Life The Science of Biology 10th Edition by David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis - Test Bank

Life The Science of Biology 10th Edition by David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis – Test Bank

 

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Life: The Science of Biology, Tenth Edition

Sadava • Hillis • Heller • Berenbaum

 

Chapter 5: Cells: The Working Units of Life

 

 

TEST FILE QUESTIONS

(By Amy Burnside)

 

Multiple Choice

 

1. Most plant and animal cells are
2. smaller than a chloroplast.
3. smaller than most bacteria.
4. large enough to be seen with a light microscope.
5. larger than most fungal cells.
6. large enough to be seen with the unaided eye.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

2. The surface area-to-volume ratio of a cell
3. increases with increasing volume of the cell.
4. decreases with decreasing surface area of the cell.
5. accounts for the size limit of cells.
6. is of little significance in maintaining cell homeostasis.
7. affects how molecules are distributed across the cell.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

3. How does the surface area-to-volume ratio of a 1-mm sphere compare to the surface area-to-volume ratio of a 3-mm sphere?
4. The 1-mm sphere has a ratio three times larger than that of the 3-mm sphere.
5. The comparison would depend on the components of the two spheres.
6. The 1-mm sphere has a higher ratio than the 3-mm sphere.
7. The 1-mm sphere has a ratio that is one-third of the 3-mm sphere’s ratio.
8. The ratios are the same.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

4. Which of the following spherical cells would carry out the most chemical activity in one minute (all else being equal)?
5. A 1-mm cell
6. A 2-mm cell
7. A 3-mm cell
8. A 4-mm cell
9. All cells would have the same amount of chemical activity.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

5. Which of the following spherical cells would exchange the greatest amount of substances and waste products with its environment relative to its internal chemical activity?
6. A 1-mm cell
7. A 2-mm cell
8. A 3-mm cell
9. A 4-mm cell
10. All cells exchange substances and waste products with the environment at the same rate with respect to their ability to carry out chemical activity, irrespective of size.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

6. Which of the following molecules will cross a plasma membrane most easily?
7. Hemoglobin
8. Glucose
9. DNA
10. Water
11. Testosterone

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating

 

7. A general function of all cellular membranes is to
8. regulate which materials can enter or leave the cell.
9. support the cell and determine its shape.
10. produce energy for the cell.
11. produce proteins for the cell.
12. move the cell.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

8. The technique of _______ microscopy can be used to visualize the embedded components of a plasma membrane.
9. light
10. scanning-electron
11. freeze-fracture
12. phase-contrast
13. confocal

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

9. Researchers can use _______ to distinguish the structure of a ribosome from that of a Golgi body.
10. direct examination with the naked eye
11. a hand-held magnifying glass
12. a bright-field microscope
13. a phase-contrast microscope
14. an electron microscope

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

10. The role of cellular organelles is to
11. provide structural support for the cell.
12. decrease the flow of materials into and out of the cell.
13. increase the efficiency of cellular activities.
14. provide a means of cellular reproduction.
15. regulate the flow of traffic inside the cell.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

11. What is the major distinction between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?
12. The DNA in a prokaryotic cell is not separated from the ribosomes.
13. A prokaryotic cell does not have DNA in a chromosome.
14. A prokaryotic cell is larger than a eukaryotic cell.
15. Prokaryotic cells have not prospered, whereas eukaryotic cells are evolutionary “successes.”
16. A prokaryotic cell cannot obtain energy from its environment the same way a eukaryotic cell does.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?; 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

12. The cytosol and _______ are two components of the cytoplasm in a prokaryotic cell.
13. ribosomes
14. the Golgi apparatus
15. chloroplasts
16. mitochondria
17. the smooth ER

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

13. The _______ of a prokaryote is/are its most primitive feature.
14. cell wall
15. internal membranes
16. flagella
17. nucleoid
18. cytoskeleton

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

14. Which of the following represents the correct order of the outer layers found on some prokaryotes, from the interior to the exterior?
15. Plasma membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, capsule
16. Plasma membrane, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, capsule
17. Capsule, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, plasma membrane
18. Capsule, plasma membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane
19. Peptidoglycan cell wall, plasma membrane, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, capsule

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

15. An unknown organism is discovered and found to lack a membrane-bound nucleus in its cell. This unknown organism is most likely
16. extraterrestrial.
17. a protest.
18. a plant.
19. a fungus.
20. a bacterium.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

16. The DNA of prokaryotic cells is found in the
17. plasma membrane.
18. nucleus.
19. ribosome.
20. nucleoid region.
21. mitochondria.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

17. The cytosol of a prokaryotic cell
18. is a static region of the cell.
19. organizes the DNA.
20. is composed largely of water.
21. supports the cell and determines its shape.
22. chemically modifies proteins and other molecules.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

18. If a bacterial cell were fed radioactive sulfur such that all of its proteins were labeled, all of the following specialized structures would contain the labeled protein except for the
19. pili.
20. capsule.
21. flagella.
22. fimbriae.
23. cytoskeleton.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

19. Ribosomes are made up of
20. DNA and RNA.
21. DNA and proteins.
22. RNA and proteins.
23. proteins only.
24. DNA only.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

20. A specialized structure surrounding the cell wall in some prokaryotes is the
21. capsule.
22. ribosome.
23. cytosol.
24. mitochondrion.
25. chloroplast.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

21. In some prokaryotic organisms, the plasma membrane folds to form an internal membrane system that is able to
22. carry out photosynthesis.
23. engulf and phagocytize bacteria.
24. synthesize proteins.
25. propel the cell.
26. hydrolyze carbohydrates to ATP.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

22. Some bacteria are able to propel themselves through liquid by means of a structure called the
23. flagellum.
24. pilus.
25. cytoplasm.
26. cell wall.
27. peptidoglycan molecule.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

23. Which of the following statements about a cell wall is false?
24. It is a specialized structure found in most prokaryotes.
25. It is a semi-rigid structure that provides support in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
26. It is a barrier to infection in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
27. It is made of peptidoglycan in bacteria.
28. It is composed of cellulose in plants.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

24. If you removed the pili from a bacterial cell, the bacterium would
25. no longer be able to swim.
26. lose some of its ability to adhere to other cells.
27. no longer be able to regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.
28. dry out.
29. change its shape.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

25. Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells because
26. prokaryotes have more diverse energy sources.
27. prokaryotes have a capsule that limits cell growth.
28. the rigid cell wall of prokaryotes limits cell size.
29. prokaryotes lack the genetic material needed to support larger cells.
30. prokaryotic cells do not have compartments, a feature of eukaryotic cells that takes up more space in the cell.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

26. An unidentified membrane-bound body containing no membrane-bound organelles is placed in cell culture, but it does not grow or divide there. However, when it is placed inside a cell that has had its own genetic information removed, both the body and the cell begin to divide. This unknown object is most likely a
27. prokaryote.
28. nucleus.
29. peroxisome.
30. mitochondrion.
31. chloroplast.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating

 

27. Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is true?
28. It contains pores for the passage of large molecules.
29. It is composed of two membranes.
30. It contains ribosomes on the inner surface.
31. Both a and b
32. All of the above

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

28. A large organelle found in a eukaryotic cell that genetically controls the cell’s activities is the
29. chloroplast.
30. nucleus.
31. flagellum.
32. vacuole.
33. centriole.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

29. Of the following structures of an animal cell, the one with the largest volume is the
30. cilium.
31. mitochondrion.
32. lysosome.
33. nucleus.
34. ribosome.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

30. If the organelles of an animal cell were separated by centrifugation, which organelle would require the least amount of centrifugal force to sediment at the bottom of the centrifuge tube?
31. Mitochondria
32. Nuclei
33. Golgi apparatus
34. Lysosome
35. Chloroplasts

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating

 

31. In a mixture of cellular structures, which structure would require the greatest amount of centrifugal force in order for it to sediment at the bottom of a centrifuge tube?
32. Mitochondria
33. Nuclei
34. Golgi apparatus
35. Chloroplast
36. Ribosome

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating

 

32. A ribosome is a specialized structure but is not considered an organelle because it
33. does not contain its own genetic material.
34. does not produce its own energy.
35. lacks a lipid bilayer.
36. is present in prokaryotes.
37. is not made up of proteins.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

33. What is the difference between “free” and “attached” ribosomes?
34. Free ribosomes are in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum.
35. Free ribosomes produce proteins in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes produce proteins that are inserted into the ER for processing and transport.
36. Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell, whereas attached ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts.
37. Both a and b
38. Both a and c

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

34. Chromatin is a series of entangled threads composed of
35. microtubules.
36. DNA and protein.
37. fibrous proteins.
38. cytoskeleton.
39. membranes.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

35. The function of the nuclear pores is to
36. synthesize and repair DNA.
37. assemble ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus.
38. communicate with components of the endomembrane system.
39. regulate movement of materials across the nuclear membrane.
40. support the nuclear envelope.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

36. Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?
37. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
38. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
39. Golgi apparatus
40. Lysosomes
41. Plastids

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

37. In what way do the membranes surrounding the organelles in a eukaryote differ from the plasma membrane surrounding the cell?
38. They are not selectively permeable and are easily crossed by multiple molecules.
39. They are composed of collagen instead of phospholipids.
40. They lack protein constituents.
41. Both a and c
42. None of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

38. The rough ER is the portion of the ER that
39. lacks ribosomes.
40. is the oldest and was once the smooth ER.
41. has ribosomes attached to it.
42. is connected to the Golgi apparatus.
43. is the site of steroid synthesis.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

39. Proteins that are transported in vesicles are made by
40. the Golgi apparatus.
41. ribosomes within the mitochondrion.
42. the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
43. ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
44. ribosomes within chloroplasts.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

40. Proteins packaged by the Golgi apparatus are delivered to the correct location by means of
41. identifying carbohydrate groups covalently bound to the packaged proteins.
42. the general flow of vesicles within the cell.
43. the control provided by the nucleus.
44. motor proteins that direct the Golgi apparatus.
45. microfilaments.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

 

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

41. Proteins produced by ribosomes pass through several cellular structures before reaching their targeted destination. Which of the following represents the structures, in the correct order, that will be encountered by a newly synthesized protein targeted for outside the cell?
42. RER ® SER ® cis Golgi ® vesicle ® trans Golgi ® lysosome ® plasma membrane
43. SER ® cis Golgi ® vesicle ® trans Golgi ® vesicle ® plasma membrane
44. Nuclear membrane ® RER ® vesicle ® trans Golgi ® cis Golgi ® phagosome ® plasma membrane
45. SER ® RER ® trans Golgi ® cis Golgi ® vesicle ® plasma membrane
46. RER ® vesicle ® cis Golgi ® trans Golgi ® vesicle ® plasma membrane

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

42. Steroids are synthesized by
43. chloroplasts.
44. lysosomes.
45. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
46. the Golgi apparatus.
47. mitochondria.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

43. An organelle consisting of a series of flattened sacks stacked somewhat like pancakes is the
44. mitochondrion.
45. peroxisome.
46. Golgi apparatus.
47. rough endoplasmic reticulum.
48. flagellum.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

44. Cells that synthesize a large amount of protein, such as _______ cells, are packed with rough endoplasmic reticulum.
45. liver
46. glandular
47. red blood
48. skin
49. brain

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

45. Cells that perform little protein synthesis but are involved with protein modification typically have large numbers or amounts of
46. rough endoplasmic reticulum.
47. mitochondria.
48. ribosomes.
49. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
50. lysosomes.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

46. A particle of food encounters a series of cellular structures upon digestion by a cell. In what order does this encounter occur, starting from the exterior of the cell?
47. Plasma membrane ® phagosome ® primary lysosome ® secondary lysosome
48. Phagosome ® secondary lysosome ® primary lysosome ® plasma membrane
49. Secondary lysosome ® primary lysosome ® phagosome ® plasma membrane
50. Plasma membrane ® primary lysosome ® secondary lysosome ® phagosome
51. Phagosome ® plasma membrane ® primary lysosome ® secondary lysosome

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

47. Which of the following structures is not involved in the breakdown of food particles by the cell?
48. Phagosome
49. Primary lysosome
50. Secondary lysosome
51. Golgi apparatus
52. Mitochondria

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

48. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes must transform energy from the environment into energy that can be used. Which of the following is not one of the processes by which energy is transformed by these organisms?
49. Cellular respiration (in mitochondria of eukaryotes)
50. Photosynthesis (in chloroplasts of eukaryotes)
51. Photosynthesis (on membrane infoldings of some prokaryotes)
52. Enzymatic processes (on the inner surface of the plasma membrane in prokaryotes)
53. All of the above processes are used to transform energy.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

49. In the mitochondria, energy storage molecules are converted to ATP by a process known as
50. cellular respiration.
51. metabolism.
52. diffusion.
53. metabolic processing.
54. catabolism.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

50. The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane
51. increase the volume of the mitochondrial matrix.
52. create membrane-enclosed compartments within the mitochondrion.
53. increase the surface area for the exchange of substances across the membrane.
54. anchor the mitochondrial DNA.
55. have no known purpose.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

51. The DNA of mitochondria
52. is needed to hydrolyze monomers.
53. is used to make proteins needed for cellular respiration.
54. directs photosynthesis.
55. controls the cell’s activities.
56. synthesizes polysaccharides for the plant cell wall.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

52. Which of the following are components of chloroplasts?
53. Grana and thylakoids
54. Chromatin and nucleoplasm
55. Cristae and matrix
56. A trans region and a cis region
57. Lysosomes and phagosomes

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

53. Chloroplasts are the structures in which
54. chemical energy is stored in the form of ATP.
55. cell division is controlled.
56. genetic information is used to make proteins.
57. sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy.
58. new organelles are made.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

54. The carotenoid pigments that give ripe tomatoes their red color are contained in organelles called
55. chloroplasts.
56. proplastids.
57. protoplasts.
58. leucoplasts.
59. chromoplasts.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

55. Starch molecules are stored inside
56. chromoplasts.
57. peroxisomes.
58. chloroplasts.
59. glyoxysomes.
60. leucoplasts.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

56. In a mixture of ground-up plant cells, one structure containing a membrane stains positive for hydrogen peroxide. This structure is a
57. peroxisome.
58. vacuole.
59. chloroplast.
60. glyoxysome.
61. amyloplast.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

57. Which of the following organelles is found only in plant cells?
58. Cilium
59. Nucleus
60. Mitochondrion
61. Glyoxysome
62. Peroxisome

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

58. In which of the following locations would you not expect to find RNA?
59. Nucleolus
60. Mitochondrion
61. Vacuole
62. Ribosome
63. Prokaryotic cell

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

59. Which of the following plant cell structures is most likely to have the greatest volume?
60. Glyoxysome
61. Lysosome
62. Nucleus
63. Mitochondrion
64. Vacuole

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

60. The overall shape of a cell is determined by its
61. cell membrane.
62. cytoskeleton.
63. nucleus.
64. cytosol.
65. endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

61. If the vacuole in a plant cell experiences a large loss of water,
62. the cell will divide to make smaller cells.
63. the cell will decrease in size proportionally to the amount of water lost.
64. its waste products will be released into the cytoplasm and kill the cell.
65. there will be no effect on the cell due to the rigidity of the cell wall.
66. the cell will experience a decrease in turgor pressure.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

62. The cytoskeleton is composed of three major components, each with distinct functions. Which of the following represents the correct order of these components, from smallest to largest size?
63. Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
64. Microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments
65. Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
66. Intermediate filaments, microtubules, microfilaments
67. Intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

63. The microvilli of intestinal cells
64. increase the ability of the intestine to move nutrients through the intestinal tract.
65. slow down the movement of nutrients through the intestinal tract.
66. increase the surface area of the cells to allow increased uptake of nutrients.
67. decrease the surface area of the cells relative to their volume to prevent loss of nutrients.
68. increase the movement of nutrients across the cells and into the blood stream.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

64. Time-lapse photography of a cell shows that its normally stationary nucleus appears to be floating around within the cell. What is one possible explanation for this occurrence?
65. The cell has an abundance of motor proteins that increase the movement of the nucleus.
66. The intermediate filaments composing the nuclear lamina are nonfunctional or absent.
67. The activity of the microfilaments has increased cytoplasmic streaming and is moving the nucleus around the cell.
68. Microtubules are polymerizing and depolymerizing at a faster rate than usual.
69. The nucleus has formed cilia and is using them to move around the inside of the cell.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating

 

65. Which of the following statements about microfilaments and microtubules is false?
66. Both are made up of the same protein monomers.
67. Both are involved in movement of cells.
68. Both have a plus end and a minus end.
69. Both are components of the cytoskeleton.
70. Both help maintain and support cellular structures.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

66. If the cells that line the intestine lost their microvilli structure, what could be a possible result?
67. Decreased movement of nutrients through the intestinal tract
68. Loss of nutrients from the cell into the intestinal tract due to a decrease in surface area-to-volume ratio
69. No effect, since cells would continue their normal cellular activity
70. Decreased absorption of nutrients into the cell due to a decrease in surface area-to-volume ratio
71. Increased transport of nutrients into the blood stream

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

67. Which of the following protein types is not part of the structure of a cilium?
68. a-tubulin
69. Keratin
70. Nexin
71. Dynein
72. b-tubulin

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

68. A cell structure with an internal cross section showing a characteristic “9 + 2” morphology is the
69. mitochondrion.
70. vacuole.
71. Golgi apparatus.
72. flagellum.
73. cytoskeleton.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

69. Researchers observe that while the actin microfilaments in an amoeba seem to be intact, the organism appears incapable of forming pseudopods for movement. They conclude that its immobility may be caused by the absence of the protein
70. dynein.
71. kinesin.
72. tubulin.
73. collagen.
74. myosin.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

70. If an amoeba treated with an experimental drug loses its shape and ability to move, the drug has likely affected the cell’s
71. motor protein activity.
72. energy production.
73. microfilament assembly.
74. ability to photosynthesize.
75. communication with the environment.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating

 

71. After labeling the plus and minus ends of microtubules in a mutant cell, researchers observe that the cell is moving vesicles only toward the plus ends. The most likely explanation is that the mutation has caused a defect in
72. microtubule formation.
73. the kinesin motor protein.
74. the microfilaments involved in cytoplasmic streaming.
75. cytoplasmic dynein activity.
76. the myosin motor protein.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

72. The semirigid structure that supports the plant cell and determines its shape is the
73. capsule.
74. flagellum.
75. cell wall.
76. cytosol.
77. cytoplasm.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

73. A small dye molecule injected into a plant cell can pass into adjacent plant cells because of the presence of
74. plasmodesmata.
75. a cell wall.
76. the endoplasmic reticulum.
77. nuclear pores.
78. vacuoles.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

74. Transport of cytoplasmic materials in plants is facilitated by
75. motor proteins such as kinesin.
76. membrane-lined channels called plasmodesmata.
77. the semirigid cell wall.
78. constantly-beating cilia.
79. an internal cytoskeleton.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

75. A type of cell that always lacks a cell wall is a(n) _______ cell.
76. bacterial
77. plant
78. animal
79. fungal
80. prokaryotic

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

76. The extracellular matrix of animal cells
77. is composed of cellulose.
78. contains lysosomes.
79. limits the cell volume by remaining rigid.
80. helps orient cell movements during embryonic development.
81. acts as a barrier to disease-causing fungi.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

77. Which of the following is not an argument for the endosymbiotic theory?
78. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are about the same size as prokaryotic cells.
79. Mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot be grown in culture, free of a host cell.
80. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA and ribosomes.
81. Mitochondrial ribosomes synthesize proteins similar to those synthesized by bacterial ribosomes.
82. All of the above are arguments for the endosymbiotic theory.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

78. Which of the following organelles were once independent prokaryote organisms?
79. Mitochondria and lysosomes
80. Mitochondria and chloroplasts
81. Chloroplasts and peroxisomes
82. Golgi apparatus and nucleus
83. Nucleus and lysosomes

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

Fill in the Blank

 

1. The fundamental unit of life is the _______.

Answer: cell

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

2. The three principle tenets of biology—that all organisms are composed of cells, that all cells come from preexisting cells, and that cells are the fundamental units of life—make up the unifying principle known as the _______.

Answer: cell theory

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

3. When you cut an orange in half, you _______ the surface area-to-volume ratio.

Answer: increase

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

4. The ability of living organisms to maintain a constant internal environment is known as _______.

Answer: homeostasis

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

5. The light microscope has glass lenses that focus visible light for imaging, whereas the electron microscope has _______ that focus electrons for imaging.

Answer: electromagnets

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

6. Archaea and Bacteria do not typically have membrane-enclosed internal compartments; therefore, they are known as _______.

Answer: prokaryotes

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

7. The DNA in a prokaryotic cell can be found in the _______ region.

Answer: nucleoid

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

8. Some bacteria are not detected by the human immune system because they possess an outer layer of slime known as a(n) _______.

Answer: capsule

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

9. Membrane-bound compartments with distinctive shapes and functions are termed _______.

Answer: organelles

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

10. RNA is able to carry information for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm by passing through small perforations in the nuclear membrane called _______.

Answer: nuclear pores

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

11. The shape of the nucleus is maintained by a protein meshwork called the _______.

Answer: nuclear lamina

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

12. Lipids and steroids are synthesized in the _______.

Answer: smooth ER

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

13. The _______ is an organelle that serves as a sort of “post office,” where some of the proteins synthesized on ribosomes and the rough ER are processed and sent to their destinations.

Answer: Golgi apparatus

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

14. The side of the Golgi apparatus facing the ER is the _______ region.

Answer: cis

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

15. The substances that enter the Golgi apparatus come from the _______ in vesicles.

Answer: ER (or endoplasmic reticulum)

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

16. The organelle with many folds, called cristae, is the _______.

Answer: mitochondrion

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

17. The process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy is called _______.

Answer: photosynthesis

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

18. Toxic peroxides that are formed unavoidably as side products of important cellular reactions are collected and neutralized in _______.

Answer: peroxisomes

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

19. _______ are involved in cytoplasmic streaming, in the “pinching” of a cell that ultimately divides an animal cell into two daughter cells, and in the formation of pseudopodia.

Answer: Microfilaments

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

20. Tough ropelike filaments that stabilize cell structure and resist tension are called _______ filaments.

Answer: intermediate

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

21. The main difference that helps to classify portions of the endomembrane system as RER or SER is the presence or absence of _______ on the surface.

Answer: ribosomes

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

22. The extracellular matrix surrounding many animal cells is made up of various proteins, including glycoproteins and _______.

Answer: collagen

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

23. The _______ theory proposes that some organelles originated when one cell ingested another cell, creating a mutually beneficial relationship.

Answer: endosymbiosis

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

Diagram

 

1.‒2. Refer to the figure below.

 

 

1. The very large organelle shown in the figure has genetic control of a cell’s activities. What is the name of this structure?

Answer: Nucleus

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

2. Visible in this figure is a structure resembling tubes and flattened sacs that surrounds the organelle, appears to share a membrane with it, and synthesizes proteins. It is the
3. mitochondrion.
4. endoplasmic reticulum.
5. nucleus.
6. vacuole.
7. cytoskeleton.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

3.‒4. Refer to the figure below.

 

 

3. The organelle shown in the figure is found in all cells but is most numerous in cells requiring a large amount of energy (e.g., liver cells). What is the name of this organelle?

Answer: Mitochondrion

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

4. Ribosomes can be found in which section of the organelle shown in the figure?
5. Inner membrane
6. Outer membrane
7. Cristae
8. Matrix
9. Both a and c

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

5.‒6. Refer to the figure below.

 

 

5. What is the structure depicted in the figure?

Answer: Chloroplast

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

6. It is said that the structure shown in the figure has the ability to “feed the world.” The reason is that it
7. can convert light energy into chemical energy from which glucose is made, providing energy to its host organism and any organisms that consume it.
8. helps all organisms, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic, convert food particles into energy for cellular function.
9. can travel from cell to cell and break down food particles into simple molecules, thus feeding the entire organism.
10. is capable through cellular respiration of making ATP, an energy rich-molecule needed by all organisms.
11. helps cells engulf and digest food particles from which energy can be made and supplied to the host organism and any organisms that consume it.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

7.‒8. Refer to the diagram of a plant cell below.

 

 

7. What is the structure that takes up the largest amount of space in the cell shown in the diagram?

Answer: Vacuole

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

8. The presence of the large structure occupying most of the cell would cause the cell to be classified as a(n) _______ cell.
9. bacterial
10. plant
11. animal
12. archaea
13. human

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

9.‒10. Refer to the figure below.

 

 

9. This is a cross section of a(n) _______.

Answer: cilium or flagellum

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

10. The arrangement of the circles in the figure is termed a “9 + 2” array because there are
11. nine pairs of pores surrounding two inner pores.
12. nine pairs of fused microtubules surrounding two central unfused microtubules.
13. nine sets of tubules made of a-tubulin plus two tubules composed of b-tubulin.
14. nine pairs of microfilaments surrounding two intermediate filaments.
15. nine pairs of intermediate filaments surrounding two microtubules.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

 

DIAGNOSTIC QUIZ QUESTIONS (from BioPortal)

(By Amy Burnside)

 

1. Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane of eukaryotes?
2. Receiving signals from other cells
3. Creating energy
4. Adhering to other cells
5. Homeostasis
6. Selective uptake

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

2. Prokaryotes
3. have a cell wall similar in composition to that of plant cells.
4. have a nucleus.
5. do not have ribosomes.
6. are surrounded by a plasma membrane.
7. are typically larger than eukaryotic cells.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

3. Plant cells do not have lysosomes. Which of the following structures likely fulfills the function of lysosomes in a plant cell?
4. Vacuole
5. Peroxisome
6. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
7. Golgi apparatus
8. Chloroplast

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

4. Which of the following about the nucleus in animal cells is false?
5. It occupies the largest volume of the cell.
6. DNA replication takes place in the nucleus.
7. It is the site of protein synthesis.
8. DNA in the nucleus combines with proteins.
9. The nucleolus is located in the nucleus.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

5. Which of the following organelles is involved in energy gathering?
6. Lysosomes
7. Vacuoles
8. Chloroplasts
9. Peroxisomes
10. Nuclei

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

6. Nucleic acids are found in
7. the nucleus.
8. mitochondria.
9. ribosomes.
10. prokaryotic cells.
11. All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

7. The endomembrane system
8. is present in prokaryotes.
9. includes the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus.
10. includes the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum.
11. functions to make ATP.
12. does not exist in plant cells.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

8. Which of the following processes is not carried out by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
9. Protein synthesis
10. Modification of proteins
11. Chemical modification of foreign molecules, including drugs
12. Lipid biosynthesis
13. Steroid biosynthesis

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

9. Some proteins that are on the surface of mammalian cells contain carbohydrates. These proteins are synthesized by _______ and the sugars are added in the _______.
10. mitochondrial ribosomes; smooth endoplasmic reticulum
11. the rough endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus
12. cytoplasmic ribosomes; smooth endoplasmic reticulum
13. the Golgi apparatus; rough endoplasmic reticulum
14. cytoplasmic ribosomes; plasma membrane

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

10. Lysosomes
11. are derived from the endoplasmic reticulum.
12. are derived from the nucleus.
13. contain enzymes that synthesize proteins.
14. have a lower internal pH than the cytoplasm.
15. are derived from the plasma membrane.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

11. Plastids are
12. present in all eukaryotes.
13. always green.
14. only present in photosynthetic prokaryotes.
15. present in nearly all plant cells.
16. very similar to mitochondria.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

12. The cytoskeleton
13. includes flagella.
14. is fully present in prokaryotes.
15. moves organelles within cells.
16. is composed of polymers of nucleotides.
17. surrounds cells much like cell walls.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

13. The vacuole occupies the largest volume in a mature plant cell so as to
14. make space for a lot of chlorophyll and thus light-gathering potential.
15. retain water and thus create turgor pressure.
16. maintain a large space for protein synthesis.
17. allow a large amount of ATP production.
18. allow digestion of a large amount of external material.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

14. Which of the following statements best describes what happens to the organelles within pepper fruit cells as the fruit turns from green to red?
15. Leucoplasts become chloroplasts
16. Chloroplasts become leucoplasts
17. Chromoplasts become chloroplasts
18. Leucoplasts become chromoplasts
19. Chloroplasts become chromoplasts

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

15. Which of the following structures is involved with the movement of organelles within a cell?
16. Golgi apparatus
17. Endoplasmic reticulum
18. Mitochondrion
19. Microtubules
20. Intermediate filaments

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

16. Cilia and eukaryotic flagella
17. propel cells by rotation of the structures.
18. contain microfilaments.
19. contain microtubules that are sufficient to drive movement.
20. have a motor protein that uses chemical energy to power movement.
21. contain centrioles.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

17. Which of the following protein families contains members that power the movement of both cilia and vesicles within a cell?
18. Myosin
19. Actin
20. Keratin
21. Dynein
22. Kinesin

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

18. The extracellular matrix of animal cells
19. holds cells together.
20. contains collagen.
21. contains proteoglycans.
22. is involved in chemical signaling between cells.
23. All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

19. Which of the following provides evidence for the endosymbiosis theory?
20. Mitochondria and plastids contain their own unique sets of genes.
21. Observation of endosymbiotic events in the eukaryote Hatena.
22. Transfer of genes from endosymbionts to the host’s nucleus.
23. Similarity of ribosomes found in mitochondria and plastids to those of bacteria.
24. All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

20. Which of the following organelles is thought to have arisen from an endosymbiotic relationship with a prokaryote?
21. Mitochondria
22. Nuclei
23. Golgi apparatus
24. Lysosomes
25. Peroxisomes

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

 

LEARNINGCURVE QUESTIONS (from BioPortal)

(By Amy Burnside)

 

1. An organism made up of many small cells as opposed to one large cell has all of the following advantages except
2. increased uptake of necessary nutrients from the environment.
3. compartmentalization of functions within the organism.
4. increased exchange of waste products to the environment.
5. decreased diffusion between nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm.
6. more efficient transport of materials.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

2. Which of the following would best allow an organism to increase its ability to exchange products with the environment relative to its amount of chemical activity?
3. Increase its size.
4. Engulf another cell.
5. Divide into as many small cells as possible.
6. Adhere itself to another cell.
7. Move around quickly in its environment.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

3. Ribosomes are not visible under a light microscope, but they can be seen with an electron microscope because
4. electron beams have more energy than light beams.
5. electron microscopes focus light with magnets.
6. electron microscopes have more resolving power than light microscopes.
7. electrons have such high energy that they pass through biological samples.
8. electron microscopes can be used to observe living cells.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

4. Which of these functions is not carried out by the plasma membrane?
5. Compartmentalization
6. Adhesion
7. Communication
8. Active transport
9. Protein production

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

5. The plasma membrane
6. separates the cell from its environment.
7. regulates movement of substances into and out of the cell.
8. helps maintain a constant internal environment.
9. communicates with adjacent cells.
10. All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

6. What type of molecule will cross a plasma membrane most easily?
7. A protein with multiple charged regions
8. A nonpolar small molecule
9. A nonpolar large molecule
10. A polar small molecule
11. A nucleic acid

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

7. In order to visualize subcellular structures, such as mitochondria, what type of microscopy should be used?
8. Phase-contrast microscopy
9. Bright-field microscopy
10. Differential interference contrast microscopy
11. Electron microscopy
12. None; the eye can see these structures unaided.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

8. In order to see an entire bacterial cell after viewing an entire plant cell on a light microscope, you would need to
9. increase the magnification.
10. decrease the magnification.
11. change the light source.
12. This cannot be done, because an electron microscope is needed to view the bacteria.
13. This cannot be done, because an electron microscope is needed to view a plant cell.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

9. All of the following are benefits of electron microscopy except
10. the ability to image live cells.
11. ultrafine resolution.
12. the ability to visualize 3-D topography with scanning electron microscopy.
13. the ability to resolve internal compartments of organelles.
14. None; all of the above are benefits.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

10. You are designing a drug that you want to be taken up by cells by permeating the plasma membrane. What is the most important property the substance should have for entry into the plasma membrane?
11. Polar, large molecule
12. Multisubunit protein
13. DNA based
14. Nonpolar small molecule
15. Hydrophilic protein

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

11. Which type of microscopy has the greatest resolution?
12. Phase-contrast microscopy
13. Freeze fracture electron microscopy
14. Fluorescence microscopy
15. Transmission electron microscopy
16. Confocal microscopy

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

12. Of the following microscope parts, which is shared by the electron microscope and the light microscope?
13. Light beam
14. Magnets
15. Objective lens
16. Electron beam
17. Fluorescent screen

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

13. In order to increase the ability of a cell to bind to other cells, what kind of alterations should you make to the plasma membrane?
14. Create holes in the membrane so the sticky cytoplasm can leak out and adhere to other cells.
15. Change the protein content of the plasma membrane to allow increased intracellular adhesion.
16. Change the lipid content of the plasma membrane to decrease its polarity, making it more attractive to other cells.
17. Coat the outer layer of the plasma membrane with a nonpolar substance that increases adhesiveness.
18. Coat the cell with slimy polysaccharides to attract other cells.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

14. A prokaryotic cell does not typically have a _______ or _______.
15. nucleus; membrane-bound organelles
16. nucleus; DNA
17. nucleus; ribosomes
18. nucleus; membranes
19. cell wall; membranes

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

15. Which would be considered an ancestral cell type?
16. An E. coli bacterium
17. A mushroom spore
18. A chicken egg
19. A fern cell
20. Human sperm

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

16. In order to classify an organism as eukaryotic, it cannot contain
17. ribosomes.
18. chloroplasts.
19. mitochondria.
20. plasmodesmata.
21. a nucleoid.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

17. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?
18. A plasma membrane
19. A nuclear envelope
20. A nucleoid
21. Ribosomes
22. Enzymes

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

18. Which of the following is(are) found in prokaryotic cells?
19. Mitochondria
20. Chloroplasts
21. Nuclear membrane
22. Ribosomes
23. Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

19. You are given an unknown cell with a flagellum and asked to classify it as either prokaryote or eukaryote. Compilation of all the following characteristics of your cell can help you except the
20. size of the cell.
21. presence or absence of ribosomes.
22. presence or absence of a nucleus.
23. presence or absence of a peptidoglycan layer.
24. type of protein monomer in the flagellum.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

20. Members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea have all of the following except
21. nuclei.
22. ribosomes.
23. DNA.
24. a plasma membrane.
25. cytoplasm.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

21. To protect themselves from attack by a host’s immune system, some bacteria cover themselves with a specialized structure known as a(n)
22. plasma membrane.
23. capsule.
24. lamina.
25. envelope.
26. endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

22. As you travel through a prokaryotic cell in a matrix or biofilm that contains a plasma membrane, cell wall, capsule, and an outer membrane, in what order would you encounter the layers from outside to inside?
23. Phospholipid bilayer, slimy polysaccharide layer, peptidoglycan layer, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane
24. Peptidoglycan layer, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, slimy polysaccharide layer, phospholipid bilayer
25. Slimy polysaccharide layer, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, peptidoglycan layer, phospholipid bilayer
26. Polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, peptidoglycan layer, phospholipid bilayer, slimy polysaccharide layer
27. Slimy polysaccharide layer, phospholipid bilayer, peptidoglycan layer, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

23. You examine an unknown organism using freeze fracture electron microscopy and discover that it has a double-layer outer membrane and ribosomes. You also find that it has inner membranes, but it is difficult to tell if they are contiguous with the plasma membrane or not. Finding which of the following on the organism would allow you to be able to classify this as a prokaryote?
24. DNA
25. A distinct mitochondrion
26. A capsule
27. Plastids
28. None of the above

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

24. You discover a mutant bacterium that on close examination appears to contain an intact flagellum yet is unable to use the flagellum for motility. You also discover that a protein at the base of the flagella that is normally anchored to the plasma membrane is missing. You thus conclude that the bacterium must be either lacking or producing a mutant form of
25. flagellin.
26. myosin.
27. dynein.
28. transport apparatus.
29. peptidoglycan.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

25. While examining the plasma membrane of a bacterium using electron microscopy, you have discovered the presence of complex motor protein assembly. You do not find any evidence of a proper flagellum. You can conclude that the bacteria most likely has lost its ability to make
26. flagellin.
27. tubulin.
28. actin.
29. keratin.
30. myosin.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

26. You want to design a drug that helps prevent bacterial infections that specifically derive from motile bacteria. Which of the following structures could be a target of your new drug?
27. Flagella
28. Fimbriae
29. Pili
30. Cilia
31. Conjugative pili

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

27. Specialized cellular appendages of prokaryotes that help bacteria adhere to one another when they exchange genetic material are called
28. the Golgi apparatus.
29. cilia.
30. flagella.
31. pili.
32. capsules.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

28. You are given an unknown organism to classify. The presence of which of the following structures would eliminate the possibility that your organism is an animal?
29. A nucleus
30. A nucleolus
31. Mitochondria
32. Chloroplasts
33. Golgi apparatus

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

29. Which of the following techniques could you use to determine if the flagellum-like structure you are observing is made of the protein flagellin or tubulin?
30. Cell fractionation
31. Microscopy
32. Biochemical analysis
33. Both b and c
34. All of the above

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

30. You discovered what looks to be a new organelle that is smaller than a mitochondrion, but you need to do further testing to best determine its cellular function. What would be your best plan of action?
31. Use a light microscope under normal culturing conditions and watch its movement through the cell to see if you can determine its cellular role.
32. Observe the organelle with freeze fracture electron microscopy.
33. Isolate the organelle using cell fractionation and follow with further biochemical analysis.
34. Use a chemical against actin to prevent organelle transport within the cell and observe cellular function.
35. Use a detergent to break up the lipid membrane of the organelle in the cell and observe the resulting cell function.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

31. Ribosomes are not found in
32. mitochondria.
33. chloroplasts.
34. the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
35. prokaryotic cells.
36. the Golgi apparatus.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

32. A new protein with a molecular weight of 25,000 is discovered and found to reside only in the nucleus. For this to happen, the protein must
33. be made in the nucleolus.
34. pass through the nuclear pore.
35. contain a specific short amino acid sequence.
36. travel through the plasmodesmata.
37. be involved in translation.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

33. The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the
34. nuclear envelope.
35. Golgi apparatus.
36. nucleolus.
37. plasma membrane.
38. mitochondria.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

34. The membrane surrounding each organelle
35. is composed of hydrophobic proteins.
36. regulates traffic into and out of the organelle.
37. is studded with ribosomes.
38. allows for interactions among molecules.
39. is perforated with pores.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

35. An unknown cell is cultured in a solution that contains a stain that binds to protein. It is found that this cell excretes quite a large amount of protein to its environment as compared to a typical liver cell. Based on this information, you determine that this cell must have a large amount of
36. rough endoplasmic reticulum.
37. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
38. chromosomes.
39. nuclear pores.
40. peptidoglycan.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

36. A secondary lysosome is a lysosome that
37. provides a backup to the primary lysosomes.
38. is smaller than a primary lysosome.
39. will become a primary lysosome when it fuses with a phagosome.
40. is a primary lysosome that has fused with a phagosome.
41. has exocytosed.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

37. Lysosomes are important to eukaryotic cells because they contain
38. photosynthetic pigments.
39. starch molecules for energy storage.
40. their own DNA molecules.
41. cell waste materials.
42. digestive enzymes.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

38. Although plant and animal cells are both classified as eukaryotic, they do have some differences. Of the following, which denotes a correct pairing of an animal and a plant cell structure that serve the same function?
39. Animal nuclear pore: plant plasmodesmata
40. Animal mitochondria: plant leucoplast
41. Animal lysosome: plant vacuole
42. Animal peroxisome: plant glyoxysomes
43. Animal cytoskeleton: plant cell wall

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

39. A mutant cell line is found and examined. Under normal conditions this cell type excretes the steroid estrogen, but it is found that this particular line does not. Where should a researcher look to determine if the cells’ defect is in the excretion of the hormone or in the synthesis?
40. The smooth ER
41. The rough ER
42. Mitochondria
43. Free ribosomes
44. The Golgi apparatus

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

40. A moss cell is placed in culture with an unknown chemical substance. It is found that the cell appears able to “divide” because the cell is observed to grow and replicate its internal organelles and nuclei, but it does not form primary cell walls. It appears that the substance has affected the synthesis of the polysaccharides that compose the cell wall. Which organelle is possibly targeted by the unknown chemical?
41. Nucleus
42. Plasmodesmata
43. Mitochondria
44. Golgi apparatus
45. Chloroplast

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

41. Which structure is not involved in the breakdown of food particles by the cell?
42. Phagosome
43. Primary lysosome
44. Secondary lysosome
45. Golgi apparatus
46. Ribosome

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

42. Muscle cells need large amounts of calcium and ATP for contraction. Based on these requirements, you would expect that muscle cells would have an increased amount of what type of organelles (per unit volume)?
43. Chloroplasts and rough endoplasmic reticulum
44. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles
45. Golgi apparatus and mitochondria
46. Peroxisomes and Golgi apparatus
47. Mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

43. Which of the following statements about lysosomes is true?
44. They are the sites where autophagy occurs.
45. They provide turgor in plant cells.
46. They may contain anthocyanins that aid in pollination.
47. They are found only in plants.
48. They may have arisen through endosymbiosis.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

44. Which is the series of structures that a macromolecule would encounter after it is engulfed into a cell until its monomers are used as an energy source?
45. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria
46. Primary lysosome, secondary lysosome, peroxisome, plasma membrane
47. Primary lysosome, peroxisome, secondary lysosome, mitochondria
48. Phagosome, secondary lysosome, cytoplasm, mitochondria
49. Phagosome, cytoplasm, cisternae, secondary lysosome, mitochondria

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

45. Chloroplasts are a kind of
46. leucoplast.
47. endoplasmic reticulum.
48. chromoplast.
49. Golgi apparatus.
50. plastid.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

46. Which type of cell structure is found in plants but not in animals?
47. Ribosomes
48. Mitochondria
49. Nuclei
50. Plastids
51. None of the above

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

47. The source of the most abundant type of lipid in the world is
48. animal fat.
49. cisternae.
50. thylakoid.
51. cristae.
52. extracellular matrix.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

48. Which of the following is a function of a plant cell vacuole?
49. Storage of toxic by-products and wastes
50. Support for the cell
51. Containment of animal-attracting pigments that aid in pollination
52. Hydrolysis of seed proteins into food for the plant embryo
53. All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

49. One difference between plant and animal cells is that
50. only animal cells have mitochondria.
51. animal cells lack a large central vacuole.
52. plant cells have a cell wall, whereas animal cells have a plasma membrane.
53. plant cells lack a cytoskeleton.
54. only plant cells have peroxisomes.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

50. Components of the cytoskeleton can be linked to all of the following functions of eukaryotic cells except
51. the movement of chloroplasts within the plant cytoplasm.
52. separation of chromosomes during cellular division.
53. creation of pseudopodia in immune cells.
54. contraction of a cardiac muscle cell.
55. All of the above functions require cytoskeletal components.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

51. Which of the following structures is (are) involved with maintaining the position of the organelles within a cell?
52. Golgi apparatus
53. Endoplasmic reticulum
54. Mitochondria
55. Microfilaments
56. Intermediate filaments

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

52. An unknown animal is discovered preserved in ice. In its cells is an unknown type of cytoskeletal component that is rope like in structure and has a diameter of 11 nm. How would the scientists classify this component?
53. A microfilament
54. Microvilli
55. An intermediate filament
56. Cilia
57. A microtubule

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

53. Microvilli are supported by a network of which type of structure?
54. Microtubules
55. Microfilaments
56. Myosin
57. Intermediate filaments
58. Chromatin

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

54. Microtubules are made of
55. actin, and they function in locomotion.
56. tubulin, and they are essential in chromosome movement during mitosis.
57. tubulin, and they are found in microvilli.
58. actin, and they function to change cell shape.
59. polysaccharides, and they function in locomotion.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

55. Hair and some intermediate filaments are composed of
56. microtubules.
57. microfilaments.
58. collagen.
59. proteoglycans.
60. keratin.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

56. Microtubules are composed of
57. a- and b-tubulin.
58. d- and l-actin.
59. r- and s-myosin.
60. k tubules.
61. k actinomin.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

57. Cytoskeletal components with a 10 nm diameter are discovered in the cultured cells of an animal. Before you can confirm the identity of the cytoskeletal component, what would be a good experiment to check your hypothesis?
58. Expose the cells to a substance that binds myosin proteins and see if the cell is still able to make the structures.
59. Incubate the cells in a substance that will depolymerize actin and observe if the structure collapses.
60. Inject a tubulin binding protein and see if the cell is able to maintain the structures.
61. Add a dynein inhibitor and see if the structures disappear.
62. Include a keratin digestion component in the culture and confirm loss of the structure.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

58. What would happen if microvilli were exposed to an agent that depolymerizes tubulin?
59. The microvilli would lose their shape.
60. The microvilli would maintain their shape but no longer be able to move.
61. The microvilli would maintain their shape but no longer remain erect/upright because they will not be anchored to the cytoskeleton.
62. The membrane surrounding the microvilli would rupture.
63. Most likely nothing directly affects shape or structure of the microvilli.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

59. A patient is admitted to the hospital for dehydration and malnutrition. On close observation of the intestine, it appears that the cells lining the intestine have fully formed microvilli. However, these microvilli are not uniformly standing upright and protruding into the lumen of the intestine, but are lying down so that full exposure to the contents of the intestine cannot be obtained. The doctors conclude that the patient may have a defect in what cellular component?
60. Actin
61. Myosin
62. Intermediate filaments
63. Microfibers
64. Tubulin

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

60. A cancer drug is being tested, and it is found that although the cancer cells can divide, the nuclear envelope cannot reform. It is determined that a protein substance is sequestered so that it cannot be polymerized into the necessary structure. What is the most likely protein target of the drug?
61. Lamin
62. Keratin
63. Alpha-tubulin
64. Beta-tubulin
65. Actin

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

61. The surface area of the small intestine is greatly increased by
62. microtubules.
63. pili.
64. cristae.
65. myosin.
66. microvilli.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

62. If you wanted to stop the movement of a ciliated protist in culture, you could incubate it in a substance that inhibits
63. flagellin.
64. myosin.
65. actin.
66. dynein.
67. kinesin.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

63. A cultured cell line appears to be having trouble surviving. Although the cells appear to have normal cell division and chromosome separation, on staining the cell for secondary lysosomes, you find that they are just “hanging out” in the cytoplasm and not traveling to the plasma membrane and releasing their waste products to the environment at a sufficient rate. Based on these observations, you decide that you need to check to make sure that the cell line has not developed a mutation in what protein?
64. Dynein
65. Tubulin
66. Nexin
67. Myosin
68. Both a and b

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

64. Extracellular structures have which of the following roles?
65. Signaling
66. Support
67. Adhesion
68. Barrier
69. All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

65. All of the following are examples of extracellular structures except
66. peptidoglycan cell wall of a bacterium.
67. plant cell wall.
68. bacterial capsule.
69. basal lamina.
70. lamin.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

66. All of the following molecules can be found in extracellular structures except
67. integrin.
68. collagen.
69. cellulose.
70. peptidoglycan.
71. lamin.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

67. Uniform concentrations of cytoplasmic materials within plant tissues are maintained by
68. motor proteins such as kinesin.
69. membrane-lined channels called plasmodesmata.
70. the semirigid cell wall.
71. constantly beating cilia.
72. an internal cytoskeleton.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

68. A dye is injected into one plant cell and is observed to travel into adjacent plant cells. The dye is traveling between cells through
69. osmosis.
70. plasmodesmata.
71. nuclear pores.
72. integrins.
73. dynein.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

69. If you were to design an insecticide that you wanted to pass between cells to protect them from pests, the insecticide should be
70. less than or equal to 30 nm in diameter.
71. polar.
72. strongly hydrophilic.
73. strongly hydrophobic.
74. Both a and c

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

70. Which of the following statements is true concerning endosymbiosis?
71. Endosymbiotic events never occur in modern times.
72. Endosymbiosis occurred only twice, once to form mitochondria and once to form plastids.
73. Endosymbiosis occurs when an animal ingests another organism.
74. The nucleus probably formed through an endosymbiotic event.
75. The endomembrane system and other internal membranes probably formed from the plasma membrane.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

71. Some organelles in eukaryotic cells are thought to have
72. originated from extracellular symbiotic relationships.
73. their own endoplasmic reticulum.
74. their own mitochondria.
75. originated from endosymbiotic relationships.
76. the ability to live free of the host cell.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

72. Mitochondria and plastids are believed to have once been independent organisms because they
73. contain their own DNA.
74. have flagella.
75. have glyoxysomes.
76. make vesicles.
77. have nuclei.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

73. All of the following observations support the theory of endosymbiosis except
74. chloroplasts have their own DNA.
75. chloroplasts divide independent of the nucleus.
76. mitochondria divide independent of the nucleus.
77. mitochondria are similar in size to bacteria.
78. all cellular organelles have double membranes like the plasma membranes of bacteria.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

74. You have three cell types: A, B, and C. On close examination, you generate a theory that cell C is the result of an endosymbiotic relationship between cell A and cell B, where A was internalized by B. What could you test to see if this were true?
75. Check to see if genes from cell A are present in the DNA of cell C, yet absent from B.
76. Check to see if genes from cell B are present in the DNA of cell A, yet absent from C.
77. Check to see if genes from cell C are present in the DNA of cell A, yet absent from B.
78. Check to see if the DNA from any organelles in cell C contain genes from cell B.
79. Both a and d

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

75. Which of the following statements most supports the endosymbiosis theory?
76. The size ratio of eukaryotes versus prokaryotes is equivalent to that of a host cell to its mitochondria or chloroplast.
77. If a eukaryotic cell were emptied of all its mitochondria and chloroplasts, it would still be able to produce ATP, allowing it to grow and replicate as normal.
78. Mitochondria and chloroplasts can survive and replicate once removed from their host cells.
79. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are capable of photosynthesis.
80. The membrane surrounding organelles is more similar to the membrane of a prokaryote than the membrane of a eukaryote.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

 

STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS

(By Laurel Hester)

 

1. A mass of cells is found in the sediment surrounding a thermal vent in the ocean floor. The salinity in the area is quite high. Microscopic examination of one of the cells reveals no evidence of membrane-enclosed organelles. This cell would be classified as a
2. eukaryotic cell.
3. prokaryotic cell.
4. member of domain Archaea or Bacteria.
5. Both a and c
6. Both b and c

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

2. Centrifugation of a cell results in the rupture of the cell membrane and the compacting of the contents into a pellet in the bottom of the centrifuge tube. Bathing this pellet with a glucose solution yields metabolic activity, including the production of ATP. One of the contents of this pellet is most likely which of the following?
3. Cytosol
4. Mitochondria
5. Lysosomes
6. Golgi bodies
7. Thylakoids

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

3. Which of the following is not one of the tenets of cell theory?
4. All living things are composed of cells.
5. Cells are the fundamental units of life.
6. All cells come from preexisting cells.
7. All cells contain mitochondria.
8. None of the above is an element of cell theory.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

4. Though science fiction has produced stories like “The Blob,” we do not see many large, single-celled organisms. Which of the following tends to limit cell size?
5. The difficulty of maintaining a continuous large membrane
6. The difficulty of reproduction in a large cell
7. Surface area-to-volume ratios
8. All of the above
9. None of the above

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

5. Which technique would be best suited to a study of normal cell migration during embryonic development?
6. Direct visual observation
7. Light microscopy
8. Electron microscopy
9. Cell fractionation
10. Experimentation on mutants

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

6. The cellular function of the RER is
7. DNA synthesis.
8. photosynthesis.
9. cellular respiration.
10. protein synthesis.
11. mRNA degradation.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

7. Photosynthesis occurs in the
8. chloroplast.
9. mitochondria.
10. Golgi apparatus.
11. nucleus.
12. RER.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

8. Lysosomes are involved in
9. DNA synthesis.
10. the breakdown of phagocytized material.
11. protein folding.
12. pigment production.
13. cell membrane production.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

9. The packaging of proteins to be used outside the cell occurs in the
10. nucleus.
11. SER.
12. Golgi apparatus.
13. chromoplast.
14. nuclear pore.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

10. A hospital nurse notices a slick spot on an IV needle and suspects bacterial contamination. What bacterial structure might have helped these cells attach to one another and stick to the needle?
11. Capsule
12. Cell wall
13. Cytoplasm
14. Flagella
15. Ribosomes

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

11. Movement of cells in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is accomplished by which of the following structures?
12. Cilia
13. Pili
14. Dynein
15. Cell membranes
16. Flagella

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

12. Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts is true?
13. Animal cells produce chloroplasts.
14. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts may be found in the same cell.
15. Mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot be found in the same cell.
16. In certain conditions, chloroplasts can revert to mitochondria.
17. None of the above

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

13. Which of the following cell structures is paired with the molecule type most similar to its actual chemical components?
14. Cilia – nucleic acid
15. Thylakoids – peptidoglycan
16. Ribosomes – phospholipids
17. Microfilaments – cellulose
18. Plant cell wall matrix – proteoglycans

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

14. Nuclear DNA exists as a complex of proteins called _______, which condense(s) into _______ during cellular division.
15. chromosomes; chromatin
16. chromatids; chromosomes
17. chromophors; chromatin
18. chromatin; chromosomes
19. None of the above

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

15. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum differ
16. only in terms of the presence (RER) or absence (SER) of ribosomes.
17. in their function, and also in terms of the presence (RER) or absence (SER) of ribosomes.
18. only in terms of their microscopic appearance.
19. only in their function.
20. None of the above

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

16. Which of the following depicts an endosymbiosis?
17. Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live inside legume root nodules, releasing fixed nitrogen and absorbing plant carbohydrates.
18. Some birds follow army ant raids across the forest, eating insects that fly up in their attempt to escape the ants.
19. Barnacles can be found living on whales, where they may impede the whale’s movement but do not otherwise harm it.
20. Certain mites live in hair follicles, where they occasionally cause skin irritation but are otherwise benign.
21. The influenza or flu virus replicates itself inside its host’s cells, using the host cell’s transcription and translation machinery.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

 

CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS (from Textbook)

 

1. Which structure is generally present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic plant cells?
2. Chloroplasts
3. Cell wall
4. Nucleus
5. Mitochondria
6. Microtubules

Answer: b

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

2. The major factor limiting cell size is the
3. concentration of water in the cytoplasm.
4. need for energy.
5. presence of membrane-enclosed organelles.
6. ratio of surface area to volume.
7. composition of the plasma membrane.

Answer: d

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

3. Which statement about plastids is true?
4. They are found in prokaryotes.
5. They are surrounded by a single membrane.
6. They are the sites of cellular respiration.
7. They are found only in fungi.
8. They may contain various pigments or polysaccharides.

Answer: e

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

4. Which structure is not surrounded by one or more membranes?
5. Ribosome
6. Chloroplast
7. Mitochondrion
8. Peroxisome
9. Vacuole

Answer: a

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

5. The cytoskeleton consists of
6. cilia, flagella, and microfilaments.
7. cilia, microtubules, and microfilaments.
8. internal cell walls.
9. microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments.
10. calcified microtubules.

Answer: d

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

6. Microfilaments
7. are composed of polysaccharides.
8. are composed of actin.
9. allow cilia and flagella to move.
10. make up the spindle that aids the movement of chromosomes.
11. maintain the position of the chloroplast in the cell.

Answer: b

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

7. If all the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured, what would be the most likely result?
8. The macromolecules in the cytosol would break down.
9. More proteins would be made.
10. The DNA in mitochondria would break down.
11. The mitochondria and chloroplasts would divide.
12. There would be no change in cell function.

Answer: a

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

8. Through how many membranes would a molecule have to pass in moving from the interior (stroma) of a chloroplast to the interior (matrix) of a mitochondrion? From the interior of a lysosome to the outside of a cell? From one ribosome to another?

Answer: Four membranes: two in the chloroplast and two in the mitochondrion

Two membranes: the lysosomal membrane and the plasma membrane (via vesicle; the molecules do not themselves cross any membranes)

No membranes: ribosomes do not have membranes. However, if the ribosomes were associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the answer would be two membranes: into the ER and out of the ER.

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

9. Compare the extracellular matrix of the animal cell with the plant cell wall, with respect to composition of the fibrous and nonfibrous components, rigidity, and connectivity of cells.

Answer:

 

	Animal Cell ECM	Plant Cell Wall
Composition	Collagen fibers in proteoglycan matrix	Cellulose fibers in polysaccharide and protein matrix
Rigidity	Less rigid	More rigid (especially secondary cell walls)
Connections	Some specialized proteins and junctions	Plasmodesmata

 

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

10. The drug vincristine is used to treat many cancers. It apparently works by causing microtubules to depolymerize. Vincristine use has many side effects, including loss of dividing cells and nerve problems. Explain why this might be so.

Answer: Microtubules line the long axons of nerve cells, where they act as tracks for vesicles that carry substances down the neuron. Without microtubules, the contents of these vesicles cannot be delivered to their destination, which can result in nerve problems.

Microtubules are a key part of the mitotic spindle, which is used to move chromosomes during cell division. Depolymerization of microtubules can thus result in loss of dividing cells.

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

11. The movements of newly synthesized proteins can be followed through cells using a “pulse–chase” experiment. During synthesis, proteins are tagged with a radioactive isotope (the “pulse”), and then the cells are allowed to process the proteins for varying periods of time. The locations of the radioactive proteins are then determined by isolating cell organelles and quantifying their levels of radioactivity. What results would you expect for (a) a lysosomal enzyme and (b) a protein that is released from the cell?

Answer: For a lysosomal enzyme, the pathway would be ribosome ® interior of ER ® Golgi ® Golgi vesicles ® lysosome.

For an extracellular protein (animal cells), the pathway would be ribosome ® interior of ER ® Golgi ® Golgi vesicles ® plasma membrane ® extracellular region.

Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating