Chapter 07: Surgical Modalities

Chapter 07: Surgical Modalities

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. An endoscope is a diagnostic or therapeutic instrument that enters the body through a:

a.	natural orifice.
b.	small incision into a body compartment.
c.	externalized sinus tract.
d.	All of the options are correct.

 

 

ANS:  D

An endoscope is a tube inserted into a natural body orifice or through a small incision to access internal organs or structures. Endoscopes are flexible, rigid, or semirigid. Flexible endoscopes include angioscopes, bronchoscopes, choledochoscopes, colonoscopes, cystonephroscopes, hysteroscopes, mediastinoscopes, ureteroscopes, and ureteropyeloscopes. Rigid endoscopes include cystoscopes, laparoscopes, sinuscopes, arthroscopes, bronchoscopes, laryngoscopes, and hysteroscopes.

 

REF:   Page 204

 

2. The light transmission through an endoscope is achieved by way of:

a.	a charge-coupled device chip in the tip of the scope.
b.	a chain of small connected micro light bulbs.
c.	bundles of fiberoptic glass rods.
d.	electrified silicon cables.

 

 

ANS:  C

Endoscopic light is often referred to as cold light, meaning that the heat from the light source is not transmitted through the length of the scope. Fiberoptic endoscopes have an eyepiece with a lens for visualization; the image is carried through the endoscope via a bundle of tiny glass fibers. In 1966 the rod-lens system designed by the British optical physicist Hopkins improved brightness and clarity.

 

REF:   Pages 204-205

 

3. Endoscopic instruments are designed to perform the intervention at the target tissue site through the tubular endoscope. The endoscopic instrument is considered:

a.	an instrument on a stick.
b.	an extension of the surgeon’s hand.
c.	a means to perform hands-free surgery.
d.	surgery without tactile sensation.

 

 

ANS:  B

Endoscopic minimally invasive surgery (MIS) instrumentation has been designed to correspond with the surgical site and the technique used while functioning as an extension of the surgeon’s hand. The length and working end of the instrument must be adequate to perform surgery at the target site.

 

REF:   Page 206

 

4. Flexible fiberscopes and flexible videoscopes share many of the same components; however, in a video gastroscope, the eyepiece and lens of the fiberscope are replaced by a:

a.	CCD image intensifier.
b.	high-definition monitor.
c.	video camera.
d.	light-guided sensor.

 

 

ANS:  C

There are two types of flexible endoscopes: fiberoptic endoscopes and videoscopes.

Fiberoptic endoscopes have an eyepiece with a lens for visualization; the image is carried through the endoscope via a bundle of tiny glass fibers. Videoscopes have, at their distal end, a video chip that provides an image that is directly viewed on a monitor; a videoscope does not have an eyepiece for direct viewing; the eyepiece is replaced with an endoscopic video camera.

 

REF:   Page 204

 

5. The design of laparoscopic instruments aims to provide a clamping, cutting, dissecting, electrocoagulating, suturing, or stapling instrument on the tip of a shaft that is long or short enough to reach the target tissue. The hand control on the surgeon’s end of the instrument is engineered to provide:

a.	ergonomic comfort and control.
b.	smooth operation of the lubricated instrument tips to prevent tissue adherence or entrapment.
c.	a perception of haptic and tactile sense to prevent crushing or losing tissue.
d.	adaptors for monopolar electrosurgery connection and laser fibers.

 

 

ANS:  A

The length and working end of the instrument must be adequate to perform surgery at the target site. The hand control is ergonomically designed for the operator’s maximum comfort and reduced fatigue. Graspers and other instrumentation used by the assistant in surgery often are built for a shorter hand span because many women function in this role.