Introduction To Corecctions 2nd Edition By Robert D. Hanser - Test Bank

Introduction To Corecctions 2nd Edition By Robert D. Hanser – Test Bank

 

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 05: Probation

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The father of modern probation is__________.

a.	Cesare Beccaria
b.	Alexander Maconochie
c.	William Penn
d.	John Augustus

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   A Brief History of Probation            OBJ:   5.2                 COG:  Knowledge

 

2. Which sentence is most likely for offenders of serious crime?

a.	Probation
b.	Prison
c.	Jail
d.	Parole

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium

REF:   Probation When the Jail is Full         OBJ:   5.1                 COG:  Comprehension

 

3. Probation has its origins in what country?

a.	England
b.	France
c.	Spain
d.	United States

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium

REF:   A Brief History of Probation            OBJ:   5.1                 COG:  Comprehension

 

4. Probation began when a man being charged with __________ was bailed out and helped to become a functioning and productive member within the community.

a.	drunkenness
b.	statutory rape
c.	burglary
d.	trespassing

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium

REF:   A Brief History of Probation            OBJ:   5.2                 COG:  Comprehension

 

5. Which state was the last to formally establish adult probation?

a.	North Dakota
b.	Oregon
c.	Kentucky
d.	Mississippi

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   Historical Developments in Probation in the United States

OBJ:   5.2                 COG:  Knowledge

 

6. Which state is known as the home of probation?

a.	Pennsylvania
b.	Massachusetts
c.	New York
d.	Connecticut

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   The Administration of Probation                                       OBJ:   5.2

COG:  Knowledge

 

7. Which is the primary purpose of the presentence investigation report?

a.	Provides the court with past history of the defendant
b.	Provides the court with prior convictions of the defendant
c.	Provides the court with drug and alcohol issues of the defendant
d.	Provides the court with the necessary information from which a sentencing decision can be derived

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium

REF:   The Presentence Investigation          OBJ:   5.2                 COG:  Comprehension

 

8. Who is often responsible for completing the presentence investigation report?

a.	Probation officer
b.	District Attorney’s office
c.	Public Defender’s office
d.	Sheriff’s office

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   The Presentence Investigation          OBJ:   5.2                 COG:  Knowledge

 

9. From the standpoint of the probation officer, what are the two most important sections of the presentence investigation report?

a.	Evaluation and assessment
b.	Recommendation and interviews
c.	Evaluation and recommendation
d.	Assessment and interviews

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Hard

REF:   The Presentence Investigation          OBJ:   5.2                 COG:  Application

 

10. Probationers have general conditions of probation that they must meet. Which of the following conditions is not a general condition of probation?

a.	The probationer can possess a firearm.
b.	The probationer cannot leave the jurisdiction without court approval.
c.	The probationer must remain drug-free.
d.	The probationer must pay probation fees.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Hard               REF:   Conditions of Probation

OBJ:   5.3                 COG:  Application

 

11. Probation officers tend to be _________.

a.	white and male
b.	non-white and male
c.	white and female
d.	non-white and female

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium

REF:   Demographics of Probation Officers: Gender & Demographics of Probation Officers

OBJ:   5.4                 COG:  Comprehension

 

12. Most probation officers have at least what level of education?

a.	High school degree/GED
b.	Vocational training
c.	College degree
d.	Master’s degree

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium

REF:   Demographics of Probation Officers: Education                 OBJ:   5.4

COG:  Comprehension

 

13. Which is not a basic category used to describe the probation officer’s general tendency when supervising offenders?

a.	Paternal officer
b.	Maternal officer
c.	Punitive officer
d.	Welfare worker

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Hard

REF:   Probation Officers in the Role of Law Enforcers and Brokers of Services

OBJ:   5.4                 COG:  Application

 

14. Applicants for federal probation officer positions may not be older than _____ years old.

a.	45
b.	35
c.	37
d.	40

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   Qualifications for Probation Officers                                 OBJ:   5.4

COG:  Knowledge

 

15. The __________ will view the offender more as a client rather than a supervisee on his or her caseload. These individuals believe that, ultimately, the best way they can enhance security and safety of the community is by reforming the offender.

a.	punitive officer
b.	welfare worker
c.	paternal officer
d.	passive agent

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium

REF:   Probation Officers in the Role of Law Enforcers and Brokers of Services

OBJ:   5.3                 COG:  Comprehension

 

16. The __________ tends to view his or her job as just that, a job. These individuals will tend to do as little as possible, and they do not have passion for their jobs.

a.	passive agent
b.	paternal officer
c.	welfare worker
d.	punitive officer

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium

REF:   Probation Officers in the Role of Law Enforcers and Brokers of Services

OBJ:   5.3                 COG:  Comprehension

 

17. The recommended caseload size for a probation officer with a low risk adult caseload is:

a.	20.
b.	50.
c.	200.
d.	1,000.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Caseload Management

OBJ:   5.3                 COG:  Knowledge

 

18. Which stage of probation revocation proceedings provides the offender an opportunity to refute the evidence provided?

a.	Preliminary hearing
b.	Hearing stage
c.	Arraignment
d.	Sentencing stage

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   Probation Revocation

OBJ:   5.5                 COG:  Comprehension

 

19. Which is the first stage of the revocation proceeding?

a.	Sentencing stage
b.	Preliminary hearing
c.	Hearing stage
d.	Adjudication hearing

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   Probation Revocation

OBJ:   5.5                 COG:  Comprehension

 

TRUE/FALSE

 

20. Probation is a sanction that serves to reduce prison overcrowding.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   Introduction

OBJ:   5.1                 COG:  Comprehension

 

21. Without the use of probation sanctions, jails would simply collapse in their operation.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium

REF:   Probation When the Jail is Full         OBJ:   5.1                 COG:  Comprehension

 

22. Corrections are intended to do more than simply punish the offender but instead seek to reform the offender.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium

REF:   A Brief History of Probation            OBJ:   5.2                 COG:  Comprehension

 

23. In many cases, probation is administered through the same jurisdiction that also oversees the jailhouse.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   The Administration of Probation                                       OBJ:   5.3

COG:  Knowledge

 

24. Probation does not exist at the federal level.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   The Probation Agency

OBJ:   5.3                 COG:  Knowledge

 

25. The presentence investigation (PSI) report is typically the final point of assessment and is rarely utilized when the offender is first brought into a prison facility.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium

REF:   The Presentence Investigation          OBJ:   5.2                 COG:  Comprehension

 

26. There is rarely agreement between the probation officer’s recommendations and the judge’s decision when sentencing.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium

REF:   The Presentence Investigation          OBJ:   5.4                 COG:  Comprehension

 

27. The judge often is not the primary decision-maker in regard to an offender’s sentencing and/or the granting probation.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   Granting Probation

OBJ:   5.5                 COG:  Comprehension

 

28. Most probation officers do not carry a firearm.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Working Conditions

OBJ:   5.4                 COG:  Knowledge

 

ESSAY

 

29. Identify and discuss the qualifications, characteristics, and nature of work of most probation officers.

 

ANS:

 

The background qualifications for probation officers vary by state, but generally a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice, social work, or a related field is required for initial consideration. Entry-level probation officers should be in good physical and emotional condition. Most agencies require applicants to be at least 21 years old, and for federal employment, not older than 37 years old. Probation officers should have strong writing skills because they are required to prepare many reports. The majority of probation staff tends to be female, Caucasian, and tends to have a college degree. Probation officers supervise offenders who are placed on some form of probation and tend to spend more time monitoring the activities of these offenders than anything else. Probation officers most frequently maintain their supervision through personal contact with the offender, the offender’s family, and the offender’s employer. The daily working conditions for probation officers can be quite safe when in the officer, but can also be fairly dangerous when conducting field visits.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Hard              REF:   Probation Officers

OBJ:   5.4                 COG:  Application

 

30. Essentially, there are two primary cases that established due process rights for probationers. Identify and explain each case and their role in the revocation process.

 

ANS:

 

Morrissey v. Brewer (1972) and Gagnon v. Scarpelli (1973). The Morrissey court ruled that parolees facing revocation must be given due process rights through a prompt informal inquiry before an impartial hearing officer. The court ruled that this be through a two-step hearing process when revoking parole. The reason for this two-step process is to first screen for the reasonableness of holding the parolee since there is often a substantial delay between the point of arrest and the revocation hearing. The initial hearing must be conducted by a neutral and detached party. This hearing does not have to be formal in nature. The hearing officer is tasked with determining whether there is sufficient probable cause to justify the continued detention of the offender. After the initial hearing is the revocation hearing. During this hearing, the parolee is entitled to the ability to contest charges and demonstrate that he or she did not, in fact, violate any of the conditions of his or her parole. The Morrissey court specified that the parolee must receive written notice of the claimed violation of parole, the parolee shall receive evidence against him or her, that the parolee have an opportunity to be heard in person and to present witnesses and documentary evidence, the right of the parolee to confront and cross-examine adverse witnesses, the hearing body must be neutral and detached, and that the parolee shall receive a written statement by the fact finders as to the evidence relied on and reasons for revoking parole. Gagnon v. Scarpelli (1973) applied the standards or parolee revocation in Morrissey to probation revocation and noted that offenders on community supervision do not have an absolute constitutional right to appointed counsel during revocation proceedings.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   Court Decisions on Revocation

OBJ:   5.5                 COG:  Analysis

 

31. Probation offers a dual role: law enforcers and brokers of services. These two spectrums, working in seeming contraction with one another, mean that four basic categories emerge that describe the officer’s general tendency when supervising officers. Identify and explain the four categories.

 

ANS:

 

Paternal officers, punitive officers, welfare worker, and passive agent. The paternal officers use a great degree of both control and assistance techniques. They protect both the offender and the community by providing the offender with assistance, as well as praising and blaming. These officers tend not to have a high degree of formal training or secondary education, but they tend to be very experienced and thus are able to weather the difficulties associated with burnout within the field of probation. Punitive officers (also known as pure law enforcers) see themselves as needing to use threats and punishment in order to get compliance from the offender. These officers will place the highest emphasis on control and protection of the public against offenders, and they will be suspicious of offenders on their caseload. Human relations between these officers and their caseload are usually fairly impaired and sterile. The welfare worker (also known as the pure broker of services) will view the offender more as a client rather than as a supervisee on the caseload. These individuals believe that, ultimately, the best way they can enhance the security and safety of the community is by reforming the offender so that further crime will not occur. These officers view their job more as therapeutic service than as a punitive service. The passive agent tends to view his or her job as just that, a job. These officers tend to do as little as possible, and they do not have passion for their job. Unlike the punitive and the welfare officer, they simply do not care about the outcome of their work so long as they avoid any difficulties. These individuals are often in the job simply due to the benefits that it may have as well as the freedom from continual supervision that this type of job affords.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Medium

REF:   Probation Officers in the Role of Law Enforcers and Brokers of Services

OBJ:   5.4                 COG:  Analysis