Marine Science Ist Edition By Peter Castro - Test Bank

Marine Science Ist Edition By Peter Castro – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

 

Chapter 05

Ocean and Atmospheric Circulation

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

 

1. The _______ contains 90% of all atmospheric gas, but the _______ contains ozone.
2. Mesosphere, troposphere
3. Mesosphere, stratosphere
4. Stratosphere, thermosphere
5. Troposphere, mesosphere
6. Troposphere, stratosphere

 

Ans: E

Florida Standards:

Ocean Literacy Standards:

Book Section: 5.1

 

2. The Coriolis effect is the direct result of which of the following?
   A. Temperature
   B. Gravitational pull of the sun
   C. Ocean currents
   D.Rotation of the earth
   E. Wind

 

Ans: D

Florida Standards:

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.1

 

3. Which of the following is not an important greenhouse gas?
4. CO₂
5. H₂O
6. N₂
7. CH₄
8. N₂O

 

Ans: C

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.e

Book Section: 5.1

 

4. Which of the following does not affect atmospheric CO₂ levels of in the natural carbon cycle?
5. Volcanoes
6. Air–sea exchange
7. Biological activity
8. Cement production
9. Photosynthesis

 

Ans: D

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.e

Book Section: 5.1

 

5. Isotopes have the same number of _______ but a different number of _______.
6. Protons, neutrons
7. Protons, electrons
8. Neutrons, protons
9. Neutrons, electrons
10. Electrons, protons

 

Ans: A

Florida Standards:

Ocean Literacy Standards:

Book Section: 5.1

 

6. The tropics lie between:
7. The Tropic of Cancer and 23.5°N.
8. The Tropic of Capricorn and 23.5°N.
9. The Tropic of Cancer and the Equator.
10. The Tropic of Capricorn and the Equator.
11. The Tropic of Capricorn and 23.5°S.

 

Ans: B

Florida Standards:

Ocean Literacy Standards:

Book Section: 5.1

 

7. An area of low pressure is characterized by:
8. Sinking cool air.
9. Rising cool air.
10. Sinking warm air.
11. Rising warm air.
12. Clear skies.

 

Ans: D

Florida Standards:

Ocean Literacy Standards:

Book Section: 5.1

 

8. Which of the following has the largest effect on atmospheric wind patterns?
9. Depth of the sea
10. Clouds
11. Temperature
12. Volcanoes
13. Gravitational pull of sun and moon

 

Ans: C

Florida Standards:

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.1

 

9. Trade winds:
10. Are unaffected by the Coriolis effect.
11. Diverge from the Equator at a 90 degree angle.
12. Develop between 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south.
13. Move north in the Northern Hemisphere.
14. Change direction depending on ocean currents.

 

Ans: C

Florida Standards:

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.1

 

10. Winds that move toward the east are known as the:
11. Doldrums
12. Tradewinds
13. Westerlies
14. Polar easterlies
15. Jet stream

 

Ans: C

Florida Standards:

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.1

 

11. The Ekman spiral occurs as a result of:
    A. Salinity.
    B. Transparency.
    C. Pressure.
    D. Dissolved gases.
    E.Wind.

 

Ans: E

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.2

 

12. Gyres are:
13. Large circular systems of surface currents.
14. Affected by the Coriolis effect only in the Northern Hemisphere.
15. Extend only along the Equator.
16. Extend only around Antarctica.
17. Are found only in the Pacific Ocean.

 

Ans: A

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.2

 

13. The major surface currents of the oceans rotate counterclockwise in the:
14. Northern Hemisphere only.
15. Southern Hemisphere only.
16. In both hemispheres.
17. In the Atlantic Ocean only.
18. In the Pacific Ocean only.

 

Ans: B

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.2

 

14. In which of the following locations does a cold current flow almost into the Equator?
15. Atlantic coast of North America
16. Atlantic coast of South America
17. Pacific coast of Australia
18. Pacific coast of Asia
19. Pacific coast of South America

 

Ans: E

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.2

 

15. Coriolis-driven upwelling is most likely to occur:
16. Around Antarctica.
17. Around the Equator.
18. On the eastern side of ocean basins.
19. On the western side of ocean basins.
20. During monsoon season.

 

Answer: B

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.2

 

16. The main thermocline is located at the zone:
17. Right above the mixed layer.
18. Between the warm and cold layers.
19. Along the bottom.
20. Below the intermediate layer.
21. Right at the surface in warm tropical water.

 

Answer: B

Florida Standards:

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.3

 

17. The mixed layer is:
18. Also the intermediate layer.
19. Also the surface layer.
20. Where the main thermocline is located.
21. Typically less than 4°C.
22. Below 1,500 m.

 

Answer: B

Florida Standards:

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.3

 

18. A stable water column:
19. Has warm water floating on cold water.
20. Is well mixed.
21. Does not have a thermocline.
22. Has little density difference throughout.
23. Leads to downwelling.

 

Ans: A

Florida Standards:

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.3

 

19. Overturn is least likely to occur:
20. In the winter.
21. In the tropics.
22. In the polar regions.
23. In the temperate regions.
24. C and D.

 

Ans: B

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.3

 

20. Downwelling of surface waters to the bottom of the ocean occurs:
21. With cold, salty water.
22. With cold, fresh water.
23. With warm, salty water.
24. Off of Somalia.
25. Where the water column is stable.

 

Ans: A

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.3

 

21. Forces that cause water movements lead to mixing of the entire ocean once every _______ years.
22. 2,000
23. 3,000
24. 4,000
25. 5,000
26. 6,000

 

Ans: C

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.3

 

22. Which of the following is true about tropical organisms like corals?
    A. They survive at higher latitudes on the eastern sides of oceans due to upwelling.
    B.They survive at higher latitudes of the western sides of oceans due to surface current patterns.
    C. They survive at higher Arctic latitudes due to ocean current gyres.
    D. There is no difference.
    E. Tropical corals can be found in shallow water in all parts of the Earth’s oceans.

 

Ans: B

Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.3

Ocean Literacy Standards: 5.g

Book Section: 5.3

 

23. If air temperature decreases, then:
24. Wave height will increase.
25. Wave height will decrease.
26. The ocean temperature will also decrease, but not as much.
27. The ocean temperature will also decrease, the same amount.
28. The ocean temperature will also decrease, but a greater amount.

 

Ans: C

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.9

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.a

Book Section: 5.4

 

24. Higher than usual atmospheric pressure in the southeastern Pacific causes a _______ of trade winds and characterizes a(n) _______ event.
25. Weakening, El Niño
26. Reversal, La Niña
27. Strengthening, El Niño
28. Strengthening, La Niña
29. Reversal, El Niño

 

Ans: D

Florida Standards:

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.c

Book Section: 5.4

 

25. High pressure in the Eastern Indian Ocean results in:
26. Higher than usual atmospheric pressure off Peru.
27. Strengthening of trade winds.
28. Weakening of coastal upwelling off Peru.
29. Pacific Decadal Oscillation.
30. Hurricanes in the Caribbean.

 

Ans:

Florida Standards:

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.a

Book Section:

 

26. Tropical cyclones rotate _______ in the Northern Hemisphere and _________ in the Southern Hemisphere.
27. clockwise, counterclockwise
28. counterclockwise, clockwise
29. counterclockwise, counterclockwise
30. faster, slower
31. A and D

Ans:

Florida Standards:

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.b

Book Section:

 

27. Fossil fuels, sheep and cattle, rice paddies, and landfills are the main sources of ___________ to the atmosphere.
28. CH₄
29. CO₂
30. N₂O
31. H₂O
32. N₂

 

Ans: A

Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.16

Ocean Literacy Standards: 6.e

Book Section: 5.4

 

28. Ocean warming is a direct result of:
29. Ocean acidification.
30. Melting of glaciers and polar ice caps.
31. Thermal expansion.
32. B and C.
33. A, B, and C.

 

Ans: D

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.9, SC.912.L.17.16

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.f, 6.e

Book Section: 5.4

 

29. With climate change, monsoons are not expected to:
30. Affect a larger area.
31. Have heavier rainfall.
32. Have stronger winds.
33. Have weaker storm surge.
34. Change.

 

Ans: C

Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.16

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.b, 3.f

Book Section: 5.4

 

30. An increase in CO₂ is anticipated to benefit:
31. Sea jellies
32. Invasive species
33. Corals
34. A and B
35. A, B, and C

 

Ans: D

Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.4, SC.912.L.17.16

Ocean Literacy Standards: 6.e

Book Section: 5.4

 

31. Our climate is ultimately controlled by these two factors:
32. The moon and the sun
33. The sun and the ocean
34. Precipitation and the ocean
35. The sun and rivers, lakes, and streams
36. The sun and ice caps

 

Ans: B

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.4

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.a

Book Section: 5.1

 

32. In the natural carbon cycle, the ocean influences climate by controlling CO₂ levels primarily through:
33. air-sea exchange and fossil fuels
34. biological activity and massive geological events
35. massive geological events and air-sea exchange
36. biological activity and air-sea exchange
37. massive geological events and fossil fuels

 

Ans: D

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1, SC.912.E.7.4, SC.912.E.7.9

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.a, 3.e, 3.f

Book Section: 5.1

 

33. More evaporation occurs in the ______ because the sun’s rays are ________ concentrated, thus affecting precipitation both at sea and on land.
34. subtropics, less
35. tropics, less
36. subtropics, more
37. tropics, more
38. subtropics, not

 

Ans: D

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1, SC.912.E.7.4

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.f, 3.a, 3.b, 3.d

Book Section: 5.1

 

34. Which of the following has the greatest influence on the Earth’s winds and surface currents?
35. Precipitation
36. Evaporation
37. Uneven heating
38. Latent heat of cooling
39. Ekman transport

 

Ans: C

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1, SC.912.E.7.4, SC.912.P.10.2

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.b, 3.f

Book Section: 5.1

 

35. Fluctuations in ______ have the potential to cause climate changes and ice ages.
36. Surface currents
37. The great ocean conveyor
38. Trade winds
39. Hadley cells
40. Precipitation

 

Ans: B

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.4, SC.912.E.7.9, SC.912.P.10.2

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.a, 3.f, 3.g

Book Section: 5.3

 

36. Pacific Decadal, North Pacific, and El Niño Southern are all examples of _____, which can affect climate on short time scales.
37. Currents
38. Cyclones
39. Tsunamis
40. Monsoons
41. Oscillations

 

Ans: E

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.9, SC.912.P.10.2

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.a, 3.c, 3.g

Book Section: 5.4

 

37. The lack of coastal upwelling off of South America during the 1997-98 ENSO did not cause _______ in the area.
38. cooler surface waters in the area
39. heavy rainfall
40. a failure of fisheries
41. lack of nutrients to the surface
42. decreased evaporation in the area

 

Ans: A

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.6

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.c

Book Section: 5.4

 

38. All of these factors except _____ contribute to tropical cyclone formation, and are expected to intensify due to climate change.
39. high pressure
40. considerable evaporation
41. warm oceanic water
42. the Coriolis effect
43. warm air

 

Ans: A

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.6, SC.912.E.7.9

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.b, 3.d

Book Section 5.4

 

39. The increase in ocean temperatures due to climate change is causing the sea level to rise primarily via:
40. melting glaciers
41. thermal expansion
42. evaporation
43. A and B
44. B and C

 

Ans: D

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.9

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.d, 3.f

Book Section 5.5

 

40. This is not expected to worsen as the climate continues to change:
41. Rainfall
42. Areas affected by monsoons
43. Monsoon winds
44. Forest Fires
45. Human health

 

Ans: C

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.6, SC.912.E.7.9

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.f

Book Section 5.5

 

41. Which of the following would weaken a cyclone?
42. Land
43. Temperate waters
44. Crossing the Equator
45. A and B
46. A, B, and C

 

Ans: E

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.6

Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.a, 3.b, 3.d

Book Section: 5.4

 

42. Which of the following would not be caused by a cyclone?
43. tornadoes
44. storm surge
45. precipitation
46. tsunamis
47. winds

 

Ans: D

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.6

Ocean Literacy: 3.b, 3.d

Book Section: 5.4

 

43. Which statement about ocean water is true?
44. A water column with greater density differences between the layers is more stable than one with smaller density differences between the layers.
45. A water column with smaller density differences between the layers is more stable than one with greater density differences between the layers.
46. When surface water becomes more dense than the water below, the surface water sinks, which is called upwelling.
47. When surface water becomes more dense than the water below, the surface water sinks, which is called an ENSO.

 

Ans: A

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.9

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.3

 

 

[Art above goes with question 44]

44. Just for the fun of it, someone walking along the shore in Beaufort, South Carolina, throws a bottle with a message in it into the sea. Some time later, someone in Perth, on the west coast of Australia, finds the bottle. Referring to map, can you trace the path the bottle probably took?

 

 

Ans: The most probable route is: Gulf Stream, Canary Current to the Equator, South Equatorial Current, Brazil Current along the east coast of South America, Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and finally north along the west coast of Australia. Answers, however, may vary as students suggest alternatives to the above-mentioned route.

 

Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c

Book Section: 5.2

 

45. Combining what you know about ocean chemistry and circulation, what do you think would happen to the Great Ocean Conveyor if climate change continues to increase sea surface temperature in the Arctic?

 

Ans: It is likely that the Great Ocean Conveyor will weaken for two reasons. 1. An increase in temperature will cause sea ice and glaciers to continue to melt, which will supply additional fresh water to the area. Fresh water is not as dense as salt water, so less sinking will occur, and more of that introduced water will float on the surface. 2. The water in the area will warm, and will become more similar in temperature to water farther south and at depth (remember, deep water is around 4 °C, while surface water near the poles can reach temperatures below zero). This will also weaken the conveyor, as the temperature difference between surface water and the water below will be less intense. A weakened Great Ocean Conveyor might not have the strength to transfer heat around the globe as successfully, which will in turn impact the Earth’s climate and surface currents.

 

Florida Standards: SC.912.N.1.6, SC.912.E.7.1, SC.912.E.7.4, SC.912.E.7.9, SC.912.L.17.4, SC.912.L.17.16, SC.912.L.18.12

Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c, 3.a, 3.f, 3.g, 6.e