The Challenge of Democracy Essentials American Government in Global Politics The Essentials, International Edition, 9th Edition by Kenneth Janda - Test Bank

The Challenge of Democracy Essentials American Government in Global Politics The Essentials, International Edition, 9th Edition by Kenneth Janda – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

CHAPTER 5: Participation and Voting

 

SHORT ANSWER

 

Please define the following term.

 

1. political participation

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   155

 

2. conventional participation

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   155

 

3. unconventional participation

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   155

 

4. terrorism

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   155

 

5. direct action

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   158

 

6. supportive behavior

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   160

 

7. influencing behavior

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   160

 

8. voter turnout

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   164

 

9. class-action suit

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   163

 

10. suffrage

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   164

 

11. franchise

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   164

 

12. progressivism

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   168

 

13. direct primary

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   169

 

14. recall

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   169

 

15. referendum

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   169

 

16. initiative

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   169

 

17. standard socioeconomic model

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

REF:   173

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Public demonstrations by Egyptian women in December of 2011 were waged in order to protest

a.	their inability to vote.
b.	public beatings of women by Egyptian soldiers.
c.	their rights to congregate without men present.
d.	forced virginity tests on female prisoners.
e.	Options B and D are true.

 

 

ANS:  E                    REF:   153                NOT:  C

 

2. Before the collapse of communism, the former Soviet Union did not function as a democracy because

a.	it did not regularly hold elections.
b.	it had no legislature.
c.	it permitted no acts of conventional participation.
d.	there was only one political party.
e.	All of the above are true.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   154 |155         NOT:  F

 

3. The text defines _________ as the actions of private citizens by which they seek to influence or support government politics.

a.	direct action
b.	political participation
c.	unconventional participation
d.	conventional participation
e.	conventional behavior

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   155                NOT:  F

 

4. Which of the following is an unconventional form of political participation?

a.	Voting
b.	Writing letters to public officials
c.	Campaigning for candidates
d.	Displaying campaign posters in front yards
e.	Chanting slogans outside public officials’ windows

 

 

ANS:  E                    REF:   155                NOT:  C

 

5. While terrorism is an unconventional political action, it is generally not counted as political participation because

a.	terrorists do not seek to influence government but to attack it.
b.	the acceptability of terrorism varies from culture to culture.
c.	terrorism uses fear, not persuasion, as its primary tactic.
d.	terrorist acts generally concern international politics, not domestic disputes.
e.	terrorism does not use the established institutions of representative government.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   155                NOT:  C

 

6. Which of the following statements about unconventional participation is not true?

a.	It challenges existing government channels or institutions.
b.	It violates principles or beliefs of the dominant culture.
c.	It consists of relatively routine behavior that uses established institutions of representative government.
d.	It is used by disadvantaged groups in lieu of more conventional forms of participation.
e.	It has a long history in the United States.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   155 |156         NOT:  C

 

7. All of the following are regarded in the text as examples of unconventional participation except

a.	the 1965 Selma, Alabama civil rights march.
b.	the Boston Tea Party.
c.	the Montgomery bus boycott.
d.	the “occupy” camps in 2011 protesting income inequality.
e.	all of these are examples of unconventional participation .

 

 

ANS:  E                    REF:   155–158         NOT:  C

 

8. Which of the following was the first known act of unconventional participation in America?

a.	The Revolutionary War
b.	The Declaration of Independence
c.	The civil rights marches of the 1960s
d.	Shays’s Rebellion
e.	The Boston Tea Party

 

 

ANS:  E                    REF:   156 |157         NOT:  F

 

9. Political scientists know less about unconventional forms of political participation because

a.	conventional forms have greater impact.
b.	few people consider unconventional forms legitimate.
c.	it is easier to collect data on conventional practices.
d.	they are biased toward institutionalized, or conventional, politics.
e.	Options C and D are true.

 

 

ANS:  E                    REF:   157                NOT:  F

 

10. Direct action includes

a.	a contribution to a campaign.
b.	legislatures passing laws in response to public demands.
c.	increased voter turnout due to negative campaigning.
d.	a citizen’s group appearing before the city council seeking change in an ordinance.
e.	an interest group soliciting members.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   158                NOT:  F

 

11. Some studies show that direct political action appeals most to those who __________ the political system and have a _________ sense of political efficacy.

a.	distrust; strong
b.	trust; weak
c.	trust; strong
d.	distrust; weak
e.	support; keen

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   159                NOT:  C

 

12. Americans are less likely to __________ than citizens of other countries.

a.	vote
b.	sign a petition
c.	boycott products
d.	be interested in politics.
e.	join demonstrations

 

 

ANS:  E                    REF:   159                NOT:  C

 

13. A practical test of whether or not a government is democratic is whether

a.	people can operate outside government institutions to influence policymaking.
b.	citizens can affect its policies by acting through its institutions.
c.	direct action is necessary for government to hear citizens’ views.
d.	conventional political action consists largely of influencing behaviors and not supportive behaviors.
e.	All of the above are true.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   159 |160         NOT:  C

 

14. Flying the American flag on holidays is an example of _________ behavior.

a.	influencing
b.	contacting
c.	unconventional
d.	supportive
e.	modeling

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   160                NOT:  F

 

15. Petitioning a local government council to rebuild a curb in front of your home is a(n)

a.	form of unconventional participation.
b.	form of supportive behavior.
c.	example of seeking particular benefits.
d.	example of seeking broad policy objectives.
e.	method of self-interested political behavior.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   161                NOT:  C

 

16. Studies of Americans who engage in “contacting behavior” like complaining to city hall find

a.	they are not more likely to engage in other forms of political activity.
b.	they tend to be of low socioeconomic status.
c.	they demand more of the national government than of local government.
d.	they are more focused on elected officials representing their views than on providing city services.
e.	they tend to have lower favorable opinions about government.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   161                NOT:  F

 

17. Americans contributing money to a candidate’s campaign is best defined as a form of

a.	unconventional participation.
b.	supportive behavior.
c.	influencing behavior.
d.	competitive behavior.
e.	elite behavior.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   162                NOT:  F

 

18. Which of the following activities requires the most initiative?

a.	Voting
b.	Running for office
c.	Working on a campaign
d.	Contacting an elected official
e.	Signing a petition

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   162                NOT:  F

 

19. A legal action brought by a person or group on behalf of a number of people in similar circumstances is also known as a(n)

a.	class action suit.
b.	initiative.
c.	supportive behavior.
d.	public act.
e.	referendum.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   163                NOT:  F

 

20. The text defines suffrage and franchise as the right to

a.	participate.
b.	speak.
c.	protest.
d.	vote.
e.	rally.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   164                NOT:  C

 

21. Which country was the first to provide for the general election of representatives through mass suffrage?

a.	France
b.	Australia
c.	Canada
d.	Great Britain
e.	United States

 

 

ANS:  E                    REF:   165                NOT:  F

 

22. The framers of the Constitution left the issue of voter enfranchisement to

a.	Congress.
b.	the Supreme Court.
c.	the states.
d.	the Federalist papers.
e.	voting districts.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   165                NOT:  F

 

23. Which of the following qualifications for voting was virtually eliminated in all states by the 1850s?

a.	Property ownership
b.	Age
c.	Race
d.	Gender
e.	Literacy requirement

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   165                NOT:  F

 

24. The __________ to the Constitution prohibits states from denying the right to vote “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

a.	Tenth Amendment
b.	Fourteenth Amendment
c.	Fifteenth Amendment
d.	Twenty-second Amendment
e.	Eighteenth Amendment

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   165                NOT:  F

 

25. The purpose of the literacy tests that were used in the southern states after 1870 was to

a.	keep schoolteachers employed.
b.	keep illegal aliens from voting.
c.	void illegally-cast ballots.
d.	ensure that only well-informed people voted.
e.	discourage African Americans from voting.

 

 

ANS:  E                    REF:   165                NOT:  F

 

26. In Smith v. Allwright, the Supreme Court found __________ is (are) unconstitutional.

a.	preventing blacks from voting in primary elections
b.	state poll taxes.
c.	literacy tests
d.	property requirements for voting
e.	Jim Crow laws

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   166                NOT:  F

 

27. Women were first given the right to vote in

a.	New York.
b.	Massachusetts.
c.	Ohio.
d.	Pennsylvania.
e.	Wyoming.

 

 

ANS:  E                    REF:   167                NOT:  F

 

28. The amendment granting women’s suffrage is the

a.	Eighteenth Amendment.
b.	Nineteenth Amendment.
c.	Twentieth Amendment.
d.	Twenty-first Amendment.
e.	Twenty-eighth Amendment.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   167                NOT:  F

 

29. The amendment lowering the voting age to eighteen is the

a.	Eighteenth Amendment.
b.	Nineteenth Amendment.
c.	Twentieth Amendment.
d.	Twenty-sixth Amendment.
e.	Twenty-seventh Amendment.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   168                NOT:  F

 

30. Compared with other nations in the world in granting suffrage to women, the United States

a.	was among the first.
b.	ranked about in the middle.
c.	lagged far behind.
d.	was unique in extending that right without being pressured to do so.
e.	was more selective in which women were extended the right.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   168                NOT:  C

 

31. Which nation did not extend the vote on equal terms with men until 1971?

a.	Norway
b.	The Netherlands
c.	Switzerland
d.	Kuwait
e.	Belgium

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   168                NOT:  F

 

32. A direct primary is a

a.	direct vote on a proposed law.
b.	preliminary election to choose party candidates.
c.	special election initiated by petition.
d.	procedure by which voters can propose a law to be considered by the legislature.
e.	recorded position on an issue by an interest group.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   169                NOT:  F

 

33. Which statement concerning recall is incorrect?

a.	Twenty-one state governors have been unseated through recall.
b.	It is a special election initiated by a petition signed by a specific number of voters.
c.	It was supported by the Progressive movement.
d.	Eighteen states provide for the recall of state officials.
e.	None of the above is true.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   169                NOT:  F

 

34. Most referenda are placed on the ballot by

a.	voters.
b.	governors.
c.	interest groups.
d.	judges.
e.	legislatures.

 

 

ANS:  E                    REF:   169                NOT:  F

 

35. The typical procedure for an initiative requires petitions to feature the signatures of __________ of the number of registered voters in a state.

a.	5 to 10 percent
b.	25 to 30 percent
c.	45 to 50 percent
d.	more than 50 percent
e.	at least 60 percent

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   169                NOT:  F

 

36. The last governor recalled from office was Governor

a.	Susana Martinez of New Mexico.
b.	Terry Branstad of Iowa.
c.	Gray Davis of California.
d.	Scott Walker of Wisconsin.
e.	George Ryan of Illinois.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   169                NOT:  F

 

37. One recent criticism of referenda and initiatives is that

a.	they create an expensive “industry” designed around circulating petitions and spending millions.
b.	citizens cannot exercise great power over government policy through these mechanisms.
c.	controversial ballot measures tend to lower voter turnout.
d.	voters increasingly tend to reject all ballot measures.
e.	Options B and D are true.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   170                NOT:  F

 

38. At the local level, voters elect about __________ of 13,800 school districts across the nation.

a.	15 percent
b.	25 percent
c.	50 percent
d.	75 percent
e.	95 percent

 

 

ANS:  E                    REF:   171                NOT:  F

 

39. Although the United States has a much lower voter turnout than do other democracies, Americans may actually work harder at being good citizens because

a.	political parties in the United States demand a high level of activity.
b.	people must pass a test of political knowledge to be eligible to vote in the United States.
c.	many American states still impose a poll tax.
d.	the United States has far more elections than do other countries.
e.	they break fewer laws overall.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   171                NOT:  C

 

40. The standard socioeconomic model of participation chiefly refers to

a.	age, race, and education.
b.	gender, ethnicity, and income.
c.	race, income, and religion.
d.	age, education, and political interest.
e.	education, income, and occupation.

 

 

ANS:  E                    REF:   172                NOT:  C

 

41. Voting in the United States decreased during the 1970s and 1980s. Other forms of participation

a.	increased or remained stable.
b.	also decreased.
c.	have not been extensively studied.
d.	rose and fell in no particular pattern.
e.	dramatically increased.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   172                NOT:  F

 

42. Characteristics frequently associated with nonvoters are

a.	low education, high income, and being middle-aged.
b.	low education, low income, and being relatively young.
c.	high education, low income, and being relatively old.
d.	low education, low income, and being middle-aged.
e.	low income and general apathy.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   172–174         NOT:  F

 

43. In general today, women politically participate

a.	less than men.
b.	more than men.
c.	less than men if they are married, but more if they are not.
d.	about the same as men.
e.	There is no consistent pattern across different forms of participation.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   173                NOT:  F

 

44. How does education affect voter turnout?

a.	Well-educated people are more likely to vote than are their less-educated counterparts.
b.	Educated people are less likely to vote than uneducated people because their education makes them more cynical about government.
c.	Educated and uneducated people vote at about the same rates.
d.	Educated people vote more than uneducated people, who are often unable to pass voter literacy tests.
e.	Educated people cast more split ballots on issues.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   173                NOT:  C

 

45. The effect of the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which enfranchised eighteen-to-twenty-year-olds, was to

a.	boost voter turnout in the United States above that of most other democratic nations.
b.	reduce the national voter turnout rate.
c.	increase the national voter turnout rate.
d.	decrease the percentage of the population that distrusts the American political system.
e.	counter the increasing social mobility of this group.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   174 |175         NOT:  C

 

46. Which of the following forms of political participation are Americans least likely to engage in, according to a 2008 survey?

a.	Voting
b.	Discussing politics with family or friends
c.	Talking with anyone about voting
d.	Wearing campaign buttons, posting stickers and signs
e.	Attending political meetings

 

 

ANS:  E                    REF:   174                NOT:  F

 

47. The country with the lowest voter turnout among eligible voters in national elections is

a.	Belgium.
b.	Sweden.
c.	Germany.
d.	Spain.
e.	the United States.

 

 

ANS:  E                    REF:   176                NOT:  F

 

48. In nearly every other democratic country, the burden of registration is placed on

a.	the individual voters.
b.	political parties.
c.	community leaders.
d.	the government.
e.	private interest groups.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   177                NOT:  F

 

49. Today, __________ states allow voters to both register and vote on the day of the election.

a.	two
b.	nine
c.	twenty-two
d.	thirty-one
e.	forty-six

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   177                NOT:  F

 

50. In Oregon, everyone votes by

a.	telephone.
b.	Internet.
c.	electronic devices.
d.	mail.
e.	None of the above is true.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   178                NOT:  F

 

51. If voter-turnout was computed on the basis of registered voters, about __________ of Americans vote.

a.	45 percent
b.	50 percent
c.	60 percent
d.	70 percent
e.	80 percent

 

 

ANS:  E                    REF:   178                NOT:  F

 

52. In 2001–2002, over 42 percent of registrations for voting were done though

a.	mail.
b.	motor-voter provisions.
c.	the Internet.
d.	telephone.
e.	party registration drives.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   178                NOT:  F

 

53. A 2009 study showed that half of all voters are unaware that they can:

a.	switch political parties.
b.	vote by mail.
c.	register at motor vehicle offices.
d.	vote for U.S. Senators.
e.	None of the above is true.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   178                NOT:  C

 

54. The American emphasis on freedom over equality in political participation works to the benefit of

a.	union members.
b.	the poor.
c.	those with greater resources.
d.	no particular group.
e.	nonvoters.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   179                NOT:  C

 

55. During the Vietnam War, protesting students on college campuses

a.	stopped traffic.
b.	destroyed property.
c.	occupied buildings.
d.	Options A, B, and C are true.
e.	None of the above is true.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   180                NOT:  F

 

56. Which means of political participation serves the ideal of equality better than any other?

a.	Running for office
b.	Contributing to campaigns
c.	Contacting officials
d.	Voting in elections
e.	E-mailing concerns to elected officials

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   180                NOT:  C

 

57. Congress and the states moved quickly to pass the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which lowered the voting age to eighteen, because they

a.	recognized the justice of the student antiwar and civil rights movements.
b.	knew that student voter turnout would be low.
c.	expected the new voters to change the political balance of power drastically.
d.	hoped to channel student energy away from demonstrations and toward more conventional forms of participation.
e.	realized the unfairness of the discrepancy between the military draft age and the voting age.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   181                NOT:  C

 

58. Someone who asserts that elections “socialize political activity” is contending that elections are mechanisms that maintain

a.	freedom.
b.	majoritarianism.
c.	equality.
d.	government stability.
e.	independence.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   181                NOT:  C

 

59. Elections, as an institutional mechanism:

a.	have no perceptible effect on policies and actions of governments.
b.	diminish the power and authority of the state.
c.	encourage the citizenry to engage in other kinds of political participation.
d.	bolster the power and authority of the state.
e.	equalize segments of the population.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   181                NOT:  C

 

60. The majoritarian model of democracy favors

a.	both conventional and unconventional forms of participation.
b.	unconventional forms of participation.
c.	resourceful individuals seeking particularized benefits.
d.	better-educated, wealthier citizens.
e.	voting as the primary means of participation.

 

 

ANS:  E                    REF:   182                NOT:  C

 

ESSAY

 

1. Other than voting, list four specific ways that Americans participate in politics, For each way listed, indicate whether it is a form of conventional or unconventional participation, and why.

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

2. Explain why the 1965 march from Selma, Alabama to Montgomery, Alabama, though an unconventional form of political participation that led to violence, proved beneficial to the Civil Rights movement.

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

3. Explain the difference between supportive and influencing behavior, and provide examples of each.

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

4. Discuss how Americans compare in terms of voter turnout with citizens of other democracies, and one reason your text offers for why this difference may exist.

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

5. Summarize the expansion of voting rights by describing federal government actions that granted the franchise to those who had been denied suffrage.

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

6. Explain the difference between a referendum and an initiative, and give an example of each..

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

7. What do we know about trends in voter turnout and other forms of political participation from 1946 to 2008?

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

8. Describe why people with a higher socioeconomic status engage in conventional political participation.

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

9. What explanations have researchers suggested for decreasing voter turnout in the United States?

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

10. Discuss why patterns of American participation are more consistent with the pluralist model than the majoritarian model.

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.

 

11. In addition to their being vehicles that implement democracy, describe the other important purposes of elections.

 

ANS:

Answers will vary.