Stern's Introductory Plant Biology -12th Edition by James Bidlack -test bank

Stern’s Introductory Plant Biology -12th Edition by James Bidlack -test bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 05

Roots and Soils

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A root system may function in which of the following?
   A.anchorage and storage
   B. growth
   C. absorption and conduction
   D. production of new roots
   E. all of the answers are correct.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #37
 

2. In addition to anchoring a plant, roots usually function directly in which of the following processes?
   A.photosynthesis
   B. production of new leaves
   C. production of bud scales
   D. absorption of minerals in solution
   E. all of these answers are correct.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #17
 

3. Typical root systems form up to _____________ of the total dry biomass of a plant.
   A. one tenth
   B.  one fifth
   C.  one fourth
   D.  one third
   E.  one half

 

 

4. Which of the following is a part of the embryo of a seed?
   A.root hairs
   B. radicle
   C. fibrous roots
   D. taproot
   E. adventitious roots

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #6
 

5. This can be found as part of the embryo.
   A.root hairs
   B. fibrous roots
   C. radicle
   D. adventitious roots
   E. primary root

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #29
 

6. ____________ root systems develop from the radicle.
   A. Adventitious
   B.  Climbing
   C.  Stem cutting
   D.  Fibrous
   E.  Taproot

 

7. Monocots, such as grasses, usually have __________ root systems.
   A. simple, straight
   B.  taproot
   C.   fibrous
   D.  secondary
   E.  aerial

 

 

 

8. The perception of gravity by a root takes place in
   A.root hairs.
   B. the region of elongation.
   C. the region of cell division (apical meristem).
   D. the region of maturation.
   E. the root cap.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #2
 

9. In traversing the root to the central xylem vessels, the last living tissue that water passes through before entering the xylem is the
   A.endodermis.
   B. pericycle.
   C. cortex.
   D. phloem.
   E. epidermis.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #5
 

10. Cells of the apical meristem
    A.have large vacuoles.
    B. divide at a fairly steady rate.
    C. have little to do with the root cap.
    D. are generally cuboidal in shape.
    E. have no nuclei.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #10
 

11. The tissue adjacent to the endodermis toward the center of a root is the
    A.cortex.
    B. pith.
    C. pericycle.
    D. xylem.
    E. phloem.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #11
 

 

12. Which of the following cells is relatively thin-walled?
    A.stone cell
    B. fiber
    C. tracheid
    D. vessel element
    E. passage cell

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #12
 

13. Which of the following tissues is common in roots but not in stems?
    A.endodermis
    B. parenchyma
    C. cortex
    D. epidermis
    E. pith

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #13
 

14. Parts of the pericycle and parenchyma between the arms of xylem and patches of phloem in young roots of many dicots and conifers become
    A.cork cambium.
    B. endodermis.
    C. cortex.
    D. vascular cambium.
    E. Casparian strips.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #14
 

15. The most abundant cell type in periderm is
    A.parenchyma.
    B. collenchyma.
    C. cork.
    D. vessel elements.
    E. ray initials.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #15
 

 

16. When trees undergo root grafting with one another, an unfortunate result can be
    A.strangling of one tree by another.
    B. disease spreads to healthy trees.
    C. insufficient food for all the trees.
    D. fewer leaves on the trees.
    E. the development of thinner bark.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #16
 

17. Root hairs are prominent in the
    A.root cap.
    B. apical meristem.
    C. region of elongation.
    D. root axils.
    E. region of maturation.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #18
 

18. The perception of gravity by roots is aided by
    A.amyloplasts.
    B. chloroplasts.
    C. chromoplasts.
    D. leucoplasts.
    E. gravoplasts.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #19
 

19. Rhythmic cell divisions in young roots often
    A.occur about once a week.
    B. reach a peak once or twice a day.
    C. peak several times during a 24-hour period.
    D. result in a given root growing several meters a day.
    E. do not occur in monocots.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #20
 

 

20. Cells of an endodermis that do not have Casparian strips are
    A.sieve-tube elements.
    B. tracheids.
    C. fibers.
    D. collenchyma.
    E. passage cells.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #21
 

