Chapter 8: Individual Variation in Drug Responses

Chapter 8: Individual Variation in Drug Responses

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

1. A prescriber has ordered a placebo for a patient. Which statement would most accurately reflect the placebo effect of medications?

a.	A placebo effect is caused by psychological factors rather than physiological ones.
b.	When a placebo effect occurs, it indicates that the patient did not have an illness.
c.	A placebo effect is a rare effect seen only with psychotropic medications.
d.	A placebo effect is almost always a positive response that facilitates healing.

 

 

ANS:   A

A placebo effect is caused by psychological factors, not physiological factors.

A placebo effect does not determine whether a patient has an illness.

A placebo is ordered for various reasons; each is individualized and not for specific classifications of drugs only.

A placebo effect may or may not be positive; depending on what the patient believes is the effect on the body.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    p. 79

TOP:    Nursing Process: Diagnosis

MSC:   NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

 

2. A nurse is preparing to administer a drug to a patient. The nurse understands that the route by which bioavailability would most likely be affected is

a.	oral.
b.	subcutaneous.
c.	intramuscular.
d.	intravenous.

 

 

ANS:   A

Oral drugs must undergo a first-pass effect, and those drugs are subject to the acid in the gut, which may affect bioavailability.

Subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous medications are not subject to the first-pass effect or the acidity of the gut, therefore bioavailability is least likely to be affected by these routes.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    p. 81

TOP:    Nursing Process: Diagnosis

MSC:   NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

 

3. A nurse is providing patient education regarding the development of drug tolerance. Which statement made by the nurse is correct with regard to the development of drug tolerance?

a.	Drug tolerance is most often seen with the use of opioids.
b.	The patient will require a greater dosage of drug for the same effect to be achieved if tolerance has developed.
c.	Tolerance depends on the patient’s ability to metabolize the drug.
d.	Addiction may develop if the drug is not fully excreted, leading to tolerance.

 

 

ANS:   B

When a patient is assessed as requiring a greater dosage of a medication to achieve the same effect as with a previously lower dosage, a drug tolerance may have developed.

Drug tolerance may be seen with multiple medications, not only with opiates.

Drug tolerance is not dependent on the patient’s ability to metabolize the drug.

Addiction typically is related to a physiological or psychological need for a drug, not the requirement of a higher dosage.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                  REF:    pp. 78-79

TOP:    Nursing Process: Evaluation

MSC:   NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies