Pharmacology for the Surgical Technologist 3rd Edition By Katherine C. Snyder – Test Bank

 

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Snyder & Keegan: Pharmacology for the Surgical Technologist, 3rd Edition

 

Chapter 05: Antibiotics

 

Test Bank

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Disease-causing microorganisms are called:

a.	Broad spectrum
b.	Bacteriostatic
c.	Pathogens
d.	Ototoxic

 

 

ANS:   C

The definition of pathogens is disease-causing microorganisms.

 

DIF:    1          REF:    81

 

2. A series of tests used to identify disease-causing microorganisms and to determine their susceptibility to various antibiotics is called:

a.	Hemoglobin and hematocrit
b.	Culture and sensitivity
c.	Antibiotic resistance
d.	Gram stain

 

 

ANS:   B

Culture and sensitivity testing is the process of growing microbes in culture to determine the infecting microorganism and its exposure to various antibiotics to determine which agent would best inhibit its growth.

 

DIF:    1          REF:    83

 

3. Antibiotics are natural chemicals called metabolites, which are produced by:

a.	Fungi and bacteria
b.	Viruses and parasites
c.	Human cells
d.	Sulfa drugs

 

 

ANS:   A

The definition of antibiotics is natural chemicals, or metabolites, which include fungi and bacteria.

 

DIF:    1          REF:    82

 

4. Prophylactic antibiotics are prescribed to:

a.	Treat surgical site infections (SSIs)
b.	Prevent infections
c.	Identify pathogens
d.	Produce chemicals in the body

 

 

ANS:   B

Prophylactic antibiotics are administered before an SSI occurs as a preventive measure.

 

DIF:    2          REF:    82

 

5. Endogenous infection occurs from:

a.	Outside the patient’s body
b.	The patient’s own bacteria
c.	A tear in the surgeon’s glove
d.	Contaminated surgical supplies

 

 

ANS:   B

Endogenous infections come from the patient’s own bacteria; examples include microorganisms on the patient’s skin being carried into a surgical wound.

 

DIF:    3          REF:    82

 

6. Bacteria classified as eukaryotes can be defined as:

a.	Having an early or pre nucleus
b.	Having smaller ribosomes than prokaryotes
c.	Being found in multicellular organisms
d.	Having a plasma membrane, whereas prokaryotes do not

 

 

ANS:   C

Eukaryotes have a true nucleus and are found in multicellular organisms.

 

DIF:    2          REF:    84

 

7. Which one of the following is not a mechanism by which antimicrobial agents may work against pathogenic microorganisms?

a.	Inhibits cell-wall synthesis
b.	Alters cell-wall membrane
c.	Interferes with cell metabolism
d.	Interferes with reabsorption of sodium

 

 

ANS:   D

Diuretics, not antimicrobial agents, interfere with the reabsorption of sodium in the body.

 

DIF:    2          REF:    85

 

8. When a microorganism’s DNA sequence is altered to prevent destruction by an agent, the microorganism is said to have developed a(an):

a.	Antibiotic resistance
b.	Broad-spectrum coverage
c.	Plasma membrane
d.	Bacteriostatic effect

 

 

ANS:   A

Bacteria obtain antibiotic resistance by mutation or changes in the DNA sequence of the microorganism.

 

DIF:    2          REF:    85

 

9. Among the most common causative agents of SSI are bacteria known as:

a.	Bacillus subtilis
b.	Streptococcus pneumoniae
c.	Staphylococcus epidermidis
d.	Staphylococcus aureus

 

 

ANS:   D

Staphylococcus aureus, normally present on the patient’s skin, may be carried into the surgical wound and is considered among the most common causative agents for SSIs.

 

DIF:    1          REF:    83

 

10. All of the following are working theories for the development of resistant pathogens except:

a.	Prescribing limited-spectrum antibiotics
b.	Prescribing antibiotics for viral infection
c.	Frequent exposure of normal host bacteria to antibiotics
d.	Patient noncompliance with physician’s orders (e.g., dose, frequency)

 

 

ANS:   A

Prescribing limited-spectrum antibiotics to target specific pathogenic infections does not contribute to resistance.

 

DIF:    2          REF:    87; 95

 

11. Preoperative and intraoperative antibiotics may be administered by any one of the following methods except:

a.	Orally
b.	Intravenously
c.	Topically to the incision
d.	In irrigation solutions

 

 

ANS:   A

Surgical patients usually do not eat or drink anything by mouth (PO or orally) for a specific period before surgery or during surgery because of the risk of aspiration with the administration of general anesthesia.

 

DIF:    3          REF:    87

 

12. An antimicrobial agent used to inhibit bacterial growth is called:

a.	Bactericidal
b.	Bacteriogenic
c.	Bacteriophagic
d.	Bacteriostatic

 

 

ANS:   D

The definition of bacteriostatic is an agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria.

 

DIF:    1          REF:    85

 

13. Which category of antibiotics is known to be ototoxic and nephrotoxic?

a.	Cephalosporins
b.	Macrolides
c.	Aminoglycosides
d.	Penicillins

 

 

ANS:   C

Aminoglycosides interfere with protein synthesis of the pathogen, are bactericidal, and are relatively narrow-spectrum agents. Among the major adverse effects are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

 

DIF:    1          REF:    87

 

14. Which one of the following antibiotics is available only in topical form because it is too toxic for systemic use?

a.	Neomycin
b.	Tobramycin
c.	Kanamycin
d.	Streptomycin

 

 

ANS:   A

Neomycin is very toxic when used systemically (i.e., as when given intravenously); therefore it is used topically (as in an ointment).

 

DIF:    1          REF:    88

 

15. Which one of the following major groups of antibiotics is classified into five generations on the basis of the spectrum of its activity?

a.	Cephalosporins
b.	Macrolides
c.	Tetracyclines
d.	Penicillins

 

 

ANS:   A

Cephalosporins are classified into five generations based on different ranges of activity. Each newer generation requires doses being required less frequently.

 

DIF:    1          REF:    88

 

16. Erythromycin belongs to which group of antibiotics?

a.	Cephalosporins
b.	Macrolides
c.	Aminoglycosides
d.	Penicillins

 

 

ANS:   B

Macrolides are a group of broad-spectrum agents that include erythromycin.

 

DIF:    1          REF:    88

 

17. Who discovered penicillin?

a.	Edward Jenner
b.	Louis Pasteur
c.	Robert Koch
d.	Alexander Fleming

 

 

ANS:   D

Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while working on the development of vaccines.

 

DIF:    1          REF:    90

 

18. Which one of the following combination agents contains an antibiotic, an anti-inflammatory, and must be shaken before using?

a.	Coly-mycin S Otic
b.	Neosporin GU Irrigant
c.	Cortisporin Suspension Otic
d.	Bacitracin with polymyxin B

 

 

ANS:   C

Cortisporin Suspension Otic is an antibiotic with an anti-inflammatory agent. It is in suspension, which means it must be shaken before using to distribute the drug particles evenly.

 

DIF:    2          REF:    94

 

MATCHING

 

Match the following medications with the correct categories:

a.	Amikacin (Amikin)
b.	Cefazolin (Ancef)
c.	Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
d.	Methicillin (Staphcillin)
e.	Ampicillin (Omnipen)
f.	Piperacillin (Pipracil)
g.	Minocycline (Minocin)
h.	Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)

 

 

1. First-generation cephalosporins

 

2. Third-generation cephalosporins

 

3. Aminoglycoside

 

4. Aminopenicillin

 

5. Broad-spectrum penicillin

 

6. Penicillinase-resistant penicillin

 

7. Sulfonamide

 

8. Tetracycline

 

1. ANS: B DIF:    1          REF:    89

 

2. ANS: C DIF:    1          REF:    89

 

3. ANS: A DIF:    1          REF:    88

 

4. ANS: E DIF:    1          REF:    92

 

5. ANS: F DIF:    1          REF:    92

 

6. ANS: D DIF:    1          REF:    86

 

7. ANS: H DIF:    1          REF:    93

 

8. ANS: G DIF:    1          REF:    93

 

Match the following terms with their correct definitions.

a.	Antibiotic resistance
b.	Bactericidal
c.	Bacteriostatic
d.	Endogenous
e.	Eukaryotes
f.	Exogenous
g.	Morphology
h.	Polymicrobial infection
i.	Prokaryotes
j.	Selective toxicity

 

 

9. Characteristic of antibiotics in which the agent is toxic to the infecting microorganism without harming the host

 

10. Characteristic of some strains of pathogenic microorganisms able to prevent or overcome the activity of antibiotic agents

 

11. Destructive to bacteria

 

12. Infection caused by more than one microorganism

 

13. Inhibiting the growth of bacteria

 

14. Multicellular organisms

 

15. Single-celled organisms

 

16. Source from outside the patient

 

17. Source from inside the patient

 

18. Study of shapes

 

9. ANS: J DIF:    1          REF:    83

 

10. ANS: A DIF:    1          REF:    85

 

11. ANS: B DIF:    1          REF:    85

 

12. ANS: H DIF:    1          REF:    93

 

13. ANS: C DIF:    1          REF:    85

 

14. ANS: E DIF:    1          REF:    84

 

15. ANS: I DIF:    1          REF:    84

 

16. ANS: F DIF:    1          REF:    83

 

17. ANS: D DIF:    1          REF:    82

 

18. ANS: G DIF:    1          REF:    83