Pharmacology for Nursing Care, 7th Edition by Richard A. Lehne
Pharmacology for Nursing Care, 7th Edition by Richard A. Lehne
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Chapter 8: Individual Variation in Drug Responses
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| a. | A placebo effect is caused by psychological factors rather than physiological ones. |
| b. | When a placebo effect occurs, it indicates that the patient did not have an illness. |
| c. | A placebo effect is a rare effect seen only with psychotropic medications. |
| d. | A placebo effect is almost always a positive response that facilitates healing. |
ANS: A
A placebo effect is caused by psychological factors, not physiological factors.
A placebo effect does not determine whether a patient has an illness.
A placebo is ordered for various reasons; each is individualized and not for specific classifications of drugs only.
A placebo effect may or may not be positive; depending on what the patient believes is the effect on the body.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 79
TOP: Nursing Process: Diagnosis
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
| a. | oral. |
| b. | subcutaneous. |
| c. | intramuscular. |
| d. | intravenous. |
ANS: A
Oral drugs must undergo a first-pass effect, and those drugs are subject to the acid in the gut, which may affect bioavailability.
Subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous medications are not subject to the first-pass effect or the acidity of the gut, therefore bioavailability is least likely to be affected by these routes.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 81
TOP: Nursing Process: Diagnosis
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
| a. | Drug tolerance is most often seen with the use of opioids. |
| b. | The patient will require a greater dosage of drug for the same effect to be achieved if tolerance has developed. |
| c. | Tolerance depends on the patient’s ability to metabolize the drug. |
| d. | Addiction may develop if the drug is not fully excreted, leading to tolerance. |
ANS: B
When a patient is assessed as requiring a greater dosage of a medication to achieve the same effect as with a previously lower dosage, a drug tolerance may have developed.
Drug tolerance may be seen with multiple medications, not only with opiates.
Drug tolerance is not dependent on the patient’s ability to metabolize the drug.
Addiction typically is related to a physiological or psychological need for a drug, not the requirement of a higher dosage.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: pp. 78-79
TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
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