Personal Nutrition 8th Edition By Marie A. Boyle - Test Bank

Personal Nutrition 8th Edition By Marie A. Boyle – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Test Bank[1] for Personal Nutrition 8e

Chapter 7 – The Vitamins: A Functional Approach

 

Question information key:

ANS = correct answer; REF = textbook page reference; TOP = question topic

 

Multiple Choice

 

1. When a water-soluble vitamin is consumed in excess of body needs, the excess is usually:
2. not absorbed.
3. excreted in the urine.
4. stored in the liver, bone, and adipose tissue.
5. excreted in the breath.

 

ANS: b       REF: 191                                 TOP: The Two Classifications of Vitamins

 

2. When consumed in adequate amounts before and early in pregnancy, folate may prevent cases of:
3. neural tube defects in newborns.
4. rickets in infants.
5. scurvy.
6. morning sickness.

 

ANS: a       REF: 200                                 TOP: Folate

 

3. Thiamin is involved in:
4. formation of red blood cells.
5. blood coagulation.
6. collagen formation.
7. energy release from energy nutrients.
8. formation of mucopolysaccharides.

 

ANS: d       REF: 208                                 TOP: Thiamin

 

4. The vitamin most intensively involved in protein metabolism is:
5. riboflavin.
6. vitamin B₆.
7. biotin.
8. vitamin A.
9. vitamin E.

 

ANS: b       REF: 203                                 TOP: Vitamin B₆

 

5. Which vitamin is synthesized in the intestine by bacteria?
6. Vitamin A
7. Vitamin C
8. Vitamin D
9. Vitamin K
10. Niacin

 

ANS: d       REF: 205                                 TOP: Vitamin K

 

6. The replacement of red blood cells depends most heavily on:
7. thiamin.
8. riboflavin.
9. niacin.
10. folate.
11. vitamin B₆.

 

ANS: d       REF: 200                                 TOP: Folate

 

7. B vitamins:
8. are fat soluble.
9. become part of coenzymes.
10. are stored in adipose tissue.
11. are absorbed into lymph.

 

ANS: b       REF: 194                                 TOP: The Two Classifications of Vitamins

 

8. When the diet contains an adequate amount of protein, the body can synthesize niacin from the amino acid:
9. lysine.
10. tryptophan.
11. phenylalanine.
12. valine.
13. tyrosine.

 

ANS: b       REF: 210                                 TOP: Niacin

 

9. Riboflavin is destroyed by:
10. heat.
11. acid.
12. ultraviolet light.
13. alkali.

 

ANS: c       REF: 209                                 TOP: Riboflavin

 

10. A general function of vitamin C is its action as an:
11. antioxidant.
12. antiviral agent.
13. anti-cancer agent.
14. anti-anxiety agent.

 

ANS: a       REF: 195                                 TOP: Vitamin C

 

11. The vitamin needed for regulation of calcium metabolism is:
12. vitamin A.
13. vitamin C.
14. vitamin E.
15. vitamin D.

 

ANS: d       REF: 206                                 TOP: Vitamin D

 

12. It is established that vitamin C functions:
13. as a coenzyme in the formation of red blood cells.
14. in collagen formation.
15. with calcium in blood coagulation.
16. in release of energy from nutrients.

 

ANS: b       REF: 195                                 TOP: Vitamin C

 

13. Vitamin A toxicity is most likely to occur from:
14. consuming too many dark green and deep orange vegetables.
15. eating liver more than once a week.
16. consuming high-dosage vitamin A supplements.
17. drinking too much milk.

 

ANS: c       REF: 198                                 TOP: Beta-Carotene/Vitamin A

 

14. The main function of vitamin D is:
15. maintaining stability of cell membranes.
16. antioxidant protection.
17. synthesis of cholesterol.
18. bone mineralization.

 

ANS: d       REF: 206                                 TOP: Vitamin D

 

15. The effects of a deficiency of vitamin D are most readily observed in the:
16. nervous system.
17. skeletal system.
18. muscular system.
19. epithelial tissue.

 

ANS: b       REF: 207-208                          TOP: Vitamin D

 

16. The vitamin D deficiency disease in adults is called:
17. rickets.
18. keratomalacia.
19. hyperkeratosis.
20. osteomalacia.

 

ANS: d       REF: 208                                 TOP: Vitamin D

 

17. Which of the following foods are good sources of vitamin A?
18. enriched bread 5.   sweet potatoes
19. legumes 6.   Idaho potatoes
20. carrots 7.   liver
21. pears 8.   spinach
22. 1, 3, 4, 6
23. 1, 3, 5, 7
24. 2, 4, 6, 8
25. 3, 5, 7, 8
26. 1, 6, 7, 8

 

ANS: d       REF: 199                                 TOP: Beta-Carotene/Vitamin A

 

18. Which herb is mismatched with its purported use?
19. Black cohash – reduces symptoms of menopause
20. Ginger – settles an upset stomach
21. Psyllium – improves memory
22. Feverfew – reduces severity of migraines

 

ANS: c       REF: 217-218                          TOP: Medicinal Herbs

 

19. The most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet is:
20. meat.
21. fruits and vegetables.
22. fortified milk.
23. enriched breads and cereals.

 

ANS: c       REF: 207                                 TOP: Vitamin D

 

20. The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(an):
21. antioxidant.
22. peroxide.
23. free radical.
24. coenzyme.
25. enzyme.

 

ANS: a       REF: 196                                 TOP: Vitamin E

 

21. The only food group(s) providing ample amounts of vitamin C for the diet is/are the:
22. milk group.
23. protein foods group.
24. vegetable and fruit groups.
25. grains group.

 

ANS: c       REF: 196                                 TOP: Vitamin C

 

22. Vegetarians are at risk of developing a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency because:
23. their bodies cannot absorb the vitamin.
24. their diet causes increased excretion of the vitamin.
25. only animal foods contain sufficient amounts of the vitamin.
26. their diet increases the rate of use of the vitamin by their bodies.

 

ANS: c       REF: 202                                 TOP: Vitamin B₁₂

 

23. Vitamin K is best described as:
24. being responsible for energy metabolism.
25. promoting healthy epithelial tissue.
26. being involved with blood clotting.
27. enhancing calcium utilization.

 

ANS: c       REF: 204                                 TOP: Vitamin K

 

24. Which of the following people probably does not need a vitamin and mineral supplement?
25. Melanie, a 22 year old who is lactose intolerant and lives in Boston.
26. Debbie, who has been a vegan since college.
27. John, who is recovering from heart surgery.
28. Mike, who works as a roofer in Florida.

 

ANS: d       REF: 214                                 TOP: Choosing a Vitamin-Mineral Supplement

 

25. Vitamin K deficiency is most often observed in:
26. newborns.
27. children.
28. teenagers.
29. adults.
30. the elderly.

 

ANS: a       REF: 205                                 TOP: Vitamin K

 

26. Why are pharmaceutical companies less willing to fund research on plants for medicinal purposes than on man-made medicines?
27. Because there isn’t enough land to cultivate the plants in sufficient quantities.
28. Because past research has not lead to any useful medicines.
29. The statement is untrue and there is a lot of research going on.
30. Because the plants cannot be patented to allow exclusivity for any profits.

 

ANS: d       REF: 215                                 TOP: Medicinal Herbs

 

27. Preformed vitamin A:
28. is another name for carotene.
29. can be found in both animal and plant foods.
30. is found in non-fortified skim milk.
31. is made with the help of the skin, liver, and kidney.
32. is found in large amounts in the liver of animals and human beings.

 

ANS: e       REF: 198-199                          TOP: Beta-Carotene/Vitamin A

 

28. All these factors are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer except:
29. low intake of calories.
30. low intake of fruits.
31. high intake of alcohol.
32. low intake of phytochemicals.

 

ANS: a       REF: 222                                 TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

29. By the early 1800s, sailors in the British navy had been dubbed “limeys” because they were required to drink lemon or lime juice daily to prevent:
30. pellagra.
31. beriberi.
32. rickets.
33. scurvy.

 

ANS: d       REF: 190                                 TOP: Turning Back the Clock

 

30. Which of the following are the fat-soluble vitamins?
31. A, D, C, K
32. Thiamin, niacin, A, C
33. A, D, E, K
34. Pantothenic acid, B₆, A, K

 

ANS: c       REF: 191                                 TOP: The Two Classifications of Vitamins

 

31. All of the following are characteristics of vitamins except:
32. they are organic.
33. they promote growth and reproduction and maintain health.
34. they contain 0 calories per gram.
35. they must be taken in supplement form to ensure adequacy.

 

ANS: d       REF: 191                                 TOP: Turning Back the Clock

 

32. Excesses of the fat-soluble vitamins are:
33. stored in the liver and in body fat.
34. excreted in feces.
35. excreted in urine.
36. stored in the pancreas.

 

ANS: a       REF: 191                                 TOP: The Two Classifications of Vitamins

 

33. What would you recommend to someone who wants to make sure her intake is close to the RDA for all vitamins?
34. Eat a lot of fruits and vegetables.
35. Eat a variety of all foods groups daily.
36. Eat a lot of chicken and meat.
37. Eat legumes 3 times per week.

 

ANS: b       REF: 191                                 TOP: The Two Classifications of Vitamins

 

34. The thiamin deficiency disease is known as:
35. scurvy.
36. pellagra.
37. beriberi.
38. thiaminosis.

 

ANS: c       REF: 208                                 TOP: Thiamin

 

35. Milk is sold in protective cardboard or opaque plastic containers rather than in transparent glass bottles to minimize the loss of _____.
36. vitamin B₁₂
37. riboflavin
38. niacin
39. vitamin D

 

ANS: b       REF: 209                                 TOP: Riboflavin

 

36. All of the following are symptoms of pellagra except:
37. dermatitis.
38. dementia.
39. diarrhea.
40. diabetes.

 

ANS: d       REF: 209                                 TOP: Niacin

 

37. According to the Dietary Supplement Health Education Act (DSHEA), which of the following can appear on an herbal product’s label?
38. “This product will support bone health.”
39. “This product will treat migraine headaches.”
40. “This product will prevent heart disease.”
41. “This product will cure a cold.”
42. None of the above statements is permitted on a supplement’s label.

 

ANS: a       REF: 216                                 TOP: Medicinal Herbs

 

38. Which of the following vitamins has been shown to reduce LDL-cholesterol and raise HDL-cholesterol when taken in doses 10 to 15 times the RDA?
39. Vitamin A
40. Vitamin K
41. Thiamin
42. Niacin

 

ANS: d       REF: 210                                 TOP: Niacin

 

39. Which of the following substances should you look for when buying a vitamin and mineral supplement?
40. PABA
41. Hesperidin
42. Inositol
43. Bee pollen
44. None of the above

 

ANS: e       REF: 214                                 TOP: Choosing a Vitamin-Mineral Supplement

 

40. A deficiency of which vitamin may elevate a person’s risk for colon cancer and a woman’s risk for cervical cancer?
41. B₆
42. B₁₂
43. Thiamin
44. Folate

 

ANS: d       REF: 200                                 TOP: Folate

 

41. In order to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects, the FDA has mandated that folic acid be added to:
42. grain products.
43. milk and dairy foods.
44. frozen and canned vegetables.
45. ground beef.

 

ANS: a       REF: 201                                 TOP: Folate

 

42. The inability of the stomach to produce enough acid can lead to _____.
43. atrophic gastritis
44. diarrhea
45. beriberi
46. heart disease

 

ANS: a       REF: 203                                 TOP: Vitamin B₁₂

 

43. Individuals who lack intrinsic factor are at high risk for a deficiency of:
44. vitamin A.
45. vitamin D.
46. vitamin B₆.
47. vitamin B₁₂.

 

ANS: d       REF: 203                                 TOP: Vitamin B₁₂

 

44. Which of the following people most likely needs extra vitamin C?
45. Jan, a 20-year-old vegan
46. Barbara, a 12 year old who only eats chicken nuggets and fries
47. Joe, a 53-year-old man who drinks a glass of wine per day
48. Yolanda, a 15 year old who refuses to drink milk

 

ANS: b       REF: 196                                 TOP: Vitamin C

 

45. Night blindness can be caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?
46. Vitamin K
47. Vitamin A
48. Vitamin D
49. Biotin

 

ANS: b       REF: 198                                 TOP: Beta-Carotene/Vitamin A

 

46. All of the following are good sources of beta-carotene except:
47. cantaloupe.
48. carrots.
49. iceberg lettuce.
50. broccoli.

 

ANS: c       REF: 199                                 TOP: Beta-Carotene/Vitamin A

 

47. A vitamin D deficiency in children is called:
48. pellagra.
49. osteomalacia.
50. rickets.
51. scurvy.

 

ANS: c       REF: 206|207                         TOP: Vitamin D

 

48. Newborns are given a dose of which vitamin to prevent the possibility of a life-threatening hemorrhage in the case of injury?
49. A
50. K
51. D
52. C

 

ANS: b       REF: 205                                 TOP: Vitamin K

 

49. Which of the following would not be considered a “superstar fruit or vegetable”?
50. Iceberg lettuce
51. Kiwi
52. Brussels sprouts
53. Blueberries

 

ANS: a       REF: 211-212                          TOP: Phytonutrients in Foods

 

50. All of the following are thought to contribute to a higher risk for cancer except:
51. high fruit and vegetable intake.
52. high fat intake.
53. excessive alcohol intake.
54. low calcium intake.

 

ANS: a       REF: 222|223-224                  TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

51. Which of the following is not among current dietary recommendations for lowering a person’s risk of certain cancers?
52. A high-protein diet
53. A high-calcium diet
54. A low-fat diet
55. A diet rich in cruciferous vegetables
56. A diet adequate in vitamin C

 

ANS: a       REF: 223                                 TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

52. Studies lend weight to the theory that colon cancer is associated with a diet
53. high in zinc from grains.
54. high in animal protein.
55. high in vegetable fiber.
56. low in alcohol consumption.

 

ANS: b       REF: 222                                 TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

53. Phytochemicals have several different modes of action. Those with _____ protect cells from damage.
54. antioxidant properties
55. anti-estrogen properties
56. anticancer properties
57. anti-progesterone properties

 

ANS: a       REF: 213                                 TOP: Phytonutrients in Foods

 

54. Which of the following is not true about phytochemicals?
55. Some may stimulate the immune response.
56. Some may inhibit enzymes that activate carcinogens.
57. Some may protect against inflammation.
58. They are found in small amounts in all organic foods.
59. They have less protective power when ingested as concentrated extracts, such as in pills.

 

ANS: d       REF: 211|213                         TOP: Phytonutrients in Foods

 

55. Isoflavones are phytochemicals found in _____.
56. soy products
57. citrus fruits
58. pumpkin
59. tomatoes

 

ANS: a       REF: 212|213                         TOP: Phytonutrients in Foods

 

56. Lycopene, found in _____, may help reduce the risk of _____.
57. bananas; high blood pressure
58. summer squash; macular degeneration
59. tomatoes; prostate cancer
60. cruciferous vegetables; breast cancer
61. citrus fruits; skin cancer

 

ANS: c       REF: 224-225                          TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

57. Which vitamin works with vitamin C to squelch free radicals before they injure the body?
58. Vitamin D
59. Vitamin B₆
60. Vitamin E
61. Niacin

 

ANS: c       REF: 196                                 TOP: Vitamin E

 

58. Which of the following is recommended to minimize the loss of vitamins that can occur as a result of improper food handling?
59. Peel and wash fruit when you get home from the market.
60. Cook vegetables in a microwave oven in as little water as possible.
61. Store bananas, tomatoes, and potatoes in your refrigerator.
62. Eat frozen vegetables within a year of purchase.
63. All of the above are recommended.

 

ANS: b       REF: 203                                 TOP: Color Your Plate with Vitamin-Rich Foods

 

59. Which vitamins work with folate and vitamin B₁₂ to maintain blood health?
60. Vitamins C and D
61. Vitamins B₆ and K
62. Niacin and riboflavin
63. Vitamins D and E

 

ANS: b       REF: 199-200                          TOP: Vitamins for Healthy Blood (General)

 

60. Vitamin E is
61. found mostly in fruits.
62. a precursor to vitamin C.
63. a remedy for nighttime leg cramps.
64. found mostly in vegetable oils.

 

ANS: d       REF: 197                                 TOP: Vitamin E

 

61. The carotenoids are a family of phytochemicals that include all of the following except
62. beta-carotene.
63. lutein.
64. zeaxanthin.
65. anthocyanin.

 

ANS: d       REF: 224                                 TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

62. The American Institute for Cancer Research has recommended all of the following for cancer prevention except:
63. If you drink alcoholic beverages, limit consumption.
64. Eat more of a variety of fruits and vegetables each day.
65. Choose refined grains daily.
66. Limit consumption of red meats.

 

ANS: c       REF: 225                                 TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

63. Which of the following is classified as being a cancer initiator?
64. Ultraviolet light
65. Cigarettes
66. Excess alcohol
67. Lack of physical activity
68. a and b

 

ANS: e       REF: 221                                 TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

64. What are “free radicals”?
65. Chemicals in some animal foods thought to promote certain cancers.
66. Dietary supplements that reduce the risk of skin cancer.
67. Toxic compounds created in the body that may contribute to certain chronic diseases.
68. Compounds abundant in the Mediterranean diet that reduce the risk of heart disease.

 

ANS: c       REF: 194                                 TOP: The Antioxidant Vitamins (General)

 

65. High blood levels of homocysteine:
66. correlate with diets high in fruits and vegetables.
67. have no known relationship to chronic disease risk.
68. can reduce the blood’s ability to clot and increase bleeding risk.
69. tend to be associated with low blood levels of vitamin B₁₂, vitamin B₆, and folate.

 

ANS: d       REF: 201-202                          TOP: B Vitamins and Heart Disease

 

66. Why is it not necessary to pay special attention to dietary biotin or pantothenic acid?
67. They are widespread in foods
68. They are not essential nutrients
69. They each have only a single function in the body
70. They are stored in large quantities within the liver

 

ANS: a       REF: 210                                 TOP: Pantothenic Acid and Biotin

 

67. Timothy is an overweight business systems analyst who jogs for 45 minutes nearly every morning, drinks only black coffee and water, and is fond of broccoli and tofu. What should he do to reduce his cancer risk?
68. Limit his consumption of broccoli and tofu
69. Reduce his calorie intake to achieve a healthy weight
70. Switch to decaffeinated coffee or herbal tea
71. Include weight training and stretches in his fitness routine

 

ANS: b       REF: 225                                 TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

68. Choline is:
69. found only in animal foods.
70. a vitamin-like substance for which no DRI has been established.
71. a conditionally essential nutrient.
72. needed for release of energy from fats and carbohydrates.

 

ANS: c       REF: 211                                 TOP: Vitamin-Like Compounds

 

Vignette

Donna is a 22-year-old college student on the tennis team. She prides herself on staying in shape but often eats empty-calorie meals when she is in a rush. She knows that some family members have had different kinds of cancer and is curious to find out what steps, if any, she can take to prevent this from happening to her. She visits a reputable site on the Internet and gleans a lot of useful suggestions that she plans on implementing. Let’s see if she has learned as much as you already know by answering these questions.

 

69. The National Cancer Institute estimates that only about 14% of all cancers are associated with
70. genetics and related risk factors.
71. lifestyle factors.
72. environmental factors.
73. dietary factors.

 

ANS: a       REF: 220                                 TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

70. Donna’s risk of skin cancer can be minimized by consuming foods high in beta-carotene such as _____.
71. cucumbers
72. apples
73. cantaloupe
74. bananas
75. all of the above

 

ANS: c       REF: 199                                 TOP: Beta-Carotene/Vitamin A

 

71. At her sister’s summer barbeque, Donna looks over the meats on the table to decide which to choose based on the method of preparation to possibly reduce her cancer risk. Which would be her best choice?
72. Stewed turkey
73. Grilled chicken
74. Smoked turkey
75. Fried chicken
76. Cured ham

 

ANS: a       REF: 226                                 TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

72. Donna read that cruciferous vegetables may reduce the incidence of cancer at several sites. Which is not a cruciferous vegetable?
73. Broccoli
74. Green beans
75. Cauliflower
76. Cabbage

 

ANS: b       REF: 223                                 TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

73. Donna loves hot dogs and Sunday dinners at her mother’s house with a traditional cured ham. Which type of cancer is she putting herself at an especially high risk of developing?
74. Colon
75. Esophagus
76. Liver
77. Stomach

 

ANS: d       REF: 222                                 TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

 

True/False

 

1. A diet low in fat-soluble vitamins will result in a more rapid onset of deficiency symptoms than one low in water-soluble vitamins.

 

ANS: F       REF: 194                                 TOP: The Two Classifications of Vitamins

 

2. Overexposure to the sun can cause vitamin D toxicity.

 

ANS: F       REF: 208                                 TOP: Vitamin D

 

3. A characteristic of the fat-soluble vitamins is that excesses are stored in the liver and fatty tissues.

 

ANS: T       REF: 194                                 TOP: The Two Classifications of Vitamins

 

4. Some of the vitamins serve as sources of energy.

 

ANS: F       REF: 191                                 TOP: Turning Back the Clock

 

5. The human body is unable to synthesize most vitamins.

 

ANS: T       REF: 190-191                          TOP: Turning Back the Clock

 

6. Vitamin supplements can help reduce stress, decrease fatigue, and increase energy.

 

ANS: F       REF: 214                                 TOP: Choosing a Vitamin-Mineral Supplement

 

7. Vitamin A is water soluble and found in the non-fat part of the milk.

 

ANS: F       REF: 199                                 TOP: Beta-Carotene/Vitamin A

 

8. Evidence supports a role for vitamin K in the maintenance of healthy bones.

 

ANS: T       REF: 208                                 TOP: Vitamin K

 

9. With exposure to sunlight, vitamin D can be made by humans.

 

ANS: T       REF: 206                                 TOP: Vitamin D

 

10. Beta-carotene is a precursor to vitamin A found in many animal sources.

 

ANS: F       REF: 198-199                          TOP: Beta-Carotene/Vitamin A

 

11. The primary function of vitamin D is the regulation of the use of calcium and phosphorus within the body.

 

ANS: T       REF: 206                                 TOP: Vitamin D

 

12. Low vitamin K blood levels are associated with a higher risk of hip fractures in older women.

 

ANS: T       REF: 208                                 TOP: Vitamin K

 

13. Vitamin B₁₂ is most likely to be found in the meat eater’s diet.

 

ANS: T       REF: 202                                 TOP: Vitamin B₁₂

 

14. Herbal supplements are unregulated and possibly unsafe.

 

ANS: T       REF: 215-216                          TOP: Medicinal Herbs

 

15. Folate is found only in animal products.

 

ANS: F       REF: 201                                 TOP: Folate

 

16. Vitamin C tablet overdoses are one of the top causes of accidental death in youngsters.

 

ANS: F       REF: 214                                 TOP: Choosing a Vitamin-Mineral Supplement

 

17. The formation of collagen requires vitamin C.

 

ANS: T       REF: 195                                 TOP: Vitamin C

 

18. Vegetables in the cruciferous family include carrots, sweet potatoes, and spinach.

 

ANS: F       REF: 223                                 TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

19. The National Cancer Institute estimates that most cancers are caused by a person’s genetics.

 

ANS: F       REF: 220                                 TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

20. Many cancers take up to 20 years to develop.

 

ANS: T       REF: 220                                 TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

21. Taken regularly, vitamin supplements will help reduce stress and decrease fatigue.

 

ANS: F       REF: 214                                 TOP: Choosing a Vitamin-Mineral Supplement

 

22. Human population studies overwhelmingly confirm the association between breast cancer and dietary fat intake.

 

ANS: F       REF: 223                                 TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

23. Macular degeneration might be delayed if the diet contains carotenoids.

 

ANS: T       REF: 198                                 TOP: Beta-Carotene/Vitamin A

 

24. Phytochemicals in supplements are superior to the phytochemicals found in foods.

 

ANS: F       REF: 213                                 TOP: Phytonutrients in Foods

 

 

Matching

 

Match the term with the short phrase or description that best matches it.

 

1. the vitamin C deficiency disease.
2. a disease that occurs in children as a result of vitamin D deficiency and that is characterized by abnormal growth of bone.
3. slow recovery of vision following flashes of bright light at night.
4. a compound made in the stomach that is necessary for the body’s absorption of vitamin B₁₂.
5. niacin deficiency characterized by diarrhea, inflammation of the skin, and, in severe cases, mental disorders and death.
6. the thiamin deficiency disease.
7. a vitamin K deficiency can lead to this.
8. malformations of the brain and/or spinal cord during embryonic development.
9. an age-related condition characterized by the stomach’s inability to produce enough acid.
10. the disease resulting from vitamin D deficiency in adults and characterized by softening of the bones.
11. oxidative damage to the central portion of the eye that allows you to focus and see details clearly.

 

1. atrophic gastritis
2. beriberi
3. neural tube defects
4. osteomalacia
5. pellagra
6. hemorrhaging
7. intrinsic factor
8. macular degeneration
9. night blindness
10. rickets
11. scurvy

 

1. ANS: i REF: 203                                 TOP: Vitamin B₁₂
2. ANS: f REF: 208                                 TOP: Thiamin
3. ANS: h REF: 200                                 TOP: Folate
4. ANS: j REF: 208                                 TOP: Vitamin D
5. ANS: e REF: 190|209                         TOP: Turning Back the Clock | Niacin
6. ANS: g REF: 205                                 TOP: Vitamin K
7. ANS: d REF: 203                                 TOP: Vitamin B₁₂
8. ANS: k REF: 198                                 TOP: Beta-Carotene/Vitamin A
9. ANS: c REF: 198                                 TOP: Beta-Carotene/Vitamin A
10. ANS: b REF: 190|207 TOP: Turning Back the Clock | Vitamin D
11. ANS: a REF: 190 TOP: Turning Back the Clock

 

 

 

Essay

 

1. Discuss the loss of vitamins in the handling and cooking of foods.

 

ANS: See p. 203                                        TOP: Color Your Plate with Vitamin-Rich Foods

 

2. List ways to incorporate phytochemicals into your daily eating plan.

 

ANS: See p. 211-213                                 TOP: Phytonutrients in Foods

 

3. Compare and contrast the water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins.

 

ANS: See p. 191-194                                 TOP: The Two Classifications of Vitamins

 

4. List the antioxidant nutrients, state food sources for these nutrients, and describe the health roles attributed to these nutrients in the body.

 

ANS: See p. 194-199                                 TOP: The Antioxidant Vitamins (General)

 

5. Plan a day’s food intake that has at least 5 serving equivalents of fruits and vegetables, and that you would consider adopting.

 

ANS: See p. 203                                        TOP: Color Your Plate with Vitamin-Rich Foods

 

6. Discuss the history of scurvy and how a cure was discovered.

 

ANS: See p. 190                                        TOP: Turning Back the Clock

 

7. A diet high in fruits and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of which types of cancer?

 

ANS: See p. 222|223-224                         TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

8. What information regarding diet and disease has been provided by studies on the diets of Seventh-Day Adventists?

 

ANS: See p. 222                                        TOP: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

 

9. Vitamin E is one of the most popular vitamin supplements. Name 4 claims often made for this vitamin, and discuss the evidence regarding the effects of taking vitamin E supplements.

 

ANS: See p. 196-197                                 TOP: Vitamin E

 

10. Which fruits and vegetables are considered “superstars” and why?

 

ANS: See p. 211-213                                 TOP: Phytonutrients in Foods

 

 

Personal Nutrition 8e Chapter 7 Test

 

Multiple Choice

 

1. When a water-soluble vitamin is consumed in excess of body needs, the excess is usually:
2. not absorbed.
3. excreted in the urine.
4. stored in the liver, bone, and adipose tissue.
5. excreted in the breath.

 

2. When consumed in adequate amounts before and early in pregnancy, folate may prevent cases of:
3. neural tube defects in newborns.
4. rickets in infants.
5. scurvy.
6. morning sickness.

 

3. Thiamin is involved in:
4. formation of red blood cells.
5. blood coagulation.
6. collagen formation.
7. energy release from energy nutrients.
8. formation of mucopolysaccharides.

 

4. The vitamin most intensively involved in protein metabolism is:
5. riboflavin.
6. vitamin B₆.
7. biotin.
8. vitamin A.
9. vitamin E.

 

5. Which vitamin is synthesized in the intestine by bacteria?
6. Vitamin A
7. Vitamin C
8. Vitamin D
9. Vitamin K
10. Niacin

 

6. The replacement of red blood cells depends most heavily on:
7. thiamin.
8. riboflavin.
9. niacin.
10. folate.
11. vitamin B₆.

 

7. B vitamins:
8. are fat soluble.
9. become part of coenzymes.
10. are stored in adipose tissue.
11. are absorbed into lymph.

 

8. When the diet contains an adequate amount of protein, the body can synthesize niacin from the amino acid:
9. lysine.
10. tryptophan.
11. phenylalanine.
12. valine.
13. tyrosine.

 

9. Riboflavin is destroyed by:
10. heat.
11. acid.
12. ultraviolet light.
13. alkali.

 

10. A general function of vitamin C is its action as an:
11. antioxidant.
12. antiviral agent.
13. anti-cancer agent.
14. anti-anxiety agent.

 

11. The vitamin needed for regulation of calcium metabolism is:
12. vitamin A.
13. vitamin C.
14. vitamin E.
15. vitamin D.

 

12. It is established that vitamin C functions:
13. as a coenzyme in the formation of red blood cells.
14. in collagen formation.
15. with calcium in blood coagulation.
16. in release of energy from nutrients.

 

13. Vitamin A toxicity is most likely to occur from:
14. consuming too many dark green and deep orange vegetables.
15. eating liver more than once a week.
16. consuming high-dosage vitamin A supplements.
17. drinking too much milk.

 

14. The main function of vitamin D is:
15. maintaining stability of cell membranes.
16. antioxidant protection.
17. synthesis of cholesterol.
18. bone mineralization.

 

15. The effects of a deficiency of vitamin D are most readily observed in the:
16. nervous system.
17. skeletal system.
18. muscular system.
19. epithelial tissue.

 

16. The vitamin D deficiency disease in adults is called:
17. rickets.
18. keratomalacia.
19. hyperkeratosis.
20. osteomalacia.

 

17. Which of the following foods are good sources of vitamin A?
18. enriched bread 5.   sweet potatoes
19. legumes 6.   Idaho potatoes
20. carrots 7.   liver
21. pears 8.   spinach
22. 1, 3, 4, 6
23. 1, 3, 5, 7
24. 2, 4, 6, 8
25. 3, 5, 7, 8
26. 1, 6, 7, 8

 

18. Which herb is mismatched with its purported use?
19. Black cohash – reduces symptoms of menopause
20. Ginger – settles an upset stomach
21. Psyllium – improves memory
22. Feverfew – reduces severity of migraines

 

19. The most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet is:
20. meat.
21. fruits and vegetables.
22. fortified milk.
23. enriched breads and cereals.

 

20. The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(an):
21. antioxidant.
22. peroxide.
23. free radical.
24. coenzyme.
25. enzyme.

 

21. The only food group(s) providing ample amounts of vitamin C for the diet is/are the:
22. milk group.
23. protein foods group.
24. vegetable and fruit groups.
25. grains group.

 

22. Vegetarians are at risk of developing a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency because:
23. their bodies cannot absorb the vitamin.
24. their diet causes increased excretion of the vitamin.
25. only animal foods contain sufficient amounts of the vitamin.
26. their diet increases the rate of use of the vitamin by their bodies.

 

23. Vitamin K is best described as:
24. being responsible for energy metabolism.
25. promoting healthy epithelial tissue.
26. being involved with blood clotting.
27. enhancing calcium utilization.

 

24. Which of the following people probably does not need a vitamin and mineral supplement?
25. Melanie, a 22 year old who is lactose intolerant and lives in Boston.
26. Debbie, who has been a vegan since college.
27. John, who is recovering from heart surgery.
28. Mike, who works as a roofer in Florida.

 

25. Vitamin K deficiency is most often observed in:
26. newborns.
27. children.
28. teenagers.
29. adults.
30. the elderly.

 

26. Why are pharmaceutical companies less willing to fund research on plants for medicinal purposes than on man-made medicines?
27. Because there isn’t enough land to cultivate the plants in sufficient quantities.
28. Because past research has not lead to any useful medicines.
29. The statement is untrue and there is a lot of research going on.
30. Because the plants cannot be patented to allow exclusivity for any profits.

 

27. Preformed vitamin A:
28. is another name for carotene.
29. can be found in both animal and plant foods.
30. is found in non-fortified skim milk.
31. is made with the help of the skin, liver, and kidney.
32. is found in large amounts in the liver of animals and human beings.

 

28. All these factors are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer except:
29. low intake of calories.
30. low intake of fruits.
31. high intake of alcohol.
32. low intake of phytochemicals.

 

29. By the early 1800s, sailors in the British navy had been dubbed “limeys” because they were required to drink lemon or lime juice daily to prevent:
30. pellagra.
31. beriberi.
32. rickets.
33. scurvy.

 

30. Which of the following are the fat-soluble vitamins?
31. A, D, C, K
32. Thiamin, niacin, A, C
33. A, D, E, K
34. Pantothenic acid, B₆, A, K

 

31. All of the following are characteristics of vitamins except:
32. they are organic.
33. they promote growth and reproduction and maintain health.
34. they contain 0 calories per gram.
35. they must be taken in supplement form to ensure adequacy.

 

32. Excesses of the fat-soluble vitamins are:
33. stored in the liver and in body fat.
34. excreted in feces.
35. excreted in urine.
36. stored in the pancreas.

 

33. What would you recommend to someone who wants to make sure her intake is close to the RDA for all vitamins?
34. Eat a lot of fruits and vegetables.
35. Eat a variety of all foods groups daily.
36. Eat a lot of chicken and meat.
37. Eat legumes 3 times per week.

 

34. The thiamin deficiency disease is known as:
35. scurvy.
36. pellagra.
37. beriberi.
38. thiaminosis.

 

35. Milk is sold in protective cardboard or opaque plastic containers rather than in transparent glass bottles to minimize the loss of _____.
36. vitamin B₁₂
37. riboflavin
38. niacin
39. vitamin D

 

36. All of the following are symptoms of pellagra except:
37. dermatitis.
38. dementia.
39. diarrhea.
40. diabetes.

 

37. According to the Dietary Supplement Health Education Act (DSHEA), which of the following can appear on an herbal product’s label?
38. “This product will support bone health.”
39. “This product will treat migraine headaches.”
40. “This product will prevent heart disease.”
41. “This product will cure a cold.”
42. None of the above statements is permitted on a supplement’s label.

 

38. Which of the following vitamins has been shown to reduce LDL-cholesterol and raise HDL-cholesterol when taken in doses 10 to 15 times the RDA?
39. Vitamin A
40. Vitamin K
41. Thiamin
42. Niacin

 

39. Which of the following substances should you look for when buying a vitamin and mineral supplement?
40. PABA
41. Hesperidin
42. Inositol
43. Bee pollen
44. None of the above

 

40. A deficiency of which vitamin may elevate a person’s risk for colon cancer and a woman’s risk for cervical cancer?
41. B₆
42. B₁₂
43. Thiamin
44. Folate

 

41. In order to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects, the FDA has mandated that folic acid be added to:
42. grain products.
43. milk and dairy foods.
44. frozen and canned vegetables.
45. ground beef.

 

42. The inability of the stomach to produce enough acid can lead to _____.
43. atrophic gastritis
44. diarrhea
45. beriberi
46. heart disease

 

43. Individuals who lack intrinsic factor are at high risk for a deficiency of:
44. vitamin A.
45. vitamin D.
46. vitamin B₆.
47. vitamin B₁₂.

 

44. Which of the following people most likely needs extra vitamin C?
45. Jan, a 20-year-old vegan
46. Barbara, a 12 year old who only eats chicken nuggets and fries
47. Joe, a 53-year-old man who drinks a glass of wine per day
48. Yolanda, a 15 year old who refuses to drink milk

 

45. Night blindness can be caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?
46. Vitamin K
47. Vitamin A
48. Vitamin D
49. Biotin

 

46. All of the following are good sources of beta-carotene except:
47. cantaloupe.
48. carrots.
49. iceberg lettuce.
50. broccoli.

 

47. A vitamin D deficiency in children is called:
48. pellagra.
49. osteomalacia.
50. rickets.
51. scurvy.

 

48. Newborns are given a dose of which vitamin to prevent the possibility of a life-threatening hemorrhage in the case of injury?
49. A
50. K
51. D
52. C

 

49. Which of the following would not be considered a “superstar fruit or vegetable”?
50. Iceberg lettuce
51. Kiwi
52. Brussels sprouts
53. Blueberries

 

50. All of the following are thought to contribute to a higher risk for cancer except:
51. high fruit and vegetable intake.
52. high fat intake.
53. excessive alcohol intake.
54. low calcium intake.

 

51. Which of the following is not among current dietary recommendations for lowering a person’s risk of certain cancers?
52. A high-protein diet
53. A high-calcium diet
54. A low-fat diet
55. A diet rich in cruciferous vegetables
56. A diet adequate in vitamin C

 

52. Studies lend weight to the theory that colon cancer is associated with a diet
53. high in zinc from grains.
54. high in animal protein.
55. high in vegetable fiber.
56. low in alcohol consumption.

 

53. Phytochemicals have several different modes of action. Those with _____ protect cells from damage.
54. antioxidant properties
55. anti-estrogen properties
56. anticancer properties
57. anti-progesterone properties

 

54. Which of the following is not true about phytochemicals?
55. Some may stimulate the immune response.
56. Some may inhibit enzymes that activate carcinogens.
57. Some may protect against inflammation.
58. They are found in small amounts in all organic foods.
59. They have less protective power when ingested as concentrated extracts, such as in pills.

 

55. Isoflavones are phytochemicals found in _____.
56. soy products
57. citrus fruits
58. pumpkin
59. tomatoes

 

56. Lycopene, found in _____, may help reduce the risk of _____.
57. bananas; high blood pressure
58. summer squash; macular degeneration
59. tomatoes; prostate cancer
60. cruciferous vegetables; breast cancer
61. citrus fruits; skin cancer

 

57. Which vitamin works with vitamin C to squelch free radicals before they injure the body?
58. Vitamin D
59. Vitamin B₆
60. Vitamin E
61. Niacin

 

58. Which of the following is recommended to minimize the loss of vitamins that can occur as a result of improper food handling?
59. Peel and wash fruit when you get home from the market.
60. Cook vegetables in a microwave oven in as little water as possible.
61. Store bananas, tomatoes, and potatoes in your refrigerator.
62. Eat frozen vegetables within a year of purchase.
63. All of the above are recommended.

 

59. Which vitamins work with folate and vitamin B₁₂ to maintain blood health?
60. Vitamins C and D
61. Vitamins B₆ and K
62. Niacin and riboflavin
63. Vitamins D and E

 

60. Vitamin E is
61. found mostly in fruits.
62. a precursor to vitamin C.
63. a remedy for nighttime leg cramps.
64. found mostly in vegetable oils.

 

61. The carotenoids are a family of phytochemicals that include all of the following except
62. beta-carotene.
63. lutein.
64. zeaxanthin.
65. anthocyanin.

 

62. The American Institute for Cancer Research has recommended all of the following for cancer prevention except:
63. If you drink alcoholic beverages, limit consumption.
64. Eat more of a variety of fruits and vegetables each day.
65. Choose refined grains daily.
66. Limit consumption of red meats.

 

63. Which of the following is classified as being a cancer initiator?
64. Ultraviolet light
65. Cigarettes
66. Excess alcohol
67. Lack of physical activity
68. a and b

 

64. What are “free radicals”?
65. Chemicals in some animal foods thought to promote certain cancers.
66. Dietary supplements that reduce the risk of skin cancer.
67. Toxic compounds created in the body that may contribute to certain chronic diseases.
68. Compounds abundant in the Mediterranean diet that reduce the risk of heart disease.

 

65. High blood levels of homocysteine:
66. correlate with diets high in fruits and vegetables.
67. have no known relationship to chronic disease risk.
68. can reduce the blood’s ability to clot and increase bleeding risk.
69. tend to be associated with low blood levels of vitamin B₁₂, vitamin B₆, and folate.

 

66. Why is it not necessary to pay special attention to dietary biotin or pantothenic acid?
67. They are widespread in foods
68. They are not essential nutrients
69. They each have only a single function in the body
70. They are stored in large quantities within the liver

 

67. Timothy is an overweight business systems analyst who jogs for 45 minutes nearly every morning, drinks only black coffee and water, and is fond of broccoli and tofu. What should he do to reduce his cancer risk?
68. Limit his consumption of broccoli and tofu
69. Reduce his calorie intake to achieve a healthy weight
70. Switch to decaffeinated coffee or herbal tea
71. Include weight training and stretches in his fitness routine

 

68. Choline is:
69. found only in animal foods.
70. a vitamin-like substance for which no DRI has been established.
71. a conditionally essential nutrient.
72. needed for release of energy from fats and carbohydrates.

 

Vignette

Donna is a 22-year-old college student on the tennis team. She prides herself on staying in shape but often eats empty-calorie meals when she is in a rush. She knows that some family members have had different kinds of cancer and is curious to find out what steps, if any, she can take to prevent this from happening to her. She visits a reputable site on the Internet and gleans a lot of useful suggestions that she plans on implementing. Let’s see if she has learned as much as you already know by answering these questions.

 

69. The National Cancer Institute estimates that only about 14% of all cancers are associated with
70. genetics and related risk factors.
71. lifestyle factors.
72. environmental factors.
73. dietary factors.

 

70. Donna’s risk of skin cancer can be minimized by consuming foods high in beta-carotene such as _____.
71. cucumbers
72. apples
73. cantaloupe
74. bananas
75. all of the above

 

71. At her sister’s summer barbeque, Donna looks over the meats on the table to decide which to choose based on the method of preparation to possibly reduce her cancer risk. Which would be her best choice?
72. Stewed turkey
73. Grilled chicken
74. Smoked turkey
75. Fried chicken
76. Cured ham

 

72. Donna read that cruciferous vegetables may reduce the incidence of cancer at several sites. Which is not a cruciferous vegetable?
73. Broccoli
74. Green beans
75. Cauliflower
76. Cabbage

 

73. Donna loves hot dogs and Sunday dinners at her mother’s house with a traditional cured ham. Which type of cancer is she putting herself at an especially high risk of developing?
74. Colon
75. Esophagus
76. Liver
77. Stomach

 

 

True/False

 

1. A diet low in fat-soluble vitamins will result in a more rapid onset of deficiency symptoms than one low in water-soluble vitamins.

 

2. Overexposure to the sun can cause vitamin D toxicity.

 

3. A characteristic of the fat-soluble vitamins is that excesses are stored in the liver and fatty tissues.

 

4. Some of the vitamins serve as sources of energy.

 

5. The human body is unable to synthesize most vitamins.

 

6. Vitamin supplements can help reduce stress, decrease fatigue, and increase energy.

 

7. Vitamin A is water soluble and found in the non-fat part of the milk.

 

8. Evidence supports a role for vitamin K in the maintenance of healthy bones.

 

9. With exposure to sunlight, vitamin D can be made by humans.

 

10. Beta-carotene is a precursor to vitamin A found in many animal sources.

 

11. The primary function of vitamin D is the regulation of the use of calcium and phosphorus within the body.

 

12. Low vitamin K blood levels are associated with a higher risk of hip fractures in older women.

 

13. Vitamin B₁₂ is most likely to be found in the meat eater’s diet.

 

14. Herbal supplements are unregulated and possibly unsafe.

 

15. Folate is found only in animal products.

 

16. Vitamin C tablet overdoses are one of the top causes of accidental death in youngsters.

 

17. The formation of collagen requires vitamin C.

 

18. Vegetables in the cruciferous family include carrots, sweet potatoes, and spinach.

 

19. The National Cancer Institute estimates that most cancers are caused by a person’s genetics.

 

20. Many cancers take up to 20 years to develop.

 

21. Taken regularly, vitamin supplements will help reduce stress and decrease fatigue.

 

22. Human population studies overwhelmingly confirm the association between breast cancer and dietary fat intake.

 

23. Macular degeneration might be delayed if the diet contains carotenoids.

 

24. Phytochemicals in supplements are superior to the phytochemicals found in foods.

 

 

Matching

 

Match the term with the short phrase or description that best matches it.

 

1. the vitamin C deficiency disease.
2. a disease that occurs in children as a result of vitamin D deficiency and that is characterized by abnormal growth of bone.
3. slow recovery of vision following flashes of bright light at night.
4. a compound made in the stomach that is necessary for the body’s absorption of vitamin B₁₂.
5. niacin deficiency characterized by diarrhea, inflammation of the skin, and, in severe cases, mental disorders and death.
6. the thiamin deficiency disease.
7. a vitamin K deficiency can lead to this.
8. malformations of the brain and/or spinal cord during embryonic development.
9. an age-related condition characterized by the stomach’s inability to produce enough acid.
10. the disease resulting from vitamin D deficiency in adults and characterized by softening of the bones.
11. oxidative damage to the central portion of the eye that allows you to focus and see details clearly.

 

1. atrophic gastritis
2. beriberi
3. neural tube defects
4. osteomalacia
5. pellagra
6. hemorrhaging
7. intrinsic factor
8. macular degeneration
9. night blindness
10. rickets
11. scurvy

 

 

Essay

 

1. Discuss the loss of vitamins in the handling and cooking of foods.

 

2. List ways to incorporate phytochemicals into your daily eating plan.

 

3. Compare and contrast the water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins.

 

4. List the antioxidant nutrients, state food sources for these nutrients, and describe the health roles attributed to these nutrients in the body.

 

5. Plan a day’s food intake that has at least 5 serving equivalents of fruits and vegetables, and that you would consider adopting.

 

6. Discuss the history of scurvy and how a cure was discovered.

 

7. A diet high in fruits and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of which types of cancer?

 

8. What information regarding diet and disease has been provided by studies on the diets of Seventh-Day Adventists?

 

9. Vitamin E is one of the most popular vitamin supplements. Name 4 claims often made for this vitamin, and discuss the evidence regarding the effects of taking vitamin E supplements.

 

10. Which fruits and vegetables are considered “superstars” and why?

 

 

[1] by Judy Kaufman of Monroe Community College; revised by Tania Rivera of Florida International University. A ready-to-print blank test containing the same questions is included at the end of this document.