with supposedly good figures, and she has a flawed perception of most women’s actual and ideal weight. These symptoms are a likely cause of which of the following disorders?
    A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
    B. Binge eating
    C. Anorexia nervosa
    D. Anxiety disorder

 

Level: Applied

18. (p. 91)Binge eating is usually triggered by:
    A. negative emotions produced by stressful experiences.
    B. excessive smoking habits.
    C. hunger splurges in anorexic individuals.
    D. collagen that is produced in the cells of the stomach.

 

Level: Factual

 

 

19. (p. 93)_____ is a process by which the body increasingly adapts to the use of a substance, requiring larger and larger doses of it to obtain the same effects, and eventually reaching a plateau.
    A. Withdrawal
    B. Tolerance
    C. Metacognition
    D. Relapse

 

Level: Factual

20. (p. 93)John has been a chain smoker for the past ten years. He quit a week ago, and since then he has been fighting the urge to smoke again. It is especially difficult for him to abstain when he is around other smokers. This is an example of _____.
    A. addiction
    B. tolerance
    C. craving
    D. withdrawal

 

Level: Applied

21. (p. 94)Individuals usually begin drinking to:
    A. decrease their self-esteem.
    B. improve their cognitive functioning.
    C. avoid social occasions.
    D. enhance positive emotions.

 

Level: Factual

22. (p. 94)Alcohol consumption is associated with:
    A. lowered self-esteem.
    B. increased cognitive functioning.
    C. reduced anxiety.
    D. increased depression.

 

Level: Factual

 

 

23. (p. 94)Late-onset problem drinkers are:
    A. less likely to control their drinking on their own.
    B. less likely to be successfully treated.
    C. more likely to control their drinking on their own.
    D. more likely to use alcohol as a coping method for managing stress.

 

Level: Factual

24. (p. 94)The first phase of treatment for alcoholics begins with _____.
    A. follow-up
    B. maintenance of sobriety
    C. detoxification
    D. rehabilitation

 

Level: Factual

25. (p. 95)The occurrence of a major stressful event within the first _____ days after treatment can trigger relapse among apparently recovered alcoholics.
    A. 30
    B. 60
    C. 90
    D. 120

 

Level: Factual

26. (p. 95)A meta-analysis of alcohol treatment outcome studies estimates that more than _____ percent of treated patients relapse within the first three months after treatment.
    A. 10
    B. 25
    C. 50
    D. 75

 

Level: Factual

 

 

27. (p. 96)Alcohol treatment programs are more successful with:
    A. people from low socio-economic statuses.
    B. people from high socio-economic statuses.
    C. female clients.
    D. juvenile delinquents.

 

Level: Factual

28. (p. 96)Alcoholics Anonymous was one of the earliest _____ for people suffering from health problems.
    A. out-groups
    B. self-help groups
    C. for-profit organizations
    D. government-funded organizations

 

Level: Factual

29. (p. 96)Which of the following components, if included, can produce up to a 40% treatment success rate for alcoholism?
    A. Excluding relatives and employers from the treatment process
    B. Increasing the length of participation
    C. Avoiding environmental factors that may elicit drinking behavior
    D. Instilling coping skills to manage environmental pressures

 

Level: Conceptual

30. (p. 96)_____ is required to complement formal alcohol intervention efforts so more people can receive formal treatment.
    A. Collaborative therapy
    B. Social engineering
    C. Transactional analysis
    D. Theraplay

 

Level: Factual

 

 

31. (p. 97)Which of the following best describes placebo drinking?
    A. Consuming five or more drinks on the same day for at least three days in a week
    B. Drinking with the primary aim of getting others in a group heavily intoxicated
    C. Consuming non-alcoholic beverages
    D. Drinking once every six months with an intention to get intoxicated

 

Level: Conceptual

32. (p. 98)Evaluations of alcohol prevention programs for adolescents suggest that such programs:
    A. are expensive and ineffective.
    B. enhance participants’ sense of self-efficacy.
    C. have little influence on individuals ability to resist peer pressure.
    D. rarely impact the social norms associated with the onset of drinking.

 

Level: Factual

33. (p. 99)_____ is the single greatest cause of preventable death.
    A. Obesity
    B. Alcoholism
    C. Anorexia
    D. Smoking

 

Level: Factual

34. (p. 99)Smoking accounts for more than _____ deaths every year in the United States.
    A. 400,000
    B. 553,000
    C. 500,000
    D. 443,000

 

Level: Factual

 

 

35. (p. 99)In the United States, the most common cause of smoking-related mortality is _____.
    A. liver cirrhosis
    B. heart disease
    C. lung cancer
    D. stroke

 

Level: Factual

36. (p. 100)Maxwell is a smoker. He works long hours for a low pay, and has a considerable amount of stress at work. He also suffers from high cholesterol and blood pressure. The doctor suspects that Maxwell’s problems may be related to his smoking habit. This is called the ____ effects of smoking.
    A. instantaneous
    B. extraneous
    C. converse
    D. synergistic

 

Level: Applied

37. (p. 100)The first _____ on smoking from the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and U. S. Public Health Service was published in 1964.
    A. consumer report
    B. emergency medical journal
    C. surgeon general’s report
    D. National Healthcare Quality Report

 

Level: Factual

 

 

38. (p. 100)It is estimated that by 2050, three million men in _____ will die from the effects of tobacco.
    A. America
    B. India
    C. China
    D. Argentina

 

Level: Factual

39. (p. 101)Individuals who possess genes that regulate the functioning of _____ are likely candidates for inheriting smoking influences.
    A. pentose
    B. dopamine
    C. nucleophile
    D. allele

 

Level: Factual

40. (p. 102)Identifying oneself as a smoker:
    A. reduces the chances of getting addicted to any other substance.
    B. increases an individual’s self-esteem.
    C. increases the chances of being a quitter.
    D. impedes the ability to quit smoking.

 

Level: Factual

41. (p. 103)_____ is used to engage neuroregulators which produce temporary improvements in performance.
    A. Heroin
    B. Bromide
    C. Alcohol
    D. Nicotine

 

Level: Factual

 

 

42. (p. 103)Which among the following is the strongest addictive?
    A. Nicotine
    B. Alcohol
    C. Heroine
    D. Morphine

 

Level: Conceptual

43. (p. 103)Which of the following is a long-term effect of abstaining from smoking?
    A. Reduced energy levels
    B. Increased symptoms of withdrawal
    C. Reduced self-esteem
    D. Increased sense of mastery

 

Level: Conceptual

44. (p. 103)Group interventions may not address the motives underlying smoking habits because:
    A. smokers are already aware of the benefits of remaining abstinent.
    B. previous interventions have proven to be unsuccessful.
    C. smoking patterns are highly individualized.
    D. smokers prefer solitude.

 

Level: Factual

 

 

45. (p. 103)Which of the following best explains the Nicotine Replacement Therapy?
    A. A nicotine patch steadily releases doses of nicotine into the bloodstream to increase the chances of smoking cessation
    B. A technique that teaches positive methods of communicating emotion, and handling conflict to avoid relapse
    C. A combination of medication and cognitive behavioral techniques are applied to inculcate self-monitoring habit
    D. A treatment designed to restore, and rehabilitate an individual’s level of functioning to promote health and wellness

 

Level: Conceptual

46. (p. 103)Mass media has dramatically changed attitudes toward smoking because it:
    A. provides information to smokers about health effects, although it has little effect on their habit.
    B. promotes smoking as a habit adopted by people from high-class societies.
    C. promotes antismoking attitudes which seem to have a great impact on the society.
    D. provides information about health habits that discourage nonsmokers from beginning smoking.

 

Level: Factual

47. (p. 104)Ex-smokers are more likely to be successful over the short term if they:
    A. reduce contact with their family.
    B. discourage their friends from smoking.
    C. have supportive friends who smoke.
    D. have a supportive partner.

 

Level: Factual

 

 

48. (p. 105)Adult smokers benefit from cognitive behavioral interventions that:
    A. include maintenance of the stimuli that elicit and maintain smoking.
    B. induce self-monitoring.
    C. undermine successful smoking cessation.
    D. expel alternative coping techniques.

 

Level: Factual

49. (p. 105)Brief interventions by ____ can bring about smoking cessation and control relapse.
    A. physiotherapists
    B. physicians
    C. employers
    D. government authorities

 

Level: Factual

50. (p. 106)Which of the following is a component of a social influence intervention?
    A. Materials are developed to convey a negative image of a smoker.
    B. The peer group is asked to debar the smoker until the frequency of smoking is reduced.
    C. Information on the effects of smoking is carefully constructed to appeal to adolescents.
    D. New experimental methods such as cognitive recalibration is used to cease smoking.

 

Level: Conceptual

51. (p. 107)Social influence programs are known to reduce smoking rates for as long as _____ years.
    A. thirteen
    B. seven
    C. ten
    D. four

 

Level: Factual

 

 

52. (p. 107)_____ is a common cause of prenatal exposure to secondhand smoke.
    A. Yellow-nail syndrome
    B. Asperger syndrome
    C. Fetal alcohol syndrome
    D. Sudden infant death syndrome

 

Level: Factual

53. (p. 108)Most treatment programs for alcoholism begin with a _____, and is followed by some cognitive behavioral techniques.
    A. medication program
    B. follow-up session
    C. drying out period
    D. relapse session

 

Level: Factual

54. (p. 108)In any kind of intervention, the _____ is the best predictor of success.
    A. physician
    B. spouse
    C. patient
    D. family

 

Level: Factual

55. (p. 108)Cognitive behavioral techniques can produce weight losses of two pounds every week for up to _____ weeks, maintained over a two-year period.
    A. ten
    B. twenty
    C. five
    D. thirty

 

Level: Factual

 

 

True / False Questions

56. (p. 88)Multimodal programs include training in eliciting effective support from families, friends, and coworkers.
    TRUE

 

Level: Factual

57. (p. 88)Restricting smoking to a particular place is an example of social engineering.
    TRUE

 

Level: Factual

58. (p. 95)Research shows that most alcoholics eventually receive some form of inpatient or outpatient treatment.
    FALSE

 

Level: Factual

59. (p. 97)Often, merely monitoring drinking leads to a reduction in drinking.
    TRUE

 

Level: Factual

60. (p. 98)Alcohol interventions are increasingly being incorporated into freshman orientation programs in colleges.
    TRUE

 

Level: Factual

 

 

61. (p. 98)AlcoholEdu® is an on-campus alcohol prevention program used by more than 500 college and university campuses.
    FALSE

 

Level: Factual

62. (p. 98)MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving) was founded and staffed by the families and friends of those killed by drunk drivers.
    TRUE

 

Level: Factual

63. (p. 101)Trying cigarettes make a person significantly more likely to use other drugs in the future.
    TRUE

 

Level: Factual

64. (p. 104)It is well-established that commercial smoking cessation programs have higher cure rates.
    FALSE

 

Level: Factual

65. (p. 107)Passive smoking or secondhand smoke is a documented health risk.
    TRUE

 

Level: Factual

 

 

Essay Questions

66. (p. 79)Describe the important characteristics of health-compromising behaviors.

The most vulnerable period for health-compromising behaviors is adolescence. These behaviors begin in early adolescence and sometimes cluster together as part of a problem behavior syndrome. They develop gradually as the person is exposed to the behavior, and experiments with it and later engages in it regularly. Substance abuse is another major risk factor affecting adolescents. Adolescents with a penchant for deviant behavior and with low self-esteem also show these behaviors.

 

Level: Factual

67. (p. 92)Describe the biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors implicated in alcohol abuse.

Alcohol abuse has a negative impact as it poses a great health issue. High blood pressure, stroke, cirrhosis of the liver, some forms of cancer are biological risk factors. Psychologically, excessive alcohol consumption can lead to brain atrophy and consequent deteriorating of cognitive functioning. Socio-culturally, alcohol abuse deteriorates the general health standards of a nation, and it costs billions of dollars every year due to lack of productivity. It also increases the use of health care resources to treat alcoholism.

 

Level: Factual

68. (p. 95)Explain the problem of relapse in the treatment of alcohol abuse. Which intervention strategies address this problem most effectively?

Relapse occurs when an individual who has quit an addictive substance begins to reuse it in high-risk situations by giving-in to environmental temptations. Therefore, relapse prevention is a major concern in most intervention programs. Relapse prevention helps clients restructure their environment to remove temptation, and develop coping strategies to deal with high-risk situations. Most often cognitive behavioral techniques and relaxation techniques have proven to be successful intervention strategies to address alcohol abuse.

 

Level: Factual

 

 

69. (p. 100)Identify and discuss the synergistic effects of smoking on other health-related risk factors.

Smoking enhances the detrimental effects of other risk factors. Smoking and cholesterol interact to produce higher rates of heart disease. Stress and smoking can also interact in dangerous ways. For example, nicotine can increase heart rate reactivity to stress in men, and increase blood pressure responses to stress in women. Weight and smoking can also interact to increase mortality. Cigarette smokers who are thin are at an increased risk of mortality compared with average-weight smokers. Smoking is a more likely habit among people who are depressed, and it interacts synergistically with depression to substantially increase risks of cancer. Smoking is also related to anxiety in adolescence.

 

Level: Factual

70. (p. 101)What are the factors associated with smoking in adolescents?

Adolescents are more likely to start smoking if their parents smoke, or if they are from a lower social class. Most adolescents begin smoking due to social pressures, and if there has been a major stressor in the family such as parental separation or job loss. Once adolescents begin to smoke, the risks they perceive from smoking decline, and so smoking itself reduces perceptions of risk. Teenagers whose ideal self-image is close to that of a typical smoker is most likely to smoke. Low self-esteem, dependency, feelings of powerlessness, and social isolation increase the tendency to imitate others and begin smoking.

 

Level: Factual