The American System of Criminal Justice 15th Edition by George F. Cole - Test Bank

The American System of Criminal Justice 15th Edition by George F. Cole – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

True / False

1. Police officers today have more formal education than their predecessors.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

2. Currently, about one in five officers is a racial or ethnic minority group member.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

3. Even today, research indicates that women may be subject to more sexual harassment as police officers than their male counterparts.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

4. The police officer’s job demands interpersonal skills such as quick to anger.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

5. Police officers require only formal training to understand all the aspects of their job.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

6. Police officers are expected to obey rules and respect superiors.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

7. The nature of police work can make officers very suspicious of citizens whom they encounter.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

8. Police rarely perceive the public as hostile.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

9. An occupational environment affects the way a person interprets reality.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

10. Police officers rarely feel isolated from the public.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

11. Police departments have not responded adequately in addressing the issue of stress.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

12. Police are mainly reactive when they respond to citizen calls reporting criminal activity.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

13. New communications technology within police departments has tended to fragment decision making.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

14. Quantifying police work is relatively easy.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

15. Every department has the same number of vice and juvenile units.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

16. The presence of a patrol officer in a community can be a major factor in reducing crime.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

17. All police departments have equipment to perform DNA analysis.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Service
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

18. Police help maintain order by enforcing traffic laws.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

19. Modern-day police practices use patrol units with two officers.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

20. The community policing philosophy is an approach that stresses police control of the community.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

21. Problem-oriented policing tries to find the underlying causes of crime.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

22. Forensic analysis of hair, semen, and blood can only be used to determine guilt; these findings cannot be used to establish the innocence of incarcerated people.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

23. When a force employs police officers from all demographic groups, the police gain legitimacy because they are seen as reflecting the interests of all people, and there may be reductions in race-based disparities affecting who is stopped, searched, or arrested.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

24. The educational level of new police recruits is a factor that influences who applies to be a law enforcement officer.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

25. The second aspect of the working personality is the need to exert authority.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

26. In the Patriot Act, there is no legislation that allows law enforcement access to sneak and peek warrants, warrantless search of third-party records, and access to emails.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

27. In contrast to the police, those individuals who work within the lower level private security industry are paid more and receive more training.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

28. New York City created the Commission to Combat Police Corruption that is an entity separate from the department that investigates corruption.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

29. In order to have a good rapport with the community, the police officers must depend on the confidence they have in their patrol partner.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

30. Cooperation since 9/11 among the federal policing agencies has made progress in the sharing of intelligence.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

Multiple Choice

31. Which of the following is not a characteristic that applies to the job of a law enforcement officer?
a. Training is required.
b. Pay scales are high.
c. Physical fitness standards must be met.
d. Recruits must lack a criminal record.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

32. Which of the following is not a requirement of a must recruits must s pass to become a police officer?
a. Psychological tests
b. Background check
c. Fitness test
d. IQ test
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

33. Which of the following is true regarding the changing profile of a police officer?
a. Most police officers are either women or a racial or ethnic minority
b. Today almost 1 in 3 officers is female.
c. The percentage of female officers has not changed since the 1970s.
d. The percentage of female officers has doubled since the 1970s, but females still comprise only about 12% of all officers.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

34. Which of the following is true of the women in the police force?
a. Women have been serving as police officers since the early 1800s.
b. The smaller the police department, the higher the proportion of women as sworn officers.
c. Women face little to no prejudice today in police work.
d. Women remain a minority in most police departments, and face a variety of challenges.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

35. The process in which members learn the symbols, beliefs, and values of a group is called
a. working personality.
b. spiritualization.
c. socialization.
d. isolation.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

36. When a group shares symbols, beliefs, and attitudes, this is referred to as
a. a subculture.
b. a subcommunity.
c. a suboccupation.
d. subprofessionals.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

37. On average, how many types of difficult situations are patrol officers expected to handle per week?
a. 4
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

38. A set of emotional and behavioral characteristics developed by members of an occupational group in response to a work situation and environmental influences is called the ________ personality.
a. authoritative
b. policeman’s
c. socialization
d. subculture
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

39. Which of the following is not a key issue in understanding the police subculture?
a. Working personality
b. Police morality
c. Isolation of the police
d. Acceptance of independent actions by other officers
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

40. Which two elements of police work define the working personality?
a. Danger and authority
b. Danger and isolation
c. Danger and independence
d. Authority and isolation
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

41. During day-to day encounters with police officers, citizens respond most positively to which officer characteristic?
a. Badge
b. Handcuffs
c. Demeanor
d. Nightstick
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

42. Most police work is reactive, which means police
a. respond to citizen calls for service.
b. initiate actions in the absence of citizen requests.
c. operate according to “hunches.”
d. stop crime before it happens.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

43. Which of the following is an example of a proactive strategy to combat crime?
a. Responding to citizen calls for service
b. Using a stakeout in victimless crimes
c. Responding to citizens who approach an officer
d. Responding to a crime after the perpetrator has fled
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

44. When calls for service are the main instigators of police action, this is called ________ policing.
a. clearance-rate
b. incident-driven
c. proactive
d. preventive
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

45. Which of the following is a consequence of the policy of differential response?
a. Less detailed information is received from callers.
b. Callers are uncertain about when to expect a response.
c. Police resources are conserved.
d. Patrol officers know less about a case when they respond.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

46. A system that assigns priorities to calls for service is called
a. incident-driven policing.
b. clearance rate.
c. differential response.
d. line functions.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

47. The percentage of crimes that police believe they have solved through an arrest is called
a. incident-driven policing.
b. clearance rate.
c. differential response.
d. line functions.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

48. Which is true regarding the measurement of positive police productivity?
a. The clearance rate is the most effective measure.
b. The crime rate is the most effective measure.
c. The clearance rate and crime rate together provide an accurate picture.
d. The clearance rate and crime rate do not give an accurate picture.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

49. Which is not an operational unit in a police department?
a. Investigation
b. Traffic
c. Patrol
d. Court
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

50. The extent to which departments create specialized units depends on which of the following?
a. Preferences of the police chief.
b. Attitudes of the public toward the police.
c. Attitudes of the news media toward the public.
d. All of the above influence the creation of specialized units.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

51. Which type of police officers account for two-thirds of all sworn officers?
a. Detective
b. Traffic
c. Juvenile
d. Patrol
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

52. Police functions that directly involve field operations such as patrol and investigation are called _____ functions.
a. line
b. staff
c. sworn
d. preventive
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

53. Preventive patrol emphasizes
a. a large number of arrests to control crime.
b. responding to 911 calls.
c. making police presence known.
d. fixing “broken windows.”
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

54. Which police unit identifies, apprehends, and collects evidence against lawbreakers?
a. Traffic
b. Investigation
c. Juvenile
d. Administrative
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

55. Research conducted on large police departments found that a key factor in solving crimes was
a. identification of the perpetrator by the victim or the witnesses.
b. the police arriving at the scene of the crime in less than a minute.
c. the intelligence of the police officers.
d. the size of the police force.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

56. Traffic regulation is a ____ job of the police.
a. minor
b. major
c. dangerous
d. rare
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

57. ________ is a vice offense.
a. Assault
b. Traffic violation
c. Arson
d. Prostitution
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

58. What conclusions would you make from the chart below?

a. The probability of arrest is highest 10 minutes after a crime.
b. The probability of arrest is highest 14 minutes after a crime.
c. The probability of arrest is highest 2 minutes after a crime.
d. The probability of arrest is highest while the crime is in progress.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

59. One important component of community policing is
a. reactive policing.
b. fast 911 response time.
c. problem solving.
d. crime control.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

60. Which program attempts to control crime through the collection of crime statistics and meetings to enforce accountability?
a. Uniform Crime Reports
b. National Incident-Based Reporting System
c. Compstat
d. National Crime Victimization Survey
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

61. Police components that directly perform field operations and carry out the basic functions of patrol, investigation, traffic, vice, juvenile, and are so on are called _________ functions.
a. line
b. patrol
c. sworn
d. preventative
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

62. The _________ raised questions about whether and how police patrol impacts crime and crime rates. Thus police departments have tried various means to use patrol in order to provide service, maintain order, and achieve improvements in crime prevention and crime control.
a. Charlotte experiment
b. Oakland experiment
c. New York City experiment
d. Kansas City experiment
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

63. Which is not a characteristic of the SARA strategy for problem solving?
a. Scanning the social environment to identify problems
b. Analysis of the problem by collecting information
c. Response to the problem by developing and employing remedies
d. Assessment of the solutions to make addition recommendations
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

64. _______ is an influential theory about increases in fear and crime within neighborhoods when there is insufficient police attention to seemingly minor public order offenses such as vandalism, loitering, aggressive panhandling, and prostitution.
a. Learning theory
b. Broken windows theory
c. Differential learning association
d. Social control theory
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

65. Steve Herbert found a high sense of morality in the law enforcement subculture. Which is not a dilemma that officers must overcome?
a. The contradiction between the goal of preventing crime and the officers’ inability to do so
b. The fact that officers must use their discretion to “handle” situations in ways that do not strictly follow procedures
c. The fact that what is right is not always legal
d. The fact that they invariably act against at least one citizen’s interest, often with recourse to coercive force that can maim or kill
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

Alan has always wanted to become a law enforcement officer. He has recently applied to his local sheriff’s department. He holds a bachelor’s degree from a state university and speaks Spanish as a second language. If hired, he will participate in a 16-week basic law enforcement course before he goes into the field.

66. How much money can Alan expect to make as a new recruit based upon the current data for non-collective- bargaining departments?
a. $38,621
b. $28,376
c. $60,000
d. $43,465
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

67. Based upon Alan’s education level, which of the following would not be an area where we he would be more successful than a lesser less-educated law enforcement officer?
a. Report writing
b. Less improper use of force
c. Higher arrest rates
d. Less citizen complaints
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

68. Which of the following would not be a standard part of Alan’s curriculum through BLET?
a. Weapons use
b. CPR training
c. Prison procedure
d. Legal rules
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

69. The department to which Alan is applying is in the process of calling his character references. This process is a part of a
a. psychological tests
b. background check
c. fitness test
d. financial check
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

David has worked for his municipal police department for 10 years. He has seen his fair share of homicide and rape victims. He remembers a the time when he used to be excited to hear the next call for service. Currently, he dreads to hear the radio calls for assistance. David tries to remember that he is keeping his community safe by performing his job. He also remembers that he has a family of his own he wants to keep safe as well.

70. Because David has worked in his municipal police department for 10 years, he has grown accustomed to the symbols, beliefs, and customs of his the department. This is often referred to as the
a. socialization.
b. subculture.
c. working personality.
d. authority.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

71. David is suffering from stress due to his interactions with those involved in the criminal justice system, whom he is forced to arrest and help prosecute on a day-to-day basis. Which type of stress is David suffering from?
a. External
b. Organizational
c. Personal
d. Operational
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

72. David also suffers from the stress of a constantly rotating schedule, which forces him to work at nights, on weekends, and on holidays. What type of stress does David suffer from in regard to his schedule and the time with his family?
a. External
b. Organizational
c. Personal
d. Operational
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

73. David has noticed that he has lost ties to all of his friends who are not in law enforcement. He primarily associates with those who carry a gun and a badge because fellow officers are the only ones who understand what a police officer has to endure. This results in
a. insecurity.
b. isolation.
c. aggression.
d. burnout.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

74. David has seen the percentage of crimes he has solved decrease and this has contributed to his stress. The decrease in solved crimes is a measure of the

a. incident-driven policing.
b. clearance rate.
c. differential response.
d. line functions.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

Andrica is the chief of police for a mid-size department. She has recently reviewed the data on how to serve the community better, including preventing crime and responding to calls. Andrica would like to incorporate additional strategies to improve all issues, but wants to make sure she has officer buy-in for any new methods.

75. Andrica has considered buying a drone for surveillance to prevent future crimes from occurring. This would be considered a type of __________ law enforcement.
a. proactive
b. reactive
c. informed
d. substantiated
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

76. Andrica would also like to change how her officers receive calls. She would like the highest-priority calls to go out first. This is an example of
a. a differential response system.
b. incident-driven policing.
c. evidence-based policing.
d. reactive-based policing.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

77. Andrica’s department gets many social service calls, and officers spend a great deal of time on service-related calls. Andrica would like to develop this type of community-based crime prevention. This is known as __________ policing.
a. incident-driven
b. evidence-based
c. community
d. reactive
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

78. Which of the following is true of Andrica in the police force?
a. She probably faces the same stress as her male counterparts in the force.
b. Since she works at a large police department, there is likely a higher proportion of women as sworn officers.
c. She probably faced no prejudice in police work.
d. She is likely a minority at her police department and faces a variety of challenges.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

79. The code of silence in many police departments against turning in bad cops is a feature of
a. a subculture.
b. a subcommunity.
c. a suboccupation.
d. subprofessionals.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

80. Which is not an instance of proactive police?
a. Responding to citizen calls for service.
b. Initiating actions in the absence of citizen requests.
c. Operating according to “hunches.”
d. Stopping crime before it happens.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

81. Which special operational unit in a police department enforces laws against prostitution?
a. Vice
b. Traffic
c. Patrol
d. Internal affairs
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

82. Detectives usually are employed to deliver which police function?
a. Media relations
b. Investigate
c. Apprehension
d. Research
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

83. Responding to danger is a component of a police officer’s

a. working personality.
b. work responsibility.
c. socialization.
d. culturalization.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

Completion

84. The first ____________________ police officer was hired in Portland, Oregon, in 1905.
ANSWER: woman
female
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

85. Learning informal practices as well as formal rules is the process of ____________________.
ANSWER: socialization
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

86. ____________________ is a subdivision of a national culture defined by occupation, ethnicity, class, and residence.
ANSWER: Subculture
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

87. A police officer’s ____________________ is a complex set of emotional and behavioral characteristics.
ANSWER: working personality
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

88. The two most important elements of the police officer’s working personality are ____________________ and ____________________.
ANSWER: danger, authority
authority, danger
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

89. The real threats on the job are called ____________________ stresses.
ANSWER: external
REFERENCES: Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

90. ____________________ stress is produced by the paramilitary character of police forces.
ANSWER: Organizational
REFERENCES: Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

91. Generally, police patrol duties in a democracy are organized to be ____________________.
ANSWER: reactive
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

92. When police prioritize calls, this is called ____________________.
ANSWER: differential response
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

93. The ____________________ is the percentage of crimes known to police that have been solved through an arrest.
ANSWER: clearance rate
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

94. ____________________ and ____________________ are the two largest and most important units in a police department.
ANSWER: Patrol, investigation
Investigation, patrol
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

95. ____________________ assigns resources so as to obtain the largest number of arrests.
ANSWER: Aggressive patrol
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

96. Enforcement of vice laws depends on ____________________ police work.
ANSWER: proactive
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

97. Geographic concentrations of crime are called ____________________.
ANSWER: hot spots
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

98. The different types of patrol are foot, bicycle, and ____________________ patrol.
ANSWER: motorized
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

99. Agencies increasingly require recruits to undergo ____________, because each officer will ultimately make important discretionary decisions, including those that may determine life and death in stressful situations.
ANSWER: psychological evaluations
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

100. The performance of the police is not based solely on the types of people recruited; it is also shaped by their _______.
ANSWER: training
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

101. ________ is caused by an officer’s racial or gender status among peers, which can create problems in getting along with other officers and adjusting to group values that differ from one’s own.
ANSWER: Personal stress
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

102. The word _________ is derived from a French word, patrouiller, meaning “to tramp about in the mud.”
ANSWER: patrol
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

103. ___________ are police employees who have taken an oath and been given powers by the state to make arrests and use necessary force, in accordance with their duties.
ANSWER: Sworn officers
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

104. ___________ is an approach to policing in which officers routinely seek to identify, analyze, and respond to the circumstances underlying the incidents that prompt citizens to call the police.
ANSWER: Problem-oriented policing
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

105. __________ is where the officer learns the subculture of the department.
ANSWER: Training
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

106. ______ increases marital problems, alcohol abuse, and higher rates of suicide.
ANSWER: Stress or job stress

REFERENCES: Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

107. Departments may determine ________ by determining how many citations an officer writes or the particular clearance rate.
ANSWER: productivity
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

108. Drug enforcement falls under the goal of _______ patrol.
ANSWER: aggressive
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

109. Research shows that crime is not spread over an entire beat; instead it develops in what is called _______.
ANSWER: hot spots
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

Essay

110. Police departments use several methods to measure police productivity. In light of the shift to community policing (and away from punitive crime control), can measures such as arrests and traffic stops still be used to gauge police productivity? In your answer, suggest alternative measures if appropriate.
ANSWER: Students’ answers will vary according to geographical location, resources, and population.
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

111. According to the research on policing, officers have a significant amount of discretionary time during their shifts. If you were a police administrator, how might you attempt to keep your officers accountable for their time? What style of policing would you promote to reflect your style?
ANSWER: Student answers will depend on the police style they prefer, as well as personal beliefs on discretion in management.
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

112. Different departments allocate their officers in different ways—some departments have more officers on patrol than others, and some departments (such as in Houston, Texas) stress criminal investigation. What factors might affect these different distributions?
ANSWER: Student answers should address geographical factors, community diversity, crime types, budgetary constraints, and other variables.
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

113. What explanations address why there are fewer female officers in most police departments? Should there be efforts to change this? Why or why not?
ANSWER: Answers should reflect an understanding of challenges for females in a male-dominated field, and the need for women, as well as minorities, within police departments.
REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

114. How does isolation help to define the police officer’s working personality?
ANSWER: Answers should reflect the subculture of the police, as well as the need for stress reduction and community awareness in policing problems and combating crime (including budget impacts from tax dollars).
REFERENCES: The Police Subculture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.02 – Describe the elements of the police officer’s “working personality”
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

115. Through the use of examples, discuss how do budget cuts on law enforcement agencies have an impact on the role of police in the community.
ANSWER: Answers should reflect the budget impact on salaries, attracting candidates, allocation of resources, technology, and priorities within the departments.
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

116. From the perspective of police officer’s role and performance in fighting crime, what does the term “intelligence” mean? How have there been improvements in this area?
ANSWER: Answers should reflect an understanding of intelligence-led policing and special jurisdiction police forces; students should realize the need for sources and from where source information comes.
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

117. How does the use of technology within the community benefit both the community and police departments in combating crime?
ANSWER:
Students’ answers should reflect an understanding of both fortuitous cameras and those placed by law enforcement agencies in high-crime areas.
REFERENCES: Police Response and Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.03 – Analyze factors that affect police response
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

118. Explain how the broken windows theory impacts aggressive patrol.
ANSWER: Answers will vary, but students should note that aggressive patrol is the proactive strategy to maximize police activity in the community. This would aid in additional officers being in the street to combat the negativity that broken windows theory typically demonstrates.
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

119. Predict the future of law enforcement within the next 10 years. Take into account budget cuts and the vast increases in technology.
ANSWER: Answers will vary, but students should mention the effects of budget cuts as well as possible future technologies.
REFERENCES: Issues in Patrolling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.05 – Analyze patrol strategies that police department employ
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

120. Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units.
ANSWER: Student answers should note that police departments often have a distinction between line and staff functions. Line functions are those who are directly in the field; whereas, staff functions are those that are based in the chief’s office.
REFERENCES: Delivery of Police Services
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.04 – Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

121. Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs.
ANSWER: Answers should reflect an understanding of what type of individual chooses a career in law enforcement? A student who is interested in law enforcement needs to ask his/herself what aspects of the job make it appealing; more so, than other jobs.

REFERENCES: Who Are the Police?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.17.06.01 – Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand