A Systems Approach to Small Group Interaction Stewart Tubbs 11e - Test Bank

A Systems Approach to Small Group Interaction Stewart Tubbs 11e – Test Bank

 

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

 

Chapter 5: Leadership and Social Influence Processes

 

TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS

 

1. Ascribed status is the prestige that goes to people by virtue of their birth.

Answer: True

 

2. Research on flattery as a form of power upholds the belief that “flattery will get you everywhere.

Answer: True

 

3. The power someone has over us because of his/her position, such as a teacher, is considered referent power.

Answer: False

 

4. According to the text, research studies have shown that the “mesomorph” emerges more often as leader than does the “endomorph,” and the “endomorph” emerges more often as the leader than does the “ectomorph.”

Answer: False

 

5. Circumstances theory grew out of the idea that leaders are born, not made.

Answer: False

 

6. Recent research into leadership has suggested that there are no universal characteristics, traits, or styles that lead to success as a leader.

Answer: True

 

7. Functions or behaviors that groups must perform are identifiable behaviors that can be learned by anybody.

Answer: True

 

8. The laissez-faire leader fosters more independence than the autocratic or democratic leader.

Answer: False

 

9. Larson (1993) found that the most effective leaders were those who created a

process in which people have more autonomy.

Answer: False

 

10. The counterdependent person is one who can either take over and lead when the situation

demands or follow the lead of others when that role is more appropriate.

Answer: False

 

 

11. According to Fiedler’s Contingency Leadership Model, task structure is considered as

“weak” or “strong.”

Answer: False

 

12. “Rules” are the written or unwritten laws or codes that identify acceptable behavior.

Answer: False

 

13. A good leader, with good ideas and exciting directions, can generate enthusiasm,

support, and cohesion in a group or organization.

Answer: True

 

14. Avoiding groupthink helps produce more creative and unique ideas to help groups succeed.

Answer: True

 

15. Group cohesiveness begins to emerge in the third of four phases of group development.

Answer: True

 

16. Hersey and Blanchard suggest that for people with low readiness, the need for

socioemotional support is no longer as important as the need for greater freedom.

Answer: False

 

17. According to Hersey and Blanchard, the need for leadership intervention is related to the

amount of readiness.

Answer: True

 

18. According to Posner and Kouzes (1996) leadership cannot be learned.

Answer: False

 

19. One of the lessons Posner and Kouzes (1996) present is that credibility is the foundation of

leadership.

Answer: True

 

20. According to recent research, virtual groups face the SAME issues around social influences

and group norm creation as face-to-face groups.

Answer: True

 

21. The desired outcome of any group is to come to unanimous consent on a decision.

Answer: False

 

 

 

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

 

22. A leader’s behavior differs from that of group members. Which of the following statements

is NOT true regarding leader behavior?

1. Leaders’ remarks are referred to more often than other group members’ remarks.
2. Leaders have a pivotal role in the logical but not emotional aspects of a group.
3. Leaders are usually the first to speak out on a subject.
4. Leaders typically talk more than anyone else.

Answer: B

 

 

23. Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the text?
24. High status tends to result in greater personal power or ability to influence others.
25. Increased power tends to elevate an individual’s status level.
26. Power and status tend to go hand in hand, reciprocally influencing one another.
27. Ascribed status tends to lead to greater power than achieved status.

Answer: D

 

24. The type of status held by a member of the Walton or Rockefeller family is called

____________ status.

1. ascribed
2. achieved
3. high
4. referent

Answer: A

 

25. Which of the following IS NOT an example of ascribed status?
26. Your race
27. Your rank as Captain in the Army
28. Your status as grandchild
29. Your ethnicity

Answer: B

 

26. Which of the following is false?
27. Being male gendered can result in ascribed status in groups.
28. In organizational groups, women are perceived as having a higher ascribed status than men.
29. Differences in status of members of a group may either facilitate or hinder other members from interacting in any type of groups.
30. Social bias and perceived status of group members were both abolished through the use of the GDSS (anonymous group decision support system.

Answer: B

 

27. The formula: “# of successful power acts / # of attempts made” defines which of the

following?

1. ascribed status
2. attained status
3. high status
4. referent status

Answer: B

 

28: Research on flattery found that:

1. It’s a myth that flattery will get you everywhere.
2. The most frequent flatters got the most seats on the board of directors.
3. Ingratiation may work to some degree, but giving substantive advice and professional counsel is a greater influence.
4. Flattery is more common in white-collar organizations than blue-collar organizations.

Answer: B

 

29. The type of power which is held by a judge when he/she determines a court case is:
30. coercive power
31. legitimate power
32. reward power
33. expert power

Answer: B

 

30. After graduating from college, Kim told her teacher, Dr. Crane, that she admired her and

hoped to one day be a teacher, “just like her.” The type of power Dr. Crane held in this case was:

1. reward power
2. expert power
3. referent power
4. legitimate power

Answer: C

 

31. Which of the following is false?
32. People with authority are generally assigned authority through their position level.
33. Some people with assigned authority may not be leaders.
34. Leaders may be the group members without assigned authority.
35. In most cases, leadership and authority are the same thing.

Answer: D

 

32. The earliest view of leadership emphasized:
33. trait
34. function
35. circumstances
36. contingency

Answer: A

 

33. Researchers Eagly and Carli believe that the term __________ conveys more effectively than “glass ceiling” the complexity and vaiety of challenges that women face in trying to get promoted to top positions in organizations.
34. Green Maze
35. Purple Haze
36. Labyrinth
37. Brick Ladder

Answer: C

 

34. A very thin person is referred to as a(n):
35. somatotype
36. ectomorph
37. endomorph
38. mesomorph

Answer: B

 

 

35. The idea of being “at the right place at the right time” is basic to what leadership theory?
36. trait
37. function
38. circumstances
39. contingency

Answer: C

 

36. Geier (1967) identified five negative traits that consistently prevented group members from emerging as leaders. Which of the following IS NOT one of those traits?
37. nonparticipative

B.verbally abusive or offensive

C.interpersonally unattractive

1. uninformed

Answer: C

 

37. A study published in the Harvard Business Review asked leaders, “How can people become

authentic leaders?” Results found that:

1. Authