Sensation And Perception 1st Edition By Bennett L. Schwartz - Test Bank

Sensation And Perception 1st Edition By Bennett L. Schwartz – Test Bank

 

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Test Bank – Chapter 5

 

1. Patient YM has accurate color perception, his shape perception is accurate, but he cannot determine an object’s function simply by examining it visually. Once he touches the object, he knows what it is. Your diagnosis?
2. Topographic agnosia
   b. Prosopagnosia
   *c. Object agnosia
   d. Anosoagnosia

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.1
Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: Introduction (111)
Question type: MC

 

2. Our ability to detect objects must overcome three aspects of the environment: They are
3. Variable views
   b. Object clutter
   c. Image clutter
   *d. All of the above

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.1
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Introduction to Object Perception
Question type: MC

3. Top-down processing is:
4. A process whereby physical stimuli influence how we perceive them
   *b. A process whereby our existing knowledge of objects influences how we perceive them
   c. A process in which the top of objects is more salient than the bottom of objects
   d. Processing that occurs first in the higher cortical areas and then is sent directly to the sensory organs

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.1
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Top-down and Bottom-up Processing (114)
Question type: MC

 

4. Bottom-up processing is:

*a. A process whereby physical stimuli influence how we perceive them
b. A process whereby our existing knowledge of objects influences how we perceive them
c. A process in which the bottom of objects is more salient than the top of objects
d. Processing that occurs first in the higher cortical areas and then is sent directly to the sensory organs

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.2
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Top-down and Bottom-up Processing (114)
Question type: MC

 

5. The storage and/or reconstruction of information in memory when that information is not in use is known as:
6. Recognition
   b. Perceptual organization
   *c. Representation
   d. The perception-memory feedback loop

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.2
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Recognition and Representation (115)
Question type: MC

 

6. The process by which multiple objects in the environment are grouped, allowing us to identify multiple objects in complex scenes, is known as:
7. Advanced grouping
   b. Bottom-up processing
   *c. Perceptual organization
   d. Environmental-perceptual matrix

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.2
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Perceptual Organization (115)
Question type: MC

 

7. Figure-ground organization is:
8. The process by which figures become ground and ground becomes figure
   *b. The experience viewers have as to which part of image is in front and which part of an image is in the background of a particular scene
   c. The organization of objects into discrete groups that are grounded in reality
   d. None of the above

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.3
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Figure-ground Organization (117)
Question type: MC

 

8. In figure-ground organization:
9. The bottom of a scene tends to be seen as figure and the top as background
   b. A figure with symmetrical borders is more likely to be judged as being in the foreground than in the background
   c. The figure is more likely to be perceived as being in the foreground if it is perceived to be on the convex side of a border
   *d. All of the above are true.

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.3
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Figure-Ground Organization (117)
Question type: MC

 

9. The gestalt grouping law that states that elements that are close together tend to be perceived as a unified group is the:

*a. Law of proximity
b. Law of similarity
c. Law of symmetry
d. Law of common fate

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.3
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Grouping (121)
Question type: MC

 

10. The gestalt grouping law that states that elements that are moving together tend to be perceived as a unified group is the:
11. Law of proximity
    b. Law of similarity
    c. Law of symmetry
    *d. Law of common fate

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.3
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Grouping (122)
Question type: MC

 

11. The perception 
of a physically absent but inferred edge, allowing us to complete the perception of a partially hidden object, is known as:

*a. Edge completion
b. The Edge illusion
c. Edge occlusion
d. “Getting an edge” on the competition

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.3
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Perceptual Interpolation (122)
Question type: MC

 

12. Illusory contours are:
13. Edges that are detected not consciously processed by viewers
    *b. Perceptual edges that exist because of edge completion but are not actually physically present
    c. The theory that edge detection occurs because edges occur in the real world
    d. None of the above

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.3
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Perceptual Interpolation (123)
Question type: MC

 

13. The physiological explanation for illusory contours arises from studies on V2 neurons in the brains of monkeys. This study found that:
14. Edge detection cells in V2 did not respond to illusory contours though cells in the inferotemporal cortex did respond to illusory contours
    *b. Edge detection cells responded to illusory edges as strongly as they did to real ones when the stimuli were aligned to create perceptual illusions of edges
    c. Illusory contours do not produce activity in V1 or V2
    d. Monkeys do not perceive illusory contours

Learning objective number (if applicable):5.3
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Perceptual Interpolation (123)
Question type: MC

 

14. This figure is known as a:
15. Necker triangle
    b. Illusory pacman figure
    *c. Kanisza triangles
    d. Kohler figure

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.3
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Perceptual Interpolation (123)
Question type: MC

 

15. In reference to this figure, we tend to see an illusory contour of a triangle created by the figure. What is true about this figure?
16. There appears to be blue center, which is not present.
    *b. There appears to be a white triangle, which is brighter than the white background.
    c. The pacman figures appear to move or shimmer in the figure, even though that is not possible.
    d. None of the above are true.

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.3
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Perceptual Interpolation (123)
Question type: MC

 

16. Geons are:
17. Viruses that affect visual perception
    b. Objects that cannot be recognized
    *c. The basic units of objects, consisting of simple shapes such as cylinders and pyramids
    d. The neurons in V4 that code for object perception

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.4
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Recognition By Components (124)
Question type: MC

 

17. A theory stating that object recognition occurs by representing each object as a combination of basic units that make up that object is:
18. Gestalt theory
    *b. Recognition by components
    c. Object neuron theory
    d. None of the above

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.4
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Recognition By Components (124)
Question type: MC

 

18. That the perception that an object does not change when an observer sees the object from a new vantage point is known as:

*a. Viewpoint invariance
b. Object obsolescence
c. Object threshold manipulation
d. Geon dependence

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.4
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Recognition By Components (125)
Question type: MC

 

19. The 
region in the temporal lobe that receives input from the ventral visual pathway—one of its functions is object identification—is known as:
20. The Geon region of the brain
    b. Posterior Parietal
    *c. Inferotemporal (IT) area
    d. Posterior Cingulate Gyrus

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.5
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Object Recognition in the Inferotemporal Area (125)
Question type: MC

 

20. What is the name of area in the inferotemporal area of the temporal lobe that specializes in recognizing familiar faces?

*a. Fusiform face area
b. Anterior face area
c. Occiptial-parietal face area
d. Fascilus pathway

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.5
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: The Fusiform Face Area and Face Recognition (126)
Question type: MC

 

21. The ______ appears to be a specific region in the brain designed for the recognition of familiar faces, whereas the _______ appears to be responsible for making the initial identification of a face as being a face, regardless of its familiarity.
22. V4; MT
    b. posterior parietal; angular gyrus
    c. Pulvinar; Medial Geniculate Nuclues
    *d. FFA; OFA

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.5
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: The Fusiform Face Area and Face Recognition (126)
Question type: MC

 

22. An area of the brain in the occipital lobe, associated with recognizing faces as distinct from other objects, is known as the:
23. Fusiform face area
    *b. Occipital face area
    c. Parietal face area
    d. Prosopagnosic region

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.5
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: The Fusiform Face Area and Face Recognition (126)
Question type: MC

 

23. Grill-Spector, Knouf, and Kanwisher (2004) examined the role of the FFA in face recognition using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology. In one condition of their experiment, they used photographs of the face of the actor Harrison Ford as their face stimulus. They found:

*a. Strong activity in the FFA when participants identified Harrison Ford in the stimulus
b. No differences in activity between the FFA and the OFA with celebrities, but differences with other familiar faces
c. Photographs of faces do not trigger the FFA
d. None of the above are true.

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.5
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: The Fusiform Face Area and Face Recognition (127)
Question type: MC

 

24. Face agnosia, that is, a neurological injury resulting in a deficit in perceiving faces, is known as:

*a. Prosopagnosia
b. Face amnesia
c. Occipital face syndrome
d. Balint’s Syndrome

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.5
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Prosopagnosia (127)
Question type: MC

 

25. Moscovitch and Moscovitch (2000) compared prosopagnosic patients and object-agnosic patients. They found that:
26. There were no differences between the two patient types.
    *b. Patients with object agnosia were normal at face recognition but showed deficits in object recognition. Prosopagnosic patients showed deficits in facial recognition but not object recognition.
    c. Object-agnosic patients show deficits in all stimuli, whereas the prosopagnosic agnostic patients showed deficits only in faces.
    d. The prosopagnosic agnostic patients recovered more quickly than did the object-agnosic patients.

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.5
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Prosopagnosia (127)
Question type: MC

 

26. The parahippocampal place area is associated with:
27. Face recognition
    b. Recognizing wavelengths as specific colors
    c. Converting the perception of objects into memory for those objects
    *d. An area within the inferotemporal cortex that appears to have the specific function of scene recognition

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.5
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Other IT Cortex Areas With Specific Object Recognition Functions (128)
Question type: MC

 

27. A deficit in recognizing spatial landscapes, related to damage to the parahippocampal place area, is known as:

*a. Topographic agnosia
b. Parahippocampal agnosia
c. Retinal agnosia
d. Binocular agnosia

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.5
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Other IT Cortex Areas With Specific Object Recognition Functions (128)
Question type: MC

 

28. Quiroga et al. (2005) were able to examine single-cell recordings of human beings prior to brain surgery. They found that:
29. The FFA becomes active during the recognition of face-like stimuli, such as symbolic smiley faces
    b. The Occipital face region does not respond to non-human faces, such as those of monkeys
    c. There were neurons within the inferotemporal cortex that are sensitive to the racial characteristics of individuals
    *d. Specific cells in the medial temporal lobe appeared to be specific to individual people

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.5
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Grandmother Cells and Specific Coding in the IT Cortex (129)
Question type: MC

 

29. A Quiroga et al. (2005) study examined the response of specific neurons within the temporal cortex of surgery patients. Which statement best exemplifies their results?

*a. They found specific neurons that responded to specific locations, such as cells that responded to the Empire State Building but not the Sears tower.
b. They found specific neurons that responded to individual people but did not find cells that responded to specific places.
c. The inferotemporal cortex was not responding at all in the surgery patients.
d. They found specific neurons that responded to specific objects, such as cells that responded to hammers, but not screwdrivers.

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.5
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Grandmother Cells and Specific Coding in the IT Cortex (129)
Question type: MC

 

30. Looser and Wheatley (2010) pointed out that all human minds have faces, but not all faces have human minds. In their study:
31. They asked participants to design the faces of dolls to look as much as possible like real human faces.
    *b. They used electroencephalographic (EEG) technology to look at responses to photographs of real faces and photographs of dolls and mannequins.
    c. They instructed participants to imagine creepy doll faces as they monitored galvanic skin response (GSR).
    d. All of the above

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.6
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: In Depth: Vision and Animacy: How Do We Tell a Who From a What? (132)
Question type: MC

31. Looser and Wheatley (2010) compared the responses of human brains to real faces and doll faces. They found that:

*a. The FFA initially responded to both real and doll faces, but the response to doll faces dropped off rapidly.
b. The FFA did not respond to the doll faces.
c. There were no differences in the response of the FFA to both stimuli.
d. The doll faces caused an exaggerated response in FFA.

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.6
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: In Depth: Vision and Animacy: How Do We Tell a Who From a What? (132)
Question type: MC

 

32. In the following photograph, what is likely to be seen as foreground and why?
33. The cascading water because it promotes the perception of motion
    b. The trees because they are easily recognized objects
    *c. The cascading water because it is at the bottom of the image
    d. None of the above

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.6
Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: In Depth: Vision and Animacy: How Do We Tell a Who From a What?
Question type: MC

 

33. What is true about the Necker cube shown below?

 

1. The Necker cube is an example of the principle of Prosopagnosia.
   *b. The Necker cube is ambiguous and can be seen in one of two orientations.
   c. The Necker cube demonstrates the Gestalt principle of interactivity.
   d. All of the above

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.3
Cognitive domain: Analysis
Answer location: Perceptual Interpolation
Question type: MC

 

34. An area of the occipital lobe involved in both color vision and shape perception is:
35. Posterial parietal
    *b. V4
    c. Anterior cingulate
    d. MT

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.5
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Representation of Shapes in Area V4 (125)
Question type: MC

 

35. An area within the inferotemporal cortex that is activated when its cells view bodies or body parts, but not faces, is known as the:
36. Fusiform body area
    b. Cochlear nucleus
    *c. Extrastriate body area
    d. Sublingual gyrus

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.5
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Other IT Cortex Areas With Specific Object Recognition Functions (128)
Question type: MC

 

36. Which school of psychology is associated with the following statement: “The perception that emerges from a physical scene may not be directly predicted by the sensory components that it is composed of, but emerges when we integrate the components into a whole.”
37. Computational Neuroscience
    b. The recognition-by-components view
    c. The engrams of perception view
    *d. Gestalt Psychology

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.3
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Gestalt Psychology and Perceptual Organization
Question type: MC

 

37. One of the issues that is delaying the introduction of self-driving cars is:

*a. Designing an object recognition system that can recognize objects as being the same, despite the angle at which the system is looking at that object
b. Designing a car that can respond in real time to the angle of the camera
c. That recognition-by-components is difficult to instantiate in a computerized system
d. That computer systems have a difficult time with top-down processing

Learning objective number (if applicable):
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Introduction to Object Perception (113)
Question type: MC

 

38. The process by which elements in a figure are brought together into a common unit or object is known as:

*a. Grouping
b. Gestalt preservation
c. Proximity
d. Interweaving

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.2
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Perceptual Organization
Question type: MC

 

39. In this photograph of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, we tend to:
40. Assume that the object is in motion
    *b. Infer the continuation of objects even when they are partially occluded by other objects
    c. Recognize the objects by its geons
    d. Mentally replace the object with the one in our imagery system

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.3
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Grouping
Question type: MC

 

40. One of the assumptions of the work on faces—both human and doll/mannequin—is that:
41. Dolls are inherently “creepy.”
    b. Dolls are perceived as objects first and only later recognized as faces.
    c. Dolls are not perceived as human because they do not talk.
    *d. Human visual systems are extremely sensitive to stimuli that look like human faces.

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.6
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: In Depth: Vision and Animacy: How Do We Tell a Who From a What?
Question type: MC

41. A neuropsychologist diagnoses a patient who has trouble recognizing familiar landscapes and scenes with topographic agnosia.

*a. True
b. False

 

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.5
Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: Introduction
Question type: TF

 

42. Bottom-up processing are the processes whereby our existing knowledge of objects influences how we perceive them.
43. True
    *b. False

 

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.2
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Top-Down Processing and Bottom-Up Processing (114)
Question type: TF

 

43. Perceptual organization is the process by which multiple objects in the environment are grouped, allowing us to identify multiple objects in complex scenes.

*a. True
b. False

 

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.2
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Perceptual Organization (115)
Question type: TF

 

44. In figure-ground organization, the experience that viewers have concerns which part of image is in front and which part of an image is in the background of a particular scene.

*a. True
b. False

 

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.3
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Figure-Ground Organization
Question type: TF

 

45. The law of proximity, the law of good continuation, and the law of similarity are all Gestalt principles of organization.

*a. True
b. False

 

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.3
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Grounding
Question type: TF

 

46. Illusory contours are perceptual edges that exist because of edge completion but are not actually physically present.

*a. True
b. False

 

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.3
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Perceptual Interpolation (123)
Question type: TF

 

47. Recognition by components is a theory stating that object recognition occurs by representing each object as a vector of factors that influence top-down processing.
48. True
    *b. False

 

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.2
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Top-Down and Bottom-Up Processing (114)
Question type: TF

 

48. V4 is an area of the brain involved in the recognition of specific faces for specific people.
49. True
    *b. False

 

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.5
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Representation of Shapes in Area V4 (125)
Question type: TF

 

49. Inferotemporal (IT) area is the
region in the temporal lobe that receives input from the ventral visual pathway, and one of its functions is object identification.

*a. True
b. False

 

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.5
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Object Recognition in the Inferotemporal Area (125)
Question type: TF

 

50. Looser and Wheatley (2010) showed that when people see inanimate faces, such as those of dolls, their brains react in identical ways to seeing real faces.
51. True
    *b. False

 

Learning objective number (if applicable): 5.6
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: In Depth: Vision and Animacy: How Do We Tell a Who From a What? (132)
Question type: TF