Research Design Explained International Edition 8th Edition by Mark L. Mitchell – Test Bank

 

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

CHAPTER 1

 

 

1. Psychology and biology are both share the scientific assumption that
2. our physical needs are the root of all behavior.

*          b. behavior follows general rules.

1. creativity is best left to artists.
2. unconventional ideas should be rejected.

 

2. Which statement is a scientist most likely to make
3. “Stop being so skeptical!”
4. “You’re too open-minded!”
5. “Never speculate!”

*          d. “Make statements that can be disproven!”

 

3. Untestable statements are:

*          a. vague

1. wrong
2. counterintuitive
3. useful

 

4. Testable statements

*          a. may be disproven

1. are correct
2. are intuitive
3. are made “after-the-fact”

 

5. Which statement is most representative of a reason that a scientist would reject a claim:
6. “It just doesn’t make sense!”
7. “That’s not what the experts say!”

*          c. “That goes against the objective evidence!”

1. “If that were true, it would be kept secret!”

 

6. Testable statements tend to include
7. operational definitions
8. specific predictions
9. neither a nor b

*           d. both a and b

 

7. Which term/phrase in this list does NOT belong with the others?
8. operational definition
9. prediction
10. scientific

*          d. untestable

 

8. When you define “intelligence” as a score on an IQ test, you are
9. being vague
10. being skeptical

*          c. offering an operational definition

1. being open-minded

 

9. If you define happiness as a person’s response to the question, “On a 1 (not at all) to 5(extremely) scale, how satisfied are you with your life?,” you are

*          a. using an operational definition

1. using an after-the-fact explanation
2. making a testable statement
3. being a vague statement

 

10. If human behavior follows general rules, which of the following statements is most likely to be true?
11. Psychologists will be able to predict human behavior perfectly
12. Psychologists will be able to completely control individual

behavior.

1. Everyone will behave the same.

*          d. Psychologists will find general rules of human behavior.

 

11. When psychologists repeat another’s study, they are very likely to get the same pattern of results. The fact that psychologists are just as likely as physicists to get the same pattern of results is testimony to psychologists’
12. skepticism

*          b. objectivity

1. creativity
2. open-mindedness

 

12. Which statement best reflects the role of speculation in science?
13. Speculation has no place in the scientific method.

*            b.    Speculation is often the starting point for useful hypotheses.

1. Speculation always leads to questionable conclusions.
2. Science is little more than well reasoned speculation.

 

13. From a scientific viewpoint, the statement “The soul and the brain are the same thing” is
    1. falsifiable
    2. vague
    3. untrue

*            d.    untestable

 

14. Margaret loves being a kindergarten teacher. Her father claims that Margaret is good with children because she grew up with several younger siblings.
    1. Her father’s statement provides scientific evidence for why Margaret loves teaching.
    2. Her father’s statement is untestable because it is an after-the-fact explanation.
    3. Her father’s statement is unscientific because it is untestable.

*            d.    both b and c

 

15. The statement, “ESP is impossible” demonstrates
    1. a lack of skepticism

*            b.    a failure to be open minded

1. a proven fact
2. an after-the-fact explanation

 

16. Psychology
17. rejects common sense
18. refuses to consider claims that were not discovered

scientifically

1. does not question objective evidence

*          d. has been extremely productive

 

17. Psychology became a science when psychologists began to
18. charge fees for their services
19. get college degrees
20. use computers

*          d. use objective evidence to test hypotheses

1. consider physiological influences on behavior

 

18. Predicting a person’s behavior in a given situation is usually
    1. simple, once you know the rules
    2. impossible
    3. difficult because there are so many opinions about why a person might behave in a given way

*            d. difficult because there are so many rules that may affect a person’s behavior in a given situation

 

19. If you can not predict whether Fred will buy Girl Scout cookies at the mall on Sunday, but you can accurately predict that 50% of the people will buy Girl Scout cookies at the mall on Sunday, you should conclude that

*         a.    The behavior of buying Girl Scout cookies is governed by several rules

1. You are looking at the wrong behavior
2. The behavior of buying Girl Scout cookies behavior does not follow general rules
3. The behavior of buying Girl Scout cookies too complicated to study scientifically

 

20. Love can
21. not be studied scientifically because it cannot be measured
22. not be studied because it cannot be directly observed

*           c.   be studied by looking at observable behaviors, such as pupil dilation, that indicate the presence of love

1. be observed directly just by looking at someone

 

21. Science is

*         a.    self-correcting

1. biased
2. systematic series of opinions
3. subjective

 

 

22. Research is important to science because it will
23. verify what we already know
24. prove our position

*            c.   objectively test our beliefs

1. uncover absolute truth

 

23. Psychology is considered a science because it
24. gains information using modern technology
25. accepts what seems reasonable

*          c. relies on objective observation

1. studies animal as well as human behavior

 

24. Psychology is best defined as
25. the study of human behavior.
26. the study of the relationship between mind and behavior.
27. the study of human and animal behavior.

*          d. the scientific study of behavior.

 

25. Understanding research can help you
26. evaluate information
27. create information
28. detect misinformation

 *         d. all of the above

True/False

 

26. Psychologists use the scientific method to uncover simple rules that explain, describe, and predict behavior.

*          a. True 

1. False

 

27. Scientists believe in objective facts because they know from past experience that we can’t always accept people’s subjective opinions.

 *         a. True 

1. False

 

28. Counterintuitive ideas should not be studied because they are usually wrong.
29. True

 *         b. False

 

 

29. As long as you have a good secondhand source, it is not important for you to be able to read the original source and come to your own conclusions.
30. True

 *         b. False

 

 

30. One of the most important reasons for you to be able to critically read firsthand research reports is to help you identify unsupported claims.

*          a. True 

1. False

 

31. Most television and newspaper journalist have extensive training in research methodology.
32. True

 *         b. False

 

32. Your mastery of research methodology will help you in any career that requires the ability to collect, analyze, and communicate information.

*          a. True 

1. False

 

33. If you are interested in knowing the truth, your best tool is an understanding of the scientific method.

*          a. True 

1. False

 

34. Science’s emphasis on objective, observable evidence encourages it to be productive, as well as skeptical, yet open-minded.

*          a. True

1. False

 

35. The number of important psychological research discoveries is decreasing every year.
36. True

*          b. False

 

 

Essay and Fill-in

 

36. List six characteristics of the scientific approach. Explain how each characteristic applies to psychology.

 

37. How can the scientific method help you in your everyday life?