Human Anatomy & Physiology 10th Edition by Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn - Test Bank Instant Download - Complete Test Bank With Answers Sample Questions Are Posted Below Human Anatomy & Physiology, 10e, (Marieb) Chapter 5 The Integumentary System 5.1 Matching Questions Figure 5.1 Using Figure 5.1, …
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Human Anatomy & Physiology, 10e, (Marieb)
Chapter 5 The Integumentary System
5.1 Matching Questions
Figure 5.1
Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
1) Site of the dermal ridges that produce epidermal ridges on the epidermal surfaces of the fingers.
Section: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
2) Responsible for shock absorption and located in the hypodermis.
Section: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
3) Pulls the hair follicle into an upright position.
Section: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
4) Sudoriferous gland.
Section: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
5) Dense irregularly arranged, fibrous connective tissue.
Section: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
6) Region that thickens markedly when one gains weight.
Section: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
7) Where capillary loops are found.
Section: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
Answers: 1) B 2) E 3) A 4) C 5) D 6) E 7) B
Match the following:
8) The most abundant cells of the epidermis.
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
9) The protein found in the epidermis that is responsible for toughening the skin.
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
10) Cells plus a disc-like sensory nerve ending that functions as a sensory receptor for touch.
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
11) Skin macrophages that help activate the immune system.
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
12) Cell remnants of the stratum corneum.
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
Answers: 8) A 9) B 10) E 11) D 12) C
Match the following:
13) The layer of the epidermis where the cells are considered protective but nonviable.
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
14) The glands that serve an important function in thermoregulation.
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
15) The layer that contains the mitotic viable cells of the epidermis.
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
16) Hair that lacks pigment and is often called “immature hair.”
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
Answers: 13) A 14) C 15) B 16) D
Match the following:
17) May indicate embarrassment, fever, hypertension, inflammation, or allergy.
Section: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 5.4
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
18) May indicate fear, anger, anemia, or low blood pressure.
Section: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 5.4
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
19) Usually indicates a liver disorder.
Section: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 5.4
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
20) Appearance of a permanent tan; bronzing.
Section: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 5.4
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
21) A bluish color in light-skinned individuals.
Section: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 5.4
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
Answers: 17) D 18) C 19) B 20) A 21) E
Figure 5.2
Using Figure 5.2, match the following:
22) Hypodermis.
Section: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
23) Epidermis.
Section: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
24) Reticular layer of the dermis.
Section: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
25) Papillary layer of the dermis.
Section: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
Answers: 22) D 23) A 24) C 25) B
5.2 True/False Questions
1) The apocrine sweat glands are not the primary gland involved in thermoregulation.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 5.7
Learning Outcome: 5.9
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
2) The dense fibrous connective tissue portion of the skin is located in the reticular region of the dermis.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
3) The protein found in large amounts in the outermost layer of epidermal cells is collagen.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
4) Joe just burned himself on a hot pot. and the burn is quite painful. Joe’s burn would best be described as a third-degree burn.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
5) The reason that the nail bed appears pink is the presence of a large number of melanocytes in the underlying dermis.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 5.6
Learning Outcome: 5.7
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
6) During the regressive phase of hair growth, the matrix is inactive and the follicle atrophies.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 5.5
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
7) The skin cancer most likely to metastasize is cancer of the melanocytes.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 1.6, 5.9
Learning Outcome: 5.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
8) The skin is not able to receive stimuli because the cells of the epidermis are not living and therefore there are no sensory receptors in the skin.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.2, 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
9) The dermis contains blood vessels and nerve fibers while the epidermis does not.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.2, 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
10) For a doctor, simply looking at a patient’s skin can help in making a diagnosis.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 1.6, 5.4
Learning Outcome: 5.5
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
11) When an individual is exposed to extremely cold air the dermal blood vessels will dilate so that more blood will be brought closer to the outside surface of the skin.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 1.6, 5.8
Learning Outcome: 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
12) Regardless of race, all human beings have about the same number of melanocytes.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 1.6, 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
13) Cells in the stratum corneum undergo mitosis to keep the layer thick and protective.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 1.6, 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
14) The pinkish hue of individuals with fair skin is the result of the crimson color of oxygenated hemoglobin (contained in red blood cells) circulating in the dermal capillaries and reflecting through the epidermis.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.4
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
15) When a patient is said to have “third-degree burns,” this indicates that the patient has burns that cover approximately one-third or more of the body.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 1.6, 5.9
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
16) Thick skin has a more extensive dermal layer than thin skin.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
17) The action of the arrector pili muscle is very similar in humans as it is in other mammals but its beneficial functions differ.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 5.5
Learning Outcome: 5.5
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS3, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 4 Analysis
1.3 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer.
Answer: B
Section: 5.9
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
2) The major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following except ________.
Answer: A
Section: 5.5
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
3) The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________.
Answer: D
Section: 5.9
Learning Outcome: 5.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
4) A splinter penetrated into the skin of the sole of the foot, almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured?
Answer: A
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
5) Which of the following is a skin sensory receptor for touch?
Answer: D
Section: 5.8
Learning Outcome: 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
6) Which statement correctly explains why hair appears the way it does?
Answer: A
Section: 5.5
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
7) The function of the root hair plexus is to ________.
Answer: B
Section: 5.5
Learning Outcome: 5.5
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
8) Which glands produce ear wax?
Answer: B
Section: 5.7
Learning Outcome: 5.9
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
9) The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that ________.
Answer: D
Section: 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.3
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
10) Which of the following cells and their functions are correctly matched?
Answer: C
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 4 Analysis
11) Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes ________.
Answer: C
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
12) The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?
Answer: D
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
13) Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin?
Answer: A
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 4 Analysis
14) The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer. Which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis?
Answer: B
Section: 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
15) The dermis has two major layers. Which layer constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin?
Answer: C
Section: 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
16) Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been previously stretched and/or torn?
Answer: B
Section: 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
17) The papillary layer of the dermis is composed of loosely packed connective tissue with numerous peg-like projections that provide a great deal of surface area connecting the dermis to the epidermis. Which of the statements below do not represent benefits provided by the papillary layer’s anatomy?
Answer: B
Section: 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.3, 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
18) The friction ridges seen in finger, palm and foot prints are different among various people but very similar between identical twins. This evidence suggests which of the following?
Answer: D
Section: 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.3
Global LO: G2
HAPS LO: HAPS10
Bloom’s Level: 6 Evaluation
19) Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body’s natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage?
Answer: D
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
20) Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following changes would suggest that a patient is suffering from Addison’s disease?
Answer: A
Section: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 5.4
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
21) What are the most important factors influencing hair growth?
Answer: D
Section: 5.5
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
22) Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?
Answer: A
Section: 5.7
Learning Outcome: 5.9
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
23) The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is ________.
Answer: B
Section: 5.7
Learning Outcome: 5.9
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
24) Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem to play little role in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body?
Answer: A
Section: 5.7
Learning Outcome: 5.9
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
25) The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated ________.
Answer: D
Section: 5.7
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
26) In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin?
Answer: C
Section: 5.8
Learning Outcome: 5.10a
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
27) Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss?
Answer: A
Section: 5.9
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
28) Eyebrow hairs are always shorter than hairs on your head because ________.
Answer: A
Section: 5.5
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
29) Cells of the stratum spinosum have many interlocking desmosomes that will remain between the cells as they migrate to the stratum corneum. These cell junctions serve the body by ________.
Answer: C
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2, 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
30) Which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback?
Answer: D
Section: 1.4, 5.2
Learning Outcome: 1.7, 1.8, 5.2, 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 4 Analysis
31) Which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback?
Answer: C
Section: 1.4, 5.2
Learning Outcome: 1.7, 1.8, 5.2, 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 4 Analysis
32) Which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback?
Answer: A
Section: 1.4, 5.2
Learning Outcome: 1.7, 1.8, 5.2, 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 4 Analysis
33) Which layer of skin is LEAST protected by melanin?
Answer: C
Section: 5.2, 5.9
Learning Outcome: 5.2, 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 4 Analysis
34) Which layer of the epidermis will be supplied with the highest levels of oxygen from the blood?
Answer: D
Section: 5.2, 5.9
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
35) A patient has skin that is slightly blue in color. A likely treatment for this person might be ________.
Answer: C
Section: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 5.3, 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 4 Analysis
36) The arrector pili muscle’s predominate, useful function in humans is to ________.
Answer: B
Section: 5.5
Learning Outcome: 5.5
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
37) Which of the following is not one of the functions of the skin?
Answer: B
Section: 5.8
Learning Outcome: 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
38) All of the following will help the skin to fight infection but one. Which of the following will have little effect on the skin’s ability to fight infection?
Answer: D
Section: 5.8
Learning Outcome: 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
39) A light skinned person who is very cold may have a pale appearance. Which of the following is the best explanation for why this might be so?
Answer: B
Section: 5.8
Learning Outcome: 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
40) A surgeon opens her patient by cutting the integument parallel to the cleavage lines of the dermis (tension lines). This will result in ________.
Answer: B
Section: 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.3
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
41) A light skinned person may appear pink when they become over heated. The best explanation for this is ________.
Answer: A
Section: 5.8
Learning Outcome: 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
42) William has a cut that is superficial, painful but not bleeding. Based on this information you would predict that the cut has penetrated to ________.
Answer: B
Section: 5.2, 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.2, 5.3, 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 4 Analysis
43) The surge of sex hormones that accompanies puberty has a wide range of effects on the body. One of those effects is to enhance the activity of the sebaceous glands, increasing the production of sebum. Which of the following is the most likely to result from the increased sebaceous activity?
Answer: D
Section: 5.7
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
1.4 Short Answer Questions
1) Cradle cap in infants is called ________.
Answer: seborrhea
Section: 5.7
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
2) The white crescent portion of the nail is called the ________.
Answer: lunula
Section: 5.6
Learning Outcome: 5.7
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
3) The layer of the epidermis immediately under the stratum lucidum in thick skin is the stratum ________.
Answer: granulosum
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
4) The ________ are the small muscles located in the dermis that cause goose bumps.
Answer: arrector pili
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G3
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
5) A summertime golden bronze tan may not be a tan at all; especially if the skin appears almost metallic bronze, it may be the result of ________ disease.
Answer: Addison’s
Section: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 5.4
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
6) The coarse hair of the eyebrows and scalp is called ________ hair.
Answer: terminal
Section: 5.5
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
7) Burns that result in injury to the epidermis and the upper regions of the dermis is called a ________ burn.
Answer: second-degree
Section: 5.9
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
8) Pigment-producing cells in the epidermis are ________.
Answer: melanocytes
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
9) The only place you will find stratum ________ is in the skin that covers the palms, fingertips, and soles of the feet.
Answer: lucidum
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
10) There are several reasons other than genetics for hair loss. Identify some of these other factors.
Answer: Stressors such as acutely high fever, surgery, severe emotional trauma; drugs such as antidepressants and chemotherapy drugs; burns and radiation; lack of adequate nutrition due to poor skin circulation; and a protein-deficient diet can cause hair loss or thinning.
Section: 5.5
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
11) In addition to the synthesis of vitamin D, keratinocytes are able to carry out some other biologically important functions. Name at least two of these other functions.
Answer: Keratinocyte enzymes can neutralize carcinogens that penetrate the epidermis. Keratinocytes are also able to convert topical cortisone to a more active anti-inflammatory form.
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
12) How are burns commonly classified? Give an example.
Answer: Burns are classified according to their severity or depth. For example, in first-degree burns, only the epidermis is damaged; in second degree burns, the epidermis and upper dermis are damaged; in third degree burns, there is widespread damage of epidermis and dermis.
Section: 5.9
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
13) What are vellus hairs?
Answer: pale, fine body hair associated with newborn children, women, bald men, and “peach fuzz” on all people.
Section: 5.5
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
14) Balding men have tried all kinds of remedies, including hair transplants, to restore their lost locks. Explain the cause of male pattern baldness.
Answer: It appears to be genetically determined and sex-linked, and is possibly caused by a delayed-action gene that responds to DHT and alters normal metabolism.
Section: 5.5
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 4 Analysis
15) The skin protects, but how does it protect us and from what? Describe how the epidermal dendritic cells and melanocytes protect us. Describe what these cells protect us from.
Answer: The epidermal dendritic cells act as antigen presenting cells (APC), they present part of the pathogens (fragments of pathogens called epitopes) to other immune system cells to trigger an immune response to an infection. The melanocytes produce melanin in response to exposure to cell damaging, ultraviolet light. UV light is converted to heat when it strikes melanin pigment. Unlike UV light, heat will not damage the cells particularly the DNA within the nucleus of the skin’s cells.
Section: 5.2, 5.8
Learning Outcome: 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS4
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
16) Billions of consumer dollars are spent for deodorants and antiperspirants each year. Explain the production of body odors frequently associated with axillary skin.
Answer: Sweat is mostly an odorless watery secretion produced by eccrine and apocrine glands. The odor usually arises when bacteria break down lipids and proteins in the surface secretions.
Section: 5.7
Learning Outcome: 5.9
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 4 Analysis
17) Why are the apocrine sweat glands fairly unimportant in thermal regulation?
Answer: They are largely confined to the axillary and anogenital regions rather than distributed on the body where heat can be more readily dissipated.
Section: 5.7
Learning Outcome: 5.9
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 4 Analysis
18) Why is profuse sweating on a hot day good, and yet a potential problem?
Answer: Good because the sweat and evaporating of the sweat causes cooling of the body. Bad because excessive water and salt loss may occur. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances may follow.
Section: 5.8
Learning Outcome: 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 4 Analysis
19) What is the function of skin dermal folds and deep skin creases?
Answer: to accommodate for joint movement
Section: 5.3
Learning Outcome: 5.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom’s Level: 2 Comprehension
1.5 Clinical Questions
1) The temperature yesterday was an uncomfortable 98°F. You unwisely chose to play tennis at noon, counting on your body’s internal defenses to protect you against heat exhaustion. How did your body respond to this distress?
Answer: The thermoreceptors sense the temperature change, and neural stimulation responds by stimulating sweat glands. Their watery products evaporated at the skin surface and cooled the body. Blood vessels in the dermis also responded by dilating and releasing heat to the exterior.
Section: 5.8
Learning Outcome: 5.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 4 Analysis
2) Mary noticed a large, brown spot on her skin. She has been playing tennis in the sun for several years without sun protection. She reported the discovery to a friend, who told her to apply the ABCD rule to determine whether or not she had malignant melanoma. Her friend told her that if her answer was “no” to the questions that were asked by the ABCD rule, she had nothing to worry about. What is the ABCD rule and should she ignore the spot if her answers are negative?
Answer: The ABCD rule refers to the following: asymmetry—where the two sides of the spot do not match; border irregularity—the borders are not round and smooth; color—the pigmented spot contains shades of black, brown, tan, and sometimes blues and reds; and diameter—the spot is larger than 6 mm in diameter. It is imperative that Mary have a physician examine the spot immediately. Any unusual lesion on the skin of a sun worshipper should be examined and the ABCD rule does not account for all possible factors, such as rapid growth, even if less than 6 mm.
Section: 5.9
Learning Outcome: 5.11
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 4 Analysis
3) The Waldorf family was caught in a fire but escaped. Unfortunately, the father and daughter suffered burns. The father had second-degree burns on his entire chest, abdomen, and both arms, and third-degree burns on his entire left lower extremity. The daughter suffered first-degree burns on her whole head and neck and second-degree burns throughout both lower extremities.
abdomen, but little pain in the leg. Why?
Answer:
Section: 5.9
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
4) Betty, an 83 year old woman, is bedfast due to a severely broken hip. Unfortunately, she has developed a decubitus ulcer. What is a decubitus ulcer and what may have caused it to occur?
Answer: A decubitus ulcer is a localized breakdown and ulceration of skin due to interference with its blood supply. Usually occurs over a bony prominence, such as the hip or heel, that is subjected to continuous pressure; also called a bedsore.
Section: Clinical terms
Learning Outcome: 5.10a
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 1 Knowledge
5) Melanoma is a form of skin cancer that arises from melanocytes. Melanoma is most common in Caucasians between 40 and 70 years of age. Explain why Caucasians would have a greater incidence of melanoma.
Answer: Melanoma has its beginnings in melanocytes, the skin pigment cells. These cells produce the dark protective pigment called melanin to protect against sun damage to DNA. Since the melanocytes in Caucasian people do not make as much melanin per cell as darker-skinned individuals, their melanocytes are more easily sun-damaged, resulting in damaged DNA cells that are more apt to lose genetic control of their own cell division.
Section: 5.9
Learning Outcome: 5.11
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
6) The 68-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital medical floor with a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis. His wife asks the nurse why his skin looks blue. How would you explain cyanosis to the patient and his wife?
Answer: Cyanosis is a dusky bluish or grayish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes that occurs with reduced oxygen levels. Without enough oxygen getting to the tissues the skin in Caucasians appears blue due to the color combination of dark maroon blood seen through the yellowish tint of skin. At close inspection of the conjunctiva and palms and soles may also show evidence of cyanosis.
Section: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 5.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
7) Explain why soap that has an alkaline base may not be healthy for some patients to use daily.
Answer: The skin’s acid mantle retards growth of bacteria. Soap may destroy the acid mantle of the skin, causing it to lose its protective mechanism. Some soaps contain antibacterial agents, which can change the natural flora of the skin.
Section: 5.2
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
8) Robert, a surfer, has a mole that has changed its shape and size. His doctor, applying the ABCDE) rule, diagnosed a melanoma. What do the letters ABCDE) represent?
Answer: A = asymmetry
B = border irregularity
C = color
D = diameter
E = elevation
Section: 5.9
Learning Outcome: 5.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS6
Bloom’s Level: 3 Application
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Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
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Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
