CHAPTER 21: FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE ALTERATIONS

CHAPTER 21: FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE ALTERATIONS

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Which of the following statements represents a true difference between the fluids and electrolytes of a child compared to those of an adult?

a.	Water constitutes a smaller percent of the body weight of children.
b.	A smaller percent of the body weight is in the extracellular compartment in children.
c.	Infants and children have a relatively greater body surface area than adults.
d.	Infants and children have a lower basal metabolic rate than adults.

 

 

ANS:  C

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect: Water constitutes a higher percent of the body weight of children than adults.
B	Incorrect: A larger percent of the body weight is in the extracellular compartment in children.
C	Correct: Infants and children have a relatively greater body surface area than adults.
D	Incorrect: Infants and children have a higher basal metabolic rate than adults.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 656 – Fluid and Electrolyte Alterations

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

2. Children reach adult water distribution percentages in the body by the time the child is how old?

a.	1 year	c.	5 years
b.	3 years	d.	8 years

 

 

ANS:  C

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect: Children do not reach adult water distribution percentages in the body by the time they are 1 year old.
B	Incorrect: Children do not reach adult water distribution percentages in the body by the time they are 3 years old.
C	Correct: Children reach adult water distribution percentages in the body by the time they are 5 years old.
D	Incorrect: Children do not reach adult water distribution percentages in the body by the time they are 8 years old.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 656 – Fluid and Electrolyte Alterations

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

3. What percentage of an infant’s body water is located in extracellular spaces?

a.	20%	c.	40%
b.	30%	d.	50%

 

 

ANS:  C

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect: Twenty percent of an infant’s body water is not located in extracellular spaces.
B	Incorrect: Thirty percent of an infant’s body water is not located in extracellular spaces.
C	Correct: Forty percent of an infant’s body water is located in extracellular spaces.
D	Incorrect: Fifty percent of an infant’s body water is not located in extracellular spaces.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 656 – Fluid and Electrolyte Alterations

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

4. Which of the following substances is the predominant component of extracellular fluid?

a.	saline	c.	proteins
b.	potassium	d.	phosphate

 

 

ANS:  A

 

	Feedback
A	Correct: Saline is the predominant component of extracellular fluid because it contains large amounts of sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate.
B	Incorrect: Potassium is not the predominant component of extracellular fluid. It is the predominant component of intracellular fluid.
C	Incorrect: Proteins are not the predominant component of extracellular fluid.
D	Incorrect: Phosphate is not the predominant component of extracellular fluid.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 656 – Electrolyte Imbalances        OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

5. Regulation of homeostatic changes associated with fluids and electrolytes in infants and young children is much slower than in adults because of children’s:

a.	proportionately smaller stomach and intestines
b.	immature kidneys and buffering systems
c.	differences in the chemical composition of the body
d.	immature nervous systems

 

 

ANS:  B

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect: The proportionately smaller stomach and intestines in infants and young children are not a factor in the regulation of homeostatic changes associated with fluids and electrolytes.
B	Correct: Regulation of homeostatic changes associated with fluids and electrolytes in infants and young children is much slower than in adults because of children’s immature kidneys and buffering systems. Children need more water to excrete a given amount of solute.
C	Incorrect: Differences in the chemical composition of the body of children compared with adults are not a factor in the regulation of homeostatic changes associated with fluids and electrolytes.
D	Incorrect: Immature nervous systems of infants and children are not a factor in the regulation of homeostatic changes associated with fluids and electrolytes.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 657 – Fluid and Electrolyte Alterations

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension