Introduction to Research in Education, 9th International Edition by Donald Ary - Test Bank

Introduction to Research in Education, 9th International Edition by Donald Ary – Test Bank

 

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 7—Sampling and Inferential Statistics

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. If your professor is only interested in the test performance of students in her class, the class is her

a.	Pppulation.	c.	biased sample.
b.	random sample.	d.	non-probability sample.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

2. If not all members of a population have a non-zero chance of being selected for a sample, then

a.	the sample may not be representative of the population.
b.	there is a risk of inappropriately generalizing results beyond the sample.
c.	the sample has been chosen using nonprobability sampling.
d.	All of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1

 

3. A researcher can guarantee the representativeness of the sample by

a.	using stratified random sampling.
b.	employing simple random sampling procedures.
c.	using systematic sampling procedures.
d.	using the whole population.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1

 

4. Inferential statistics are based on the assumption that the selection of cases is based on

a.	probable sampling techniques.	c.	both answers
b.	non-probable sampling techniques.	d.	neither answer

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

Exhibit 7-1: Choose the type of sample that matches the following characteristics of sampling procedures.

 

5. Refer to Exhibit 7-1. Only the first case is randomly selected.

a.	simple random	c.	cluster
b.	stratified	d.	systematic

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1

 

6. Refer to Exhibit 7-1. Individuals from defined subgroups are sampled.

a.	simple random	c.	cluster
b.	stratified	d.	systematic

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

7. Refer to Exhibit 7-1. Has the greatest sampling error.

a.	simple random	c.	cluster
b.	stratified	d.	systematic

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

 

8. Refer to Exhibit 7-1. Naturally occurring groups are randomly selected.

a.	simple random	c.	cluster
b.	stratified	d.	systematic

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

9. Refer to Exhibit 7-1. All individual cases have a non-zero chance of being selected.

a.	simple random	c.	cluster
b.	stratified	d.	systematic

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota.

 

10. Refer to Exhibit 7-2. Similar to stratified sampling, but without random selection.

a.	Convenience	c.	Quota
b.	Purposive

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

11. Refer to Exhibit 7-2. Weakest of all sampling procedures.

a.	Convenience	c.	Quota
b.	Purposive

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

12. Refer to Exhibit 7-2. Also known as “Judgment sampling.”

a.	Convenience	c.	Quota
b.	Purposive

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

13. Refer to Exhibit 7-2. Taking subjects wherever you find them.

a.	Convenience	c.	Quota
b.	Purposive

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

14. Refer to Exhibit 7-2. Chooses subjects that seem to be typical of the population being studied.

a.	Convenience	c.	Quota
b.	Purposive

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

15. Refer to Exhibit 7-2. Chooses subjects that seem to be typical of a defined subgroup.

a.	Convenience	c.	Quota
b.	Purposive

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

16. After calculating the difference between sample means of all possible samples from a population and the population mean, we would expect the mean of these differences to be

a.	equal to the population mean.	c.	zero.
b.	higher or less than the population mean.	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

17. Sampling error will be less when

a.	the samples are small.	c.	the distribution is normal.
b.	the population is heterogeneous.	d.	none of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1

 

18. The standard deviation of the population is ____ the standard error of the mean.

a.	equal to	c.	smaller than
b.	larger than	d.	not related to

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

19. The standard error of the mean

a.	estimates the standard deviation of the population.
b.	suggests how much sample means may vary due to treatment procedures.
c.	is the standard deviation of the distribution of sample means.
d.	All of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    OBJ:   WWW

 

20. If a research finding is found to be statistically significant it

a.	confirms the research hypothesis.
b.	suggests the findings are significant contributions to the theory being tested.
c.	suggests that similar results would be found if another sample was tested.
d.	All of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    OBJ:   WWW

 

21. If a test has been found to be statistically significant at the .05 level, the probability of getting this result by chance alone is

a.	exactly 5 times out of 100.	c.	equal to or less than 5 times out of 100.
b.	equal to or more than 5 times out of 100.	d.	more than 5 times out of 1,000.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

22. “Do athletes who include imaging their success as part of their practice do better than athletes who do not include imaging?” The null hypothesis is

a.	athletes who image do better than athletes who do not image.
b.	athletes who image do worse than athletes who do not image.
c.	athletes who image do not differ from athletes who do not image.
d.	the population mean of athletes who image is greater than the population mean of athletes who do not image.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    OBJ:   WWW

 

23. The null hypothesis states that

a.	the effect of the treatment is negative.
b.	the apparent relationship between variables is due to chance alone.
c.	outcomes are affected by the experimental treatment.
d.	the true relationship between variables can never be known.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    OBJ:   WWW

 

 

24. If a research study concludes that a new computer-based reading program teaches students how to read more quickly than the old method

a.	a Type I error could have occurred.	c.	both errors could have occurred.
b.	a Type II error could have occurred.	d.	neither error could have occurred.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

25. A school administrator finds no statistically significant difference in learning whether students are taught by computer or by books. She decides not to spend money on new computer equipment. Later, she finds that a neighboring district is very successful in implementing computer technology.

a.	She may have committed a Type I error.
b.	She may have committed a Type II error.
c.	A Type I and Type II error may have occurred.
d.	No error is possible in this situation.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    OBJ:   WWW

 

26. Which one of the following statements is true?

a.	Type I errors are inherently more serious than Type II errors.
b.	Type II errors are inherently more serious than Type I errors.
c.	The relative seriousness of a Type I or a Type II error is a judgment.
d.	Typically in behavioral sciences, Type II errors are regarded as more serious.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

27. An administrator will implement a new science curriculum if there is good evidence that it is more effective than the present curriculum. Otherwise he will continue with the present curriculum. The administrator should use a

a.	directional test.	c.	difference test.
b.	non-directional test.	d.	non-difference test.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    OBJ:   WWW

 

28. The greatest statistical power occurs when

a.	the sample is small and heterogeneity is small.
b.	the sample is small and heterogeneity is large.
c.	the sample is large and heterogeneity is small.
d.	the sample is large and heterogeneity is large.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    OBJ:   WWW

 

29. A researcher wants a 90 percent chance of rejecting the null hypothesis at the one-tailed .05 level with an effect size of .15. The sample size needed is about

a.	140.
b.	160.
c.	180.
d.	200.
e.	380

 

 

ANS:  E                    PTS:   1

 

 

Exhibit 7-3: A researcher is examining the effects of a computer-based training program designed to teach algebra. The researcher randomly selects subjects for two groups and gives one group the computer training and the other standard teaching methods to see if the results of the two methods differ. The following scores are from the subjects’ final test.

CBT	Control
52	56
55	45
56	47
53	46
50	47
49	33
52	39
53	49

 

 

30. Refer to Exhibit 7-3. Which test is most appropriate for these data and hypothesis?

a.	Chi square	c.	Independent t-test
b.	Correlated t-test	d.	Pearson’s r

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    OBJ:   WWW

 

 

31. Refer to Exhibit 7-3. What is the null hypothesis?

a.	mCBT ³ mControl	c.	mCBT = mControl
b.	mCBT £ mControl	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

32. Refer to Exhibit 7-3. What is the observed value for the chosen statistic?

a.	.396	c.	3.269
b.	2.846	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

33. Refer to Exhibit 7-3. The degrees of freedom for the test are the

a.	number of rows -1 time the number of columns -1.
b.	number of pairs of numbers -1.
c.	total number of cases -2.
d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

34. Refer to Exhibit 7-3. The test is statistically significant at what level (two-tailed)?

a.	.05	c.	.001
b.	.01	d.	It is not significant.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

 

35. Refer to Exhibit 7-3. The researcher can conclude that:

a.	there is no statistically significant evidence that students who use the computer training will do any better than students using the standard methods.
b.	every student who used the computer program scored higher than any student who did not use the program.
c.	there is a statistically significant difference between scores of those who had computerized algebra training and those who had standard teaching methods.
d.	both b and c.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

Exhibit 7-4: A group of researchers has developed a method that they hypothesize will improve physics test scores. They randomly selected nine students to participate in their study. The nine students were administered an ACT test, trained in the new method, and then administered an alternate form of the ACT test. The following data are their scores:

Subject	Test 1	Test 2
1	20	19
2	20	20
3	24	21
4	24	24
5	24	22
6	19	17
7	17	15
8	18	16
9	20	18

 

 

36. Refer to Exhibit 7-4. What test is most appropriate for this data and hypothesis?

a.	Chi square	c.	Independent t-test
b.	Correlated t-test	d.	Pearson’s r

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    OBJ:   WWW

 

 

37. Refer to Exhibit 7-4. What is the null hypothesis?

a.	mTest 1 ³ mTest 2	c.	mTest 1 = mTest 2
b.	mTest 1 £ mTest 2	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

38. Refer to Exhibit 7-4. What is the observed value for the chosen statistic?

a.	.94	c.	4.603
b.	1.172	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

39. Refer to Exhibit 7-4. The degrees of freedom for the test are the

a.	number of rows -1 time the number of columns -1.
b.	number of pairs of numbers -1.
c.	total number of cases -2.
d.	none of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

 

40. Refer to Exhibit 7-4. The test is statistically significant at what level?

a.	.05	c.	.001
b.	.01	d.	It is not significant.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

41. Refer to Exhibit 7-4. The researchers can conclude that:

a.	there is no statistically significant evidence that students who use the new ACT training will improve their ACT scores.
b.	the evidence suggests the new training improves ACT scores.
c.	the evidence suggests the new ACT training decreases ACT scores.
d.	none of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

Exhibit 7-5: A researcher finds a .40 correlation between the number of years a student has access to a computer and his or her attitude toward mathematics. The study used 20 subjects.

 

42. Refer to Exhibit 7-5. What are the degrees of freedom in this case?

a.	39	c.	19
b.	38	d.	18

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1

 

43. Refer to Exhibit 7-5. The correlation is statistically significant at what level?

a.	.05	c.	.001
b.	.01	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1

 

44. Refer to Exhibit 7-5. A correlation that is not statistically significant leads to the conclusion that:

a.	the correlation in the population is actually 0.
b.	there is not enough evidence of a correlation between variables.
c.	computer use and math attitude are not related.
d.	all of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    OBJ:   WWW

 

 

Exhibit 7-6: A group of researchers hypothesizes that listening to music while studying for an exam influences test scores. They randomly selected 28 subjects and divided them into four groups. All groups studied silently for a test for an hour a day for a week. Group 1 studied without music. Group 2 studied with classical music in the background, Group 3 with country, and Group 4 with jazz. The following are the final test scores:

Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Group 4
50	59	60	49
45	57	56	45
42	57	56	45
41	55	55	42
40	56	54	41
39	53	51	39
38	51	50	37

 

 

 

45. Refer to Exhibit 7-6. What test is most appropriate for this data and hypothesis?

a.	Chi Square Goodness of Fit	c.	One-way Analysis of Variance
b.	Independent t-test	d.	Multifactor Analysis of Variance

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    OBJ:   WWW

 

 

46. Refer to Exhibit 7-6. What is the null hypothesis?

a.	mGroup 1 ³ (mGroup 2 + mGroup 3 + mGroup 4) /3	c.	mGroup 1 =mGroup 2 = mGroup 3 = mGroup 4
b.	mGroup 1 £ (mGroup 2 + mGroup 3 + mGroup 4) /3	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

47. Refer to Exhibit 7-6. What is the value for the chosen statistic?

a.	.70	c.	49.333
b.	28.589	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

48. Refer to Exhibit 7-6. The degrees of freedom for the test are the:

a.	3 and 6.	c.	3 and 24.
b.	4 and 27.	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

49. Refer to Exhibit 7-6. The test is statistically significant at what level?

a.	.05.	c.	It is not significant.
b.	.01

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

50. Refer to Exhibit 7-6. The researchers can conclude that:

a.	Groups 2 and 3 are statistically significantly different from Groups 1 and 4.
b.	there is a statistically significant difference among these groups.
c.	Groups 2, 3 and 4 are statistically significantly different from the control group.
d.	none of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

Exhibit 7-7: A group of curriculum designers has developed a new system for teaching phonics to young children. They randomly selected 24 kindergarten students to receive either the old phonics method or the new phonics method. The designers realized that kindergartens have morning and afternoon classes, so they wanted to build this factor into the research design. The following is the mean, standard deviation, and number for each group.

	Old	New
Morning	16.33	13.50
	1.03	2.74
	6	6
Afternoon	13.17	16.83
	3.55	2.14
	6	6

 

The following is an incomplete summary table of the analysis of variance:

 

Source	SS	df	MS	F
Time of Day	0.042
Lesson Design	1.042
Interaction
Error	128.500
Total	192.959

 

 

51. Refer to Exhibit 7-7. What is the sum of squares for the interaction?

a.	63.375	c.	127.416
b.	64.459	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

52. Refer to Exhibit 7-7. What are the degrees of freedom for Time of Day?

a.	1	c.	20
b.	2	d.	24

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

53. Refer to Exhibit 7-7. What are the degrees of freedom for Lesson Design?

a.	1	c.	20
b.	2	d.	24

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

54. Refer to Exhibit 7-7. What are the degrees of freedom for the Interaction?

a.	1	c.	20
b.	2	d.	24

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

55. Refer to Exhibit 7-7. What is the mean square for Time of Day?

a.	.042	c.	63.375
b.	1.042	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

56. Refer to Exhibit 7-7. What is the mean square for Lesson Design?

a.	.042	c.	63.375
b.	1.042	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

57. Refer to Exhibit 7-7. What is the mean square for the Interaction?

a.	.042	c.	63.375
b.	1.042	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

58. Refer to Exhibit 7-7. What is the mean square for Error?

a.	.042	c.	63.375
b.	1.042	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1

 

 

59. Refer to Exhibit 7-7. What is the F value for Time of Day?

a.	.006	c.	63.375
b.	.162	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1

 

60. Refer to Exhibit 7-7. What is the F value for Lesson Design?

a.	.006	c.	9.864
b.	.162	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

61. Refer to Exhibit 7-7. What is the F value for the Interaction?

a.	.006	c.	9.864
b.	.162	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

62. Refer to Exhibit 7-7. Which sources of variance are significant?

a.	Time of Day
b.	Lesson Design
c.	Interaction
d.	a and b
e.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

63. Refer to Exhibit 7-7. The designers can conclude

a.	there is evidence to suggest a difference between the morning and afternoon classes.
b.	there is evidence to suggest a difference between the old and new lesson designs.
c.	there is evidence to suggest that the lesson design effect in the morning is different from the lesson design effect in the afternoon.
d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

64. Refer to Exhibit 7-7. Which of the following is associated with greatest power

a.	small effect size, small number, small heterogeneity.
b.	large effect size, small number, small heterogeneity.
c.	large effect size, large number, small heterogeneity.
d.	large effect size, large number, large heterogeneity.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    OBJ:   WWW

 

 

65. Refer to Exhibit 7-7. What are the degrees of freedom for Error?

a.	1	c.	20
b.	2	d.	24

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

 

Exhibit 7-8: A pet store owner buys equal amounts of supplies for all types of animals. She wonders if the proportions of her customers are equal or are the same. She collected the following data over a period of a week:

Products for
	Dogs	Cats	Fish	Birds	Rodents
Customers	46	48	35	28	28

 

 

66. Refer to Exhibit 7-8. What is the appropriate statistic for this question?

a.	Chi Square Test of Independence	c.	Analysis of Variance
b.	Chi Square Goodness of Fit	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    OBJ:   WWW

 

 

67. Refer to Exhibit 7-8. What is the value for the statistic?

a.	1.05	c.	9.95
b.	5.45	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

68. Refer to Exhibit 7-8. What are the degrees of freedom for the statistic?

a.	1	c.	4
b.	2	d.	1 and 5

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

69. Refer to Exhibit 7-8. The store owner

a.	should continue to buy supplies in equal quantities.
b.	should adjust the quantity of supplies.
c.	does not have enough evidence to make a decision.
d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

Exhibit 7-9: A group of 100 college students and 100 college graduates was asked to reply to the question, “In general, do you enjoy reading a college textbook?” The following are the results:

	Yes	No	Sometimes
College Students	30	45	25
Graduates	50	30	20

 

 

70. Refer to Exhibit 7-9. What is the appropriate statistic for this data?

a.	Chi Square Goodness of Fit	c.	Analysis of Variance
b.	Chi Square Test of Independence	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    OBJ:   WWW

 

 

71. Refer to Exhibit 7-9. What is the value for the statistic?

a.	5.32	c.	12.99
b.	8.56	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

 

72. Refer to Exhibit 7-9. How many degrees of freedom are there for the statistic?

a.	1	c.	5
b.	2	d.	1 and 5

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

73. Refer to Exhibit 7-9. The researcher can conclude that

a.	students who have graduated read more than current college students.
b.	there is not enough evidence to make a decision.
c.	there is an association between being a student or a graduate and enjoying textbook reading.
d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

Exhibit 7-10: Choose the appropriate statistic for the following situations.

 

74. Refer to Exhibit 7-10. Is the proportion of people who like Cola A different from the proportion of people who like Cola B?

a.	Chi Square
b.	Multifactor Analysis of Variance
c.	t-test for dependent means
d.	t-test for independent means
e.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

75. Refer to Exhibit 7-10. Do customers spend more through a store’s catalog or in person at the store?

a.	Chi Square
b.	Multifactor Analysis of Variance
c.	t-test for dependent means
d.	t-test for independent means
e.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

76. Refer to Exhibit 7-10. Do college graduation and generation membership influence the amount of money people are willing to be spend on a house?

a.	Chi Square
b.	Multifactor Analysis of Variance
c.	t-test for dependent means
d.	t-test for independent means
e.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

77. Refer to Exhibit 7-10. Do first-year college students differ from college seniors on a reading attitude scale?

a.	Chi Square
b.	Multifactor Analysis of Variance
c.	t-test for dependent means
d.	t-test for independent means
e.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1

 

78. Refer to Exhibit 7-10. The proportion of teachers who take summer courses is greater than the proportion of businesspersons who take summer courses.

a.	Chi Square
b.	Multifactor Analysis of Variance
c.	t-test for dependent means
d.	t-test for independent means
e.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

79. Refer to Exhibit 7-10. The mean grade for an advanced statistics course will be higher than the mean grade for an introductory course in statistics.

a.	Chi Square
b.	Multifactor Analysis of Variance
c.	t-test for dependent means
d.	t-test for independent means
e.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1

 

80. Refer to Exhibit 7-10. A significantly greater proportion of special education teachers have “burned out” compared to the proportion of regular classroom teachers.

a.	Chi Square
b.	Multifactor Analysis of Variance
c.	t-test for dependent means
d.	t-test for independent means
e.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

81. Refer to Exhibit 7-10. Students will show an improvement on a test that was administered on both the first and last days of the class.

a.	Chi Square
b.	Multifactor Analysis of Variance
c.	t-test for dependent means
d.	t-test for independent means
e.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

82. Refer to Exhibit 7-10. There is a significant interaction effect between three types of corrective feedback and the three ability levels of the students on successful solving of complex math problems.

a.	Chi Square
b.	Multifactor Analysis of Variance
c.	t-test for dependent means
d.	t-test for independent means
e.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

 

83. Refer to Exhibit 7-10. The number of teachers who use test banks for a textbook is greater than the number of teachers who create their own test items.

a.	Chi Square
b.	Multifactor Analysis of Variance
c.	t-test for dependent means
d.	t-test for independent means
e.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

Exhibit 7-11: In a 2 ´ 3 experimental design three kinds of treatments (A, B, and C) were used with two groups of subjects (M and N). The number of subjects and the mean of each group are as follows:

Treatments
		A	B	C
	M	X = 20	X = 18	X = 16
		N = 5	N = 5	N = 5
subjects
	N	X = 12	X = 14	X = 16
		N = 5	N = 5	N = 5

 

The following is the incomplete summary table of multifactor analysis of variance. Complete the table and answer the following questions.

 

Source of variation	SS	df	MS	F
Between columns	0
Between rows	120
Interaction
Between groups	200
Within groups
Total	454

 

 

84. Refer to Exhibit 7-11. The SS between interaction is

a.	0.	c.	254.
b.	200.	d.	None of these.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

85. Refer to Exhibit 7-11. The SS within the groups is

a.	54.	c.	254.
b.	200.	d.	None of these.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

86. Refer to Exhibit 7-11. The number of degrees of freedom for interaction is

a.	1.	c.	5.
b.	2.	d.	24.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

87. Refer to Exhibit 7-11. The number of degrees of freedom for within groups is

a.	1.	c.	5.
b.	2.	d.	24.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1

 

88. Refer to Exhibit 7-11. The value of the mean square between columns is

a.	0.	c.	40.
b.	10.57.	d.	120.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

89. Refer to Exhibit 7-11. The value of mean square within groups is

a.	0.	c.	40.
b.	10.58.	d.	120.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

90. Refer to Exhibit 7-11. The F ratio for between rows is

a.	0.	c.	3.78.
b.	11.34.	d.	None of these.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

91. Refer to Exhibit 7-11. The F ratio for interaction is

a.	0.	c.	3.78.
b.	11.38.	d.	None of these.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

92. Refer to Exhibit 7-11. Assume that the F ratios for between rows and interaction are statistically significant, but the F ratio for between columns is not statistically significant. In accepting these results, is it possible that

a.	we make only Type I errors.
b.	we make only Type II errors.
c.	we make both Type I and Type II errors.
d.	we make neither Type I nor Type II errors.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

Exhibit 7-12: An investigator is studying the effect of two physical fitness programs (M and N) on boys and girls. The experimental design is a 2 ´ 2 factorial design. The results of the investigation might be one of the following four conditions.

	condition (a)			condition (b)
	M	N		M	N
Boys	X = 50	X = 60	Boys	X = 50	X = 60
Girls	X = 60	X = 50	Girls	X = 40	X = 60

 

 

	condition (c)			condition (d)
	M	N		M	N
Boys	X = 50	X = 40		None of these conditions
Girls	X = 60	X = 50

 

 

93. Refer to Exhibit 7-12. Which condition shows two possible main effects but no interaction effect?

a.	condition (a)	c.	condition (c)
b.	condition (b)	d.	condition (d)

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

 

94. Refer to Exhibit 7-12. Which condition shows only a possible interaction effect?

a.	condition (a)	c.	condition (c)
b.	condition (b)	d.	condition (d)

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

 

95. Refer to Exhibit 7-12. Which condition shows only one possible main effect and no interaction effect?

a.	condition (a)	c.	condition (c)
b.	condition (b)	d.	condition (d)

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1

 

96. Refer to Exhibit 7-12. Which condition shows two possible main effects and a possible interaction effect?

a.	condition (a)	c.	condition (c)
b.	condition (b)	d.	condition (d)

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

97. Refer to Exhibit 7-12. Which condition shows neither an interaction effect nor a main effect?

a.	condition (a)	c.	condition (c)
b.	condition (b)	d.	condition (d)

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1

 

98. Sampling error refers to

a.	the mean difference between sample means.
b.	the mean difference between population means.
c.	the difference between a sample statistic and a population parameter.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

99. What is the relationship between the standard deviation of a population and the standard deviation of means of samples randomly selected from the population?

a.	The standard deviation of the distribution of sample means is larger than that of the population.
b.	The standard deviation of the population is larger than that of the distribution of sample means.
c.	They are equal to one another.
d.	It is impossible to determine the relationship with the available data.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

Exhibit 7-13: An investigator wished to look at the relationship between the aspirations of high school juniors for a college education and their current grade point averages. He asked 150 high school juniors whether or not they wanted to attend college. The following data were obtained:

		GPA
Aspiration			Below average	Average	Above average
to attend	Yes		15	25	35
College	No		35	25	15

 

Apply the X² test to the above data and then answer the following questions.

 

 

100. Refer to Exhibit 7-13. The expected frequency for above-average students who want to attend college is

a.	15.	c.	25.
b.	20.	d.	35.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

 

101. Refer to Exhibit 7-13. The value of chi square for this problem is

a.	2.	c.	4.
b.	2.4.	d.	16.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1

 

102. Refer to Exhibit 7-13. The degree(s) of freedom for this problem is (are)

a.	1.	c.	5.
b.	2.	d.	149.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

103. Refer to Exhibit 7-13. The tabled value of chi square for the corresponding degree(s) of freedom shows 5.99 for the .05 level and 9.21 for the .01 level. The investigator would report that his results are

a.	statistically significant at the .05 level.	c.	Not statistically significant.
b.	statistically significant at the .01 level.	d.	None of these are true.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

 

SHORT ANSWER

 

1. What is the purpose of sampling?

 

 

ANS: Responses will vary.

OBJ:   WWW

 

2. What is the difference between random sampling and random assignment?

 

ANS: Responses will vary.

OBJ:    WWW

 

3. If you have statistical significance, explain how this result does not imply that your findings are necessarily important?

ANS: Responses will vary.

 

4. What is the difference between Type I and Type II errors?

 

ANS: Responses will vary.

OBJ:   WWW

 

5. Which of these errors, Type I or Type II, does power influence? Give an example of a study where a one-tailed test would be appropriate.

 

ANS: Responses will vary.

 

6. Explain the elements that are involved in determining sample size and how they are dependent on one another?

 

ANS: Responses will vary.

OBJ:   WWW

 

7. What elements are involved in determining whether the results of a t-test will be statistically significant?

 

ANS: Responses will vary.

 

8. What elements are involved in determining whether the results of a Pearson r test will be statistically significant?

 

ANS: Responses will vary.

 

9. Explain what a p value means?

 

ANS: Responses will vary.

OBJ:   WWW (Discussion question)

 

 

 

10. The Chi square test is used with which measurement level(s) of data?

 

ANS: Responses will vary.