21. The tissue in which a cork cambium first develops in woody dicot roots is the
    A.pericycle.
    B. endodermis.
    C. primary xylem.
    D. primary phloem.
    E. cortex.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #22
 

22. Cells of the root cap ease the growth of young roots through the soil by __________.
    A. secreting slippery lipids like waxes
    B.  producing oils
    C.  producing a mucilaginous lubricant
    D.  forcing a passage between soil particles
    E.  none of the above

 

23. The region of cell division in a root is also known as __________.
    A. the root apical meristem
    B.  shoot apical meristem
    C.  region of root hair production
    D.  zone of elongation
    E.  endodermis

 

 

24. The region of elongation is characterized by ______________.
    A. root hair production
    B.  development of the root cap
    C.  producing ground meristem
    D.  production of branch roots
    E.  increase in size of cells

 

25. How do lateral roots differ from root hairs?
    A. Lateral roots have a root cap; root hairs do not.
    B.  Lateral roots are formed of many cells; root hairs are a single cell.
    C.  Lateral roots form from the pericycle; root hairs develop in region of maturation.
    D.  Lateral roots may live for many months; root hairs live for a few days.
    E.  All of the above are true.

 

26. How does monocot root structure differ from dicot root structure?
    A. Monocot endodermis cells lack a Casparian strip.
    B.  Dicot roots lack a central pith region.
    C.  Monocot roots usually form a tap root system.
    D.  Dicot roots do not form branch roots.
    E.  There is no structural difference between monocot and dicot root systems.

 

27. Root hairs are found in the region of the root called the
    A.root cap.
    B. apical meristem.
    C. region of elongation.
    D. region of maturation.
    E. endodermis.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #26
 

 

28. This tissue (region) is present in monocot roots but absent in dicot roots.
    A.phloem
    B. epidermis
    C. cortex
    D. xylem
    E. pith

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #27
 

29. One unique function of the root cap is
    A.the sensing of a gravitational force.
    B. production of root hairs.
    C. formation of bud scales.
    D. production of an ion barrier.
    E. both [the sensing of a gravitational force and production of root hairs] are correct

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #32
 

30. Root hairs
    A.are specialized epidermal cells.
    B. are covered with a waxy cuticle.
    C. increase the surface area for absorption of water.
    D. live only one day.
    E. both [are specialized epidermal cells and increase the surface area for absorption of water] are correct

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #33
 

31. Numerous starch grains can be found in this tissue of the root.
    A.endodermis
    B. epidermis
    C. pericycle
    D. cortex
    E. cork

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #34
 

 

32. A unique feature of the pericycle is
    A.its retention of meristematic potential.
    B. the production of lateral roots.
    C. the presence of a Casparian strip.
    D. its location next to the epidermis.
    E. both [its retention of meristematic potential and the production of lateral roots] are correct

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #35
 

33. Which of the following is a specialized root?
    A.rhizome
    B. sweet potato
    C. corm
    D. tuber
    E. bulb

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #1
 

34. Specialized roots that permit aquatic plants to facilitate gas exchange are called
    A. velamen roots.
    B.  water-storage roots.
    C.  buttress roots.
    D.  pneumatophores.
    E.  prop roots.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #7
 

35. Roots that have fungi symbiotically associated with them are called
    A.mycorrhizae.
    B. root nodules.
    C. haustoria.
    D. propagative roots.
    E. taproots.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #9
 

 

36. Buds that develop on roots are referred to as
    A.axillary.
    B. terminal.
    C. intrusive.
    D. adventitious.
    E. pseudobuds.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #23
 

37. The rootlike projections of parasitic plants that develop along their stems and penetrate the host plants’ tissues are called
    A.parenchyma.
    B. mycorrhizae.
    C. haustoria.
    D. mutualistic.
    E. aerial roots.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #24
 

38. Mycorrhizae are roots that are associated with
    A.bacteria.
    B. algae.
    C. fungi.
    D. mycorrhizobium.
    E. nematodes.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #36
 

39. Which of the following is/are absent in dicot roots?
    A.xylem
    B. phloem
    C. epidermis
    D. cortex
    E. nodes

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #8
 

 

40. Roots differ from stems in
    A.the absence of nodes and internodes.
    B. never producing leaves.
    C. having a special covering called the root cap.
    D. having a pericycle that initiates lateral roots.
    E. all the answers are correct

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #31
 

41. Which of the following spices or flavorings is obtained from roots?
    A.sarsaparilla
    B. angelica
    C. licorice
    D. sassafras
    E. all of these answers are correct.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #25
 

42. People harvest the storage roots of biennials such as __________ for their food value.
    A. carrots
    B.  licorice
    C.  reserpine
    D.  rotenone
    E.  all of these answers are correct

 

43. Which soil horizon is the most important agriculturally?
    A.A horizon
    B. B horizon
    C. C horizon
    D. D horizon
    E. both [B horizon and C horizon] are correct

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #3
 

 

44. The best soil for plant growth is
    A.clay.
    B. sand.
    C. loam.
    D. peat.
    E. both [clay and sand] are correct

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #4
 

45. Water that drains out of the pores in soils after a rain is called
    A.capillary water.
    B. gravitational water.
    C. hygroscopic water.
    D. field capacity.
    E. available water.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #38
 

46. Good agricultural soils are granular soils with pore spaces that occupy which of the following percentages of the total volume of the soil?
    A.10% to 20%
    B. 20% to 30%
    C. 40% to 60%
    D. 60% to 70%
    E. none of these answers are correct.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #39
 

47. The arrangement of soil particles into groups called aggregates refers to
    A.soil structure.
    B. soil texture.
    C. parent material.
    D. micelles.
    E. soil nutrients.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #40
 

 

48. What does too much water do to the soil?
    A.depletes mineral nutrients
    B. slows mineralization
    C. interferes with plant growth
    D. accelerates the breakdown of nitrates
    E. all of these answers are correct.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #41
 

49. In a soil profile, topsoil is called the
    A.A horizon.
    B. B horizon.
    C. C horizon.
    D. parent material.
    E. metamorphic quotient.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #42
 

50. Soil water between field capacity and the permanent wilting point is called
    A.hygroscopic water.
    B. gravitational water.
    C. capillary water.
    D. intermediate water.
    E. available water.

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #43
 

 

True / False Questions

51. A root hair consists of a short row of cells.
    FALSE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #44
 

 

52. Pith tissue is absent in dicot roots.
    TRUE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #45
 

53. Soil parent material extends down to bedrock.
    TRUE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #46
 

54. Soils in low wet areas tend to contain hardly any organic matter.
    FALSE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #47
 

55. Clay particles have negative electric charges.
    TRUE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #48
 

56. A colloid is a mixture of water and particles that are smaller than average molecules in size.
    FALSE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #49
 

57. Liming is used to counteract soil acidity.
    TRUE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #50
 

 

58. The protective suberin bands called Casparian strips are confined to the cells of the epidermis.
    FALSE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #51
 

59. Branch roots arise from buds in a fashion similar to that of stem branches.
    FALSE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #52
 

60. When a seed germinates, the part of the embryo that develops into the first root is called a radicle.
    TRUE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #53
 

61. Outer cells of the root cap secrete mucilage.
    TRUE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #54
 

62. Haustoria and mycorrhizae are two examples of tap roots.
    FALSE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #55
 

63. Grasses generally produce a fibrous root system.
    TRUE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #56
 

 

64. The perception of gravity by a root is aided by chloroplasts.
    FALSE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #57
 

65. Casparian strips are composed primarily of suberin.
    TRUE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #58
 

66. The equivalent of a root cap in stems is a terminal bud.
    FALSE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #59
 

67. Natural grafting between roots of different trees of the same species is well known in the tropics.
    TRUE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #60
 

68. Passage cells are found in the pericycle.
    FALSE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #61
 

69. In dicot roots the xylem is formed in discrete patches.
    FALSE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #62
 

 

70. Contractile roots are common in woody plants.
    FALSE

 

Stern – 005 Chapter… #63
 

71. Plant root systems can detect and respond to gravity within 30 minutes to a few hours.
    TRUE