The West in the World 5th Edition by Dennis Sherman - Test Bank

The West in the World 5th Edition by Dennis Sherman – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 5

Territorial and Christian Empires

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. After the death of Julius Caesar,
2. the Roman Republic was restored.
3. Alexander the Great conquered Rome.
4. Hannibal led a plebeian uprising against the patricians.
5. a series of civil wars ended in the one-man rule of Augustus.

Answer: D

Difficulty: Easy

Page: 134

 

2. During the Second Triumvirate,
3. Pompey became dictator for ten years.
4. and before their final showdown, Octavian forced the third member, Lepidus, to retire.
5. Cleopatra sided with Octavian, insuring his triumph.
6. Julius Caesar was assassinated by a conspiracy led by the Triumvirs themselves.

Answer: B

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 134

 

3. In the division of power over the empire during the Second Triumvirate,
4. Antony took the west; Octavian took the east.
5. Cicero took the west; Antony took the east.
6. Octavian took the west; Antony took the east.
7. Brutus took the west; Octavian took the east.

Answer: C

Difficulty: Hard

Page: 134

 

4. Antony and Octavian attempted to create a bond of alliance between them by arranging
5. for Antony to marry Octavian’s sister, Octavia.
6. for Antony to give his mistress, Cleopatra, to Octavian.
7. to share the consulships of Rome on a permanent basis.
8. to combine their armies for an attack on Parthia.

Answer: A

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 135

 

 

 

5. Antony and Cleopatra lost the Battle of Actium because
6. a great storm destroyed their ships.
7. Octavian possessed much larger forces than Antony.
8. Cleopatra abandoned the battle with her fleet, and Antony followed her.
9. Antony was killed at the beginning of the battle.

Answer: C

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 135

 

6. Rome completed its domination of the Mediterranean when
7. Constantine adopted Christianity.
8. Sulla defeated Mithradates.
9. Nero defeated the Germans.
10. Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra.

Answer: D

Difficulty: Easy

Page: 135

 

7. The government established by Augustus after 27 B.C.E. has come to be called the
8. dictatorship.
9. Royal Realm.
10. democratic republic.
11. principate.

Answer: D

Difficulty: Easy

Page: 135

 

8. During his principate, Augustus did all of the following EXCEPT
9. abolish the Senate because of the great opposition that he found there.
10. continue to allow the appointment of the traditional magistrates to carry out the public business of the Senate and the Roman people.
11. use his personal wealth to balance the budget and rebuild Rome.
12. accept the title “Father of the Fatherland.”

Answer: A

Difficulty: Hard

Page: 135-136

 

9. Augustus improved the organization of imperial government by
10. directly controlling about half of the provinces and sending representatives to govern them.
11. creating a foreign service drawn from men of the equestrian class eager to advance.
12. eliminating private tax collectors.
13. All these answers are correct.

Answer: D

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 136

 

10. The Aeneid, which celebrated the heroic foundation of Rome and the values it cherished, was written by
11. Homer.
12. Livy.
13. Virgil.
14. Tacitus.

Answer: C

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 136

 

11. The next dynasty, that of Vespasian, came to power in 69 C.E. as a result of
12. a bloody civil war fought by the armies to secure the power for their commanders.
13. being elected by the assembly, whose members were tired of Julio-Claudian rule.
14. Vespasian’s success in murdering all remaining members of Augustus’s family.
15. Nero giving up his power when he realized Vespasian was a better man.

Answer: A

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 138

 

12. The dynasty of Augustus, the dynasty of Vespasian, and the era of the “Five Good Emperors” all ended with
13. the accession of an incompetent or viciously immoral son.
14. a Germanic invasion that sacked Rome.
15. an eruption of Vesuvius.
16. a major slave revolt.

Answer: A

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 138, 147

 

13. The trade route by which precious goods moved from China to the Mediterranean was the
14. Han Highway.
15. Red Sea.
16. Silk Road.
17. Suez Canal.

Answer: C

Difficulty: Easy

Page: 142

 

14. Which of the following was NOT a factor holding the Roman Empire together?
15. ferocious repression of all rebellions
16. widely-spread Romanization through citizen colonies and military service
17. local town councils that maintained infrastructure, collected taxes, and loyally reported to the imperial administration
18. well-engineered roads and bridges, with an organized transport system

Answer: A

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 142

 

15. In order to improve the lives of the Romans, Augustus
16. encouraged an opulent lifestyle of luxurious clothes and jewels for the rich.
17. favored the growing gap between rich and poor.
18. promoted legislation to encourage marriage, children, and traditional morality.
19. forced only non-Romans to serve in the military.

Answer: C

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 143

 

16. Which of the following was NOT one of the reasons for Rome’s declining birthrate under the empire?
17. to have fewer children in order to preserve their inheritance intact
18. seriously mistaken views by physicians on sex and female fertility
19. Augustus’s new laws on marriage and family
20. the use of birth control methods and abortion

Answer: C

Difficulty: Hard

Page: 144

 

17. The Colosseum was used for the bloody display of
18. gladiators.
19. wild animal slaughter.
20. mass executions of condemned criminals.
21. All these answers are correct.

Answer: D

Difficulty: Easy

Page: 145

 

18. The bloody displays of arena and circus served the purpose of showing
19. the empire’s dominance over its enemies.
20. the generosity of the emperor who paid for the games, increasing loyalty to him.
21. people how to face death bravely and honorably.
22. All these answers are correct.

Answer: D

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 146-147

 

19. The end of the Roman Peace (Pax Romana) was marked by the
20. death of emperor Marcus Aurelius in 180.
21. suicide of Nero in 68.
22. moving of the capital to Constantinople in 330.
23. crucifixion of Christ in 33.

Answer: A

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 141

 

20. Beginning with the rule of Septimius Severus in 193, the Roman Empire
21. renewed the prosperity and tranquility of the era of the Five Good Emperors.
22. became more militarized, with generals placed in positions of power.
23. expanded, crushing Persia.
24. was defeated by Armenia.

Answer: B

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 147

 

21. The increase of luxury spending by the rich at the height of the empire damaged the economy because
22. money drained from the West to the Far East, where most luxury goods were produced.
23. less money circulated, limiting growth opportunities for the middle class.
24. the Roman poor had to receive increasing food subsidies, further reducing the treasury.
25. many of the wealthy went bankrupt.

Answer: A

Difficulty: Hard

Page: 148

 

22. Which major problem did the Roman Empire face in the late second and third centuries?
23. major plagues
24. economic recession
25. inflation
26. All these answers are correct.

Answer: D

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 148

 

23. Which of the following political and administrative changes did Diocletian NOT make?
24. ending the principate by adopting the title of “lord” and having himself worshiped as a living god
25. returning all civil power to the Senate, which would choose the consuls
26. dividing the empire among four rulers: two augusti, who would each choose a caesar
27. concentrating most of the army at inland bases, to be quickly moved to any threatened part of the border

Answer: B

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 148-149

 

24. The reign of the Roman Emperor Diocletian was notable for
25. the revival of the Senate.
26. vigorous administrative measures and reorganization of the empire.
27. military defeat by the Parthians
28. a return to a simple, republican style of life by the emperor.

Answer: B

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 148-149

 

25. It can be said of the rule of the Roman Emperor Diocletian that
26. he ended the chaos of the past fifty years, but at the cost of weakening the will of many Romans to support public life or fight for the empire.
27. his policy of restoring many republican institutions ultimately weakened imperial rule.
28. his vigorous renewal of pagan religious life prevented the triumph of Christianity for more than a century.
29. he continued the corrupt practices of his predecessors.

Answer: A

Difficulty: Hard

Page: 148-150

 

26. Constantine shifted the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium, later called Constantinople, because
27. he had a major quarrel with the Roman Senate.
28. Rome had been sacked by the Visigoths.
29. he wished to locate the capital nearer to vital military frontiers.
30. he felt more Greek than Roman.

Answer: C

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 151

 

27. The German tribe that was invited to cross the Danube to settle, and then defeated the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople and sacked Rome in 410, was the
28. Ostrogoths.
29. Huns.
30. Visigoths.
31. Franks.

Answer: C

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 151

 

28. The influential philosophy of Neoplatonism held that
29. by living a life of self-mutilation and deprivation, one could approach God.
30. through ecstatic dances and hallucinations, God would come to his followers.
31. each person contained a spark of divinity that could be cultivated through contemplation and proper living.
32. sacrificing regularly to the emperor would assure personal and public benefit.

Answer: C

Difficulty: Hard

Page: 152

 

 

 

 

 

29. Which of the following was NOT a mystery cult?
30. Platonism
31. Isis and Serapis
32. Mithraism
33. cult of Dionysus

Answer: A

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 152-153

 

30. The willingness of many Romans in the imperial period to follow the various mystery religions is evidence of
31. a growing lack of confidence in the emperor.
32. a longing for religious fulfillment that was not satisfied by the worship of traditional gods.
33. the rise of Neoplatonic philosophy during this period.
34. the triumph of Hellenistic science undermining belief in traditional gods.

Answer: B

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 152-153

 

31. The mystery religions
32. reflected the multiculturalism of the Roman Empire because of their diverse cultural origins.
33. reached a peak in the Hellenistic period and declined during Roman rule.
34. were exclusively for female worshipers.
35. were exclusively for male worshipers.

Answer: A

Difficulty: Hard

Page: 153

 

32. Which of the following Jewish groups emphasized violent revolt against the Romans?
33. Pharisees
34. Sadducees
35. Zealots
36. Essenes

Answer: C

Difficulty: Hard

Page: 154

 

33. Which of the following Jewish groups withdrew from society and attempted to live pure lives?
34. Pharisees
35. Sadducees
36. Zealots
37. Essenes

Answer: D

Difficulty: Hard

Page: 154-155

 

34. Which of the following is NOT true of the career of Jesus?
35. He called for the overthrow of the Roman government.
36. He taught a message of peace, love, and care for the suffering and poor.
37. He was reported to have performed miracles and cures.
38. He was seen by his apostles to have risen from the dead after his crucifixion.

Answer: A

Difficulty: Easy

Page: 155

 

35. Paul of Tarsus taught that all followers of Jesus
36. must be circumcised and follow Jewish dietary laws.
37. must follow Jewish dietary laws but didn’t have to be circumcised.
38. needed neither to be circumcised nor to follow Jewish dietary laws.
39. needed to come and sacrifice at the temple in Jerusalem.

Answer: C

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 156

 

36. The culmination of the weekly ceremonies of the early Christians was the Eucharist,
37. a commemoration of the last supper: a sharing of wine and bread.
38. a ritual dance and mock re-enactment of the crucifixion.
39. the sacrifice of a baby and the sharing of its blood.
40. a public procession with crosses to provoke the Romans.

Answer: A

Difficulty: Hard

Page: 157

 

37. The emperor Constantine affected the future of Christianity by
38. ending the persecutions.
39. supporting the church by giving them tax advantages and returning property.
40. building the first great churches and making the holy land a place of pilgrimage.
41. All these answers are correct.

Answer: D

Difficulty: Easy

Page: 158-159

 

38. Once Christianity became the official religion of the empire,
39. the artistic depictions of Christ started to change from the Good Shepherd to the lord of the universe.
40. the organization of the Christian church began to duplicate the civil order of Rome.
41. Christian bishops became bold enough to criticize the conduct of the emperor.
42. All these answers are correct.

Answer: D

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 160-161

 

 

39. The Council of Nicaea
40. proclaimed Constantine to be emperor.
41. stated that Christ had always existed.
42. demanded the persecution of pagans.
43. declared war on the Visigoths.

Answer: B

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 162

 

40. In what way did Christian behavior reshape Roman society?
41. by rejecting celibacy
42. by rejecting gladiatorial games and the exposure of unwanted children
43. by banning the reading of the Homeric epics
44. by banning the observance of the Passover

Answer: B

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 163

 

41. Melania the Younger
42. urged Diocletian to persecute Christians.
43. was famous for her dedication to celibacy and establishment of religious institutions.
44. was the wife of the Visigoth king who sacked Rome, and was noted for her rapacity.
45. was the most famous and influential of the high priestesses of the Serapis cult.

Answer: B

Difficulty: Easy

Page: 165

 

42. In City of God, Augustine argued that even though the city of Rome had been sacked by the Visigoths, Christians should
43. not worry, since the city would be rebuilt.
44. focus on the worthiness of their own souls because the faithful would dominate at the end of time.
45. despair, since this was God’s punishment.
46. work together with the pagans to build the perfect civil society.

Answer: B

Difficulty: Hard

Page: 162-163

 

43. St. Augustine’s attitude toward sexuality was that it was
44. an aspect of original sin that humans were born with and must keep constant vigil against.
45. an expression of God’s love for the pleasure between men and women.
46. only proper with a prostitute, and should be avoided between husband and wife.
47. only to be expressed between man and man or woman and woman.

Answer: A

Difficulty: Easy

Page: 163

 

44. Which of the following was NOT an aspect of the growing monastic movement?
45. a desire to escape from the growing distractions of the world
46. living lives of self-denial in order to concentrate on spiritual values
47. to save money to be used when the empire returned to prosperity
48. to find shared spiritual values in a communal society of Christians

Answer: C

Difficulty: Easy

Page: 164

 

45. In search of spiritual perfection, many early Christians
46. fled to the desert to live as hermits.
47. undertook self-denial, living on minimal food and sleep.
48. formed monastic communities.
49. All these answers are correct.

Answer: D

Difficulty: Easy

Page: 164

 

 

TRUE/FALSE

 

46. Mark Antony deserted his wife Octavia, Octavian’s sister, for Cleopatra of Egypt.

Answer: True

Page: 135

 

47. Augustus was made ruler of the empire, but unfortunately had little money and had to depend on the Senate for funding.

Answer: False

Page: 136

 

48. Augustus refused to allow Romans to worship him as a god.

Answer: True

Page: 136

 

49. Augustus’s successors of his own family were good rulers both professionally and personally.

Answer: False

Page: 137

 

50. The emperor Marcus Aurelius was also a noted Stoic philosopher, who wrote a book called Meditations.

Answer: True

Page: 138

 

 

 

51. Roman roads were so well-built that it was cheaper to send goods by land than by sea.

Answer: False

Page: 142

 

52. Many public buildings throughout the empire were built with money from private philanthropists or the emperor.

Answer: True

Page: 142

 

53. Under the influence of Roman rule, the Greek language died out in the Hellenistic eastern Mediterranean.

Answer: False

Page: 142-143

 

54. In the late empire, the army became the king-makers, leading to instability and frequent changes in imperial rule.

Answer: True

Page: 147

 

55. When Diocletian came to power in 285, he believed the emperor had become too strong, and he re-established democratic assemblies.

Answer: False

Page: 148

 

56. Many mystery cults promised a better afterlife to people disenchanted with the problems of the late empire.

Answer: True

Page: 152

 

57. At the time of Jesus, the Jews were united religiously, politically, and socially.

Answer: False

Page: 155-156

 

58. The apostle Peter agreed with Paul that only circumcised Jews should be admitted to fellowship with the Christian community.

Answer: False

Page: 156

 

59. The destruction of the Temple ended many major divisions within Judaism.

Answer: True

Page: 157

 

 

 

 

60. Early depictions of Christ as the Good Shepherd show him as a simple peasant, but after the church became official and acquired wealth, he was depicted in the royal purple cloth of emperors.

Answer: True

Page: 160

 

61. The Council of Nicaea upheld Arius’s ideas on Christ.

Answer: False

Page: 162

 

62. St. Augustine and other Christian leaders taught that the new Christian state was not incompatible with the church, but should be active in supporting and protecting it.

Answer: True

Page: 163

 

63. Melania the Younger argued that Christians should not practice celibacy.

Answer: False

Page: 165

 

64. Monastic communities were developed by those Christians that wanted to adhere to extreme deprivation and complete abstinence of all earthly pleasures.

Answer: True

Page: 164

 

 

FILL-IN-THE-BLANK

 

65. The Second Triumvirate consisted of Lepidus, Antony, and ________.

Answer: Octavian

Page: 134

 

66. ________ was the Queen of Egypt who had a relationship with both Caesar and Antony.

Answer: Cleopatra

Page: 134

 

67. As emperor, Octavian is usually known as ________, the title given him by the Senate.

Answer: Augustus

Page: 134

 

68. ________ was the author of the epic poem, the Aeneid.

Answer: Virgil

Page: 136

 

 

 

69. The last emperor of Augustus’s family, ________, slit his throat to avoid being captured and executed, saying, “How ugly and vulgar my life has become.”

Answer: Nero

Page: 138

 

70. ________, one of the Five Good Emperors, was a Stoic philosopher.

Answer: Marcus Aurelius

Page: 138

 

71. The main structure at Rome for the display of gladiator fights and mass criminal executions was the ________.

Answer: Colosseum

Page: 145

 

72. The North African general who became emperor and transformed the Roman government into a military dictatorship was ________.

Answer: Septimius Severus

Page: 147

 

73. ________ adopted the title “lord” and attempted to control prices, wages, professions, and worship.

Answer: Diocletian

Page: 148

 

74. The emperor ________ built a new Roman capital in the East.

Answer: Constantine

Page: 151

 

75. As the western empire declined politically and economically, great estates in the provinces called ________ became more self-sufficient.

Answer: latifundia

Page: 151

 

76. Rome was plundered in 410 by a Germanic tribe, the ________.

Answer: Visigoths

Page: 151

 

77. The mystery cult that appealed to soldiers, and whose followers were exclusively men, was ________.

Answer: Mithraism

Page: 153

 

78. Many followers believed Jesus to be the ________, or a savior to the Jews.

Answer: Messiah

Page: 155

 

79. The apostle ________ was primarily responsible for carrying the message of Christ to the Gentiles throughout the empire.

Answer: Paul

Page: 156

 

80. The emperor ________ carried out the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, following the Jewish revolt in 70.

Answer: Titus

Page: 156

 

81. The emperor who extended toleration to Christianity, supported the church, and was eventually baptized on his death bed was ________.

Answer: Constantine

Page: 158-159

 

82. One early Christian who was famous for her insistence on celibacy and who financially supported the establishment of religious institutions was ________ the Younger.

Answer: Melania

Page: 165

 

83. The church father who defined the nature of the church and its relationship to the world in his work, City of God, was ________.

Answer: Augustine

Page: 162

 

 

ESSAY

 

84. What methods did Augustus use to rule as emperor and yet maintain an image of republican freedom?

 

85. What factors led to the corruption of the imperial administration? Give examples, citing particular emperors.

 

86. What were some of the factors that held such an ethnically diverse empire together?

 

87. What problems did the Roman Empire face between the time of the Five Good Emperors and Diocletian, and how did these problems affect the stability of the empire?

 

88. What were some of the methods Diocletian and Constantine used to stop the decline of the empire, and how could some of these actually be causes of decline?

 

89. What were the basic teachings of Jesus, and how did these come into conflict with the religious and political authorities of Judea?

 

90. Explain the differences among the leaders of early Christianity about including Gentiles in their faith, and how they were finally resolved.

 

91. How did asceticism become a part of Christian life, and what effect did it have on the development of Christianity?

 

92. Discuss how local municipal council control, Romanization, the army, and the central administration of the emperor worked together to maintain the Pax Romana for 200 years. What social, economic and demographic problems were not solved during the period of greatest prosperity, and how might they have threatened the future of the empire?

 

93. In what ways, and why, did the government of Diocletian differ from the government of Augustus? What occurred between their reigns to account for the differences?

 

94. What were the religious and philosophical movements that competed with Christianity during the first centuries after Christ? What did Christianity have that caused it to triumph?

 

95. The adoption of Christianity by the Roman Empire created profound transformations in both the early Christian church and the empire itself. Review these changes and consider which might have the longest-standing impact on the future of Western culture.