Human Biology 11th Edition-Sylvia S. Mader - test bank

Human Biology 11th Edition-Sylvia S. Mader – test bank

 

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Chapter 05

Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1. ________ tissues are important in assisting the cardiovascular system by collecting excess tissue fluid and eventually returning it to the cardiovascular system.
   A.Pulmonary
   B. Vascular
   C. Lymphatic
   D. Gastric
   E. Urinary

Lymphatic tissues are important in assisting the cardiovascular system by collecting excess tissue fluid and eventually returning it to the cardiovascular system.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.1
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

2. The innermost layer of an artery is known as the ____.
   A.mesothelium
   B. endothelium
   C. exothelium
   D. hyperthelium
   E. hypothelium

The innermost layer of an artery is known as the endothelium.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.2
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

3. Which of the following blood vessels are the only ones small, thin, and porous enough to exchange substances at the tissue level of organization?
   A.arterioles
   B. capillaries
   C. venules
   D. small arteries
   E. none of the above

Capillaries are narrow, microscopic tubes that are porous enough to allow for the exchange of substances at the tissue level of organization.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.2
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

4. What structure within a capillary bed shunts blood from the arteriole to the venule?
   A.precapillary valve
   B. endothelium
   C. precapillary sphincter
   D. pericardium
   E. shunt valve

The precapillary sphincter shunts blood from the arteriole to the venule.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.2
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

5. When dissecting a specimen, Barry noticed that the arteries are thicker and more elastic than the veins. Why are the arteries different from the veins?
   A.Veins have to return blood to the heart against gravity
   B. Arteries are thicker because the contain a greater volume of blood
   C. Veins have valves
   D. Arteries are under greater pressure
   E. None of the above

Arteries are thicker and more elastic than veins because they are under greater pressure.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.2
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

6. Choose the most correct statement concerning capillaries.
   A.Networks of capillaries are called capillary nets.
   B. Almost all capillaries are open at the same time.
   C. The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries.
   D. Pre-capillary sphincters contract to increase capillary flow.
   E. None of the choices are correct.

The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.2
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

7. What is the function of valves in the veins?
   A.increase the rate of blood flow
   B. prevent the backward flow of blood
   C. regulation of blood pressure
   D. oxygenate the blood
   E. None of the above

In the lower extremities, valves prevent the backflow of blood from occurring.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.2
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

8. The ______ serve as a reservoir for blood.
   A.veins
   B. lungs
   C. lymphatic vessels
   D. capillaries
   E. arterioles

Veins can serve as a blood reservoir

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.2
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

9. Dr. Ferguson explained that in a condition known as situs inversus, the internal organs are reversed in their orientation. Thus, the apex of the heart would be oriented to the ___.
   A.middle
   B. right
   C. left
   D. front
   E. back

In situs inversus the apex of the heart is tilted to the right.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

10. The ______ is a thick, membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart.
    A.mesothelium
    B. endothelium
    C. pericardium
    D. myocardium
    E. epicardium

The pericardium is a thick, membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

11. The upper chambers of the heart are known as the:
    A.atria
    B. auricles
    C. AV valves
    D. ventricles
    E. septa

The atria are the upper collecting chambers of the heart.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

12. Choose the correct statement concerning the heart.
    A.The heart is cone-shaped.
    B. The heart is about the size of human fist.
    C. The heart is normally tilted toward the left.
    D. The heart is between the lungs.
    E. All of the choices are correct.

The heart is a cone shaped organ located between the lungs. The heart is about the size of a human fist and normally oriented towards the left.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

13. The ____________ are known as the “strings of the heart”.
    A.cingulated pectorale
    B. chordae tendinae
    C. corpus albicans
    D. corpus callosum
    E. choroid plexus

The chordae tendinae are strong fibrous strings that serve to anchor the valves of the heart.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

14. Choose the correct statement regarding the anatomical features of the heart.
    A.The chordae tendineae attach to the atrial walls.
    B. The tricuspid valve is on the left side of the heart.
    C. The only function of heart valves is to prevent backflow.
    D. Pulmonary semi-lunar valves exit the left ventricle.
    E. None of the choices are correct.

The valves of the heart serve to prevent backflow of blood.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

15. The two lower pumping chambers of the heart are known as the _____.
    A.atria
    B. chordae tendinae
    C. septa
    D. ventricles
    E. myocardia

The two lower pumping chambers of the heart are known as the ventricles.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

16. The heart muscle is known as the ______________.
    A.epicardium
    B. mesocardium
    C. pericardium
    D. myocardium
    E. none of the above

The heart muscle is known as the myocardium.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

17. Shelley noticed that cardiac muscle possessed intercalated discs. She determined that these structures were important in allowing heart muscle cells to:
    A.simultaneously contract
    B. work independently
    C. conserve energy
    D. pool blood
    E. none of the above

Intercalated discs help the heart cells beat simultaneously.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

18. The coronary arteries:
    A.have a small diameter
    B. serve to provide blood to the heart
    C. lie on the exterior surface of the heart
    D. tend to become clogged
    E. all of the above

The coronary arteries lying on the exterior surface of the heart serve to provide the heart with blood. Since they are thin, they have a tendency to become clogged.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

19. The venae cavae carry low-oxygen blood to the ______ of the heart.
    A.right ventricle
    B. right atrium
    C. left ventricle
    D. left atrium
    E. chordae tendinae

The venae cavae carry low-oxygen blood to the right atrium of the heart.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

20. Follow the blood flow through the heart. Choose the correct statement concerning cardiac blood flow.
    A.The vena cavae contain oxygenated blood.
    B. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein.
    C. The right atrium sends blood through the bicuspid valve.
    D. Pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood.
    E. none of the above

In the heart, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

21. Follow the blood flow through the heart. Choose the correct statement concerning cardiac blood flow.
    A.The vena cava contains deoxygenated blood.
    B. The semilunar valves prevent backflow into the atria.
    C. The left atrium sends blood through the tricuspid valve.
    D. Pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood.

In the heart, the vena cava contains deoxygenated blood.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

22. Monica was concerned when her physician told her that she had a heart murmur. What is true concerning a murmur?
    A.Murmurs result from leaky valves
    B. Blood passes back into the aorta after the AV valves have closed
    C. Murmurs sound like a swoosh
    D. Murmurs can result from bacterial infections
    E. All of the above

Murmurs sound like a swooshing sound as the result of leaky valves that allows blood to pass back into the aorta after the AV valves have closed. Bacterial infections can cause murmurs.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

23. Which structure initiates the normal contraction impulse in the heart and is known as the pacemaker?
    A.SA node
    B. AV node
    C. ectopic pacemaker
    D. Purkinje fibers
    E. None of the above

The SA node (sinoatrial node) serves as the pacemaker of the heart initiating the normal contraction impulse in the heart.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

24. Which structure conducts the contraction impulse from the atria to the ventricles?
    A.SA node
    B. AV node
    C. ectopic pacemaker
    D. Purkinje fibers
    E. None of the above

The AV node (atrioventricular node) conducts the contraction impulse from the atria to the ventricles

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

25. Choose the following statement that is not accurate concerning the internal conduction system of the heart.
    A.SA node is on the superior dorsal wall of the right atrium.
    B. The AV node is at the base of the right atrium.
    C. The AV bundle has two branches.
    D. The Purkinje fibers are found in the atria of the heart.
    E. none of the above

Purkinje fibers are not found in the atria of the heart.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

26. The cardiac control center is located in the _______________.
    A.Purkinje fibers
    B. atrioventricular node
    C. sinoatrial node
    D. medulla oblongata
    E. cerebrum

The cardiac control center is located in the medulla oblongata of the brain.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

27. Walking down the dark road after watching a scary movie caused Tina’s heart to race. The _________ nervous system can cause the heart to beat fast.
    A.peripheral
    B. parasympathetic
    C. somatic
    D. sympathetic
    E. none of the above

The sympathetic nervous system can cause the heart to beat fast.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

28. The cardiologist informed Mr. Kirk that he had an enlarged P wave as the result of bicuspid (mitral) valve stenosis. The P wave indicates that the atria;
    A.have relaxed
    B. have contracted
    C. are about to contract
    D. are about to relax
    E. none of the above

The P wave indicates that the atria are about to contract.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

29. The cardiologist recommended performing another ECG on Mr. Kirk in order to:
    A.identify personal ECG patterns
    B. audibly detect heart murmurs
    C. detect cardiac abnormalities
    D. keep a personal record of the ECG on file
    E. audibly detect heart murmurs and detect cardiac abnormalities

The ECG is used to detect cardiac abnormalities.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.3
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

30. The alternating expansion and recoiling of an arterial wall can be felt as ______.
    A.fasciculation
    B. pressure
    C. flow
    D. a pulse
    E. a vibration

The alternating expansion and recoiling of an arterial wall can be felt as the pulse.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.4
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

31. ______ pressure occurs when the ventricles are relaxing and _______ occurs when the heart ejects blood.
    A.Systolic, diastolic
    B. Diastolic, systolic
    C. Pulmonary, ventricular
    D. Ventricular, pulmonary
    E. none of the above

Diastolic pressure occurs when the ventricles are relaxing and systolic occurs when the heart ejects blood.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.4
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

32. Mrs. Hinson was informed that her blood pressure was 150/95. These numbers indicate that she has __________.
    A.normal blood pressure
    B. prehypertension
    C. hypotension
    D. stage 1 hypertension
    E. stage 2 hypertension

Mrs. Hinson is suffering from stage 1 hypertension.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.4
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

33. An instrument that is used to measure blood pressure is known as a/an ___.
    A.stethoscope
    B. gas chromatograph
    C. sphygmomanometer
    D. Coulter counter
    E. None of the above

A sphygmomanometer is an instrument used to measure blood pressure.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.4
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

34. The physician’s report stated that Lisa fainted or had a syncope event. What causes this phenomenon?
    A.The brain was deprived of oxygen
    B. Blood pools in the heart
    C. Too much blood is sent to the brain
    D. Valves in the vein stop functioning
    E. None of the above

Fainting or syncope is a result of the brain being deprived of oxygen.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.4
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

35. Varicose veins of the anal region are called ____.
    A.polyps
    B. hemorrhoids
    C. pediculosis
    D. pruritus
    E. petichia

Varicose veins of the anal region are called hemorrhoids.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: Have you ever wondered?
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

36. Blood pressure ______ with distance from the left ventricle.
    A.decreases
    B. increases
    C. stays the same
    D. increases, then decreases
    E. varies

Blood pressure decreases with distance from the left ventricle.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.4
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

37. The largest artery in the systemic circuit is the ______.
    A.anterior vena cava
    B. pulmonary vein
    C. aorta
    D. femoral artery
    E. carotid artery

The aorta is the largest artery in the systemic circuit.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.5
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

38. Physicians are concerned that blood supply impeded by clogging of the ______ artery will not allow enough blood to the heart.
    A.Femoral
    B. Carotid
    C. Pulmonary
    D. Hepatic
    E. coronary

The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.5
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

39. The _____ system drains blood from the capillary beds of the digestive tract to a capillary bed in the liver.
    A.cephalic
    B. hepatic portal
    C. coronary
    D. celiac
    E. lymphatic

The hepatic portal system drains blood from the capillary beds of the digestive tract to a capillary bed in the liver.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.5
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

40. Plasma proteins such as albumens are important in establishing the ____ pressure of the blood.
    A.dynamic
    B. turgor
    C. osmotic
    D. coronary
    E. hepatic

Plasma proteins such as albumens are important in establishing the osmotic pressure of the blood.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.6
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

41. The lymphatic system serves to _________.
    A.take up excess tissue fluid and return it to the bloodstream
    B. absorb fats in the intestinal villi and transport them to the bloodstream
    C. help defend the body against disease
    D. does all of the above
    E. none of the above

The lymphatic system: takes up excess tissue fluid and returns it to the bloodstream, absorbs fats in the intestinal villi and transports them to the bloodstream, and helps to defend the body against disease.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.6
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

42. Small, round structures that cleanse the lymph of debris and pathogens are called ________.
    A.lymphatic capillaries
    B. lymph nodes
    C. lymph valves
    D. lacteals
    E. polyps

Small, round structures that cleanse the lymph of debris and pathogens are called lymph nodes.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.6
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

43. The physician explained that Sonny suffered from a ballooning or bulging of a blood vessel or ______.
    A.embolus
    B. aneurysm
    C. thrombus
    D. myocardial infarction
    E. stroke

An aneurysm is another name for a ballooning or bulging of a blood vessel.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.7
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

44. Mr. Everett suffered from a thrombus. If the thrombus dislodges and enters the bloodstream it becomes a/an ___.
    A.angina
    B. aneurysm
    C. polyp
    D. embolus
    E. infarction

If the thrombus dislodges and enters the bloodstream it becomes an embolus.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.7
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

45. Choose the following activity that is not recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease.
    A.Know your cholesterol level.
    B. Take antioxidant vitamins (A, E, and C).
    C. Raise the LDL intake.
    D. Use olive and canola oil rather than butter/cream.
    E. None of the above

Raising the low density lipoprotein level (LDL) is not recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.7
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

46. When does atherosclerosis usually begin?
    A.after 40
    B. in early childhood
    C. during the 20s
    D. after 60
    E. at birth

Atherosclerosis usually begins in early childhood and builds up through the years.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.7
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

47. A stent is:
    A.a cylinder of expandable metal mesh that is positioned inside a coronary artery
    B. a time spent in recovery after coronary bypass surgery
    C. used to treat phlebitis
    D. used to wrap the heart in to prevent congestive heart failure
    E. none of the above

A stent is a cylinder of expandable metal mesh that is positioned inside a coronary artery.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.7
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

48. Mr. Thompson is suffering from pain and pressure in the chest and left arm, neck, jaw, and shoulder. These could be symptoms of ___________.
    A.hypertension
    B. atherosclerosis
    C. stroke
    D. angina pectoris
    E. thrombus

Some of the symptoms of angina pectoris include: pain and pressure in the chest and left arm, neck, jaw, and shoulder.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.7
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: missing word sentence
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

49. Blood clots can be dissolved by using:
    A.nitroglycerine tablets
    B. a stent
    C. t-PA
    D. VEGF
    E. prothrombin

Blood clots can be dissolved by using t-PA.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.7
Level of difficulty: Apply/Analyze
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

50. Difficulties in adult heart transplants include:
    A.hearts are not readily available
    B. immune rejection
    C. sizes of hearts differ greatly
    D. hearts are not readily available and immune rejection
    E. All of the choices are correct.

Two of the major problems in adult heart transplants are the availability of hearts and immune rejection.

 

Chapter reference: 5
Figure/section reference: 5.7
Level of difficulty: Remember/Understand
Question type: multiple choice
Topic Area: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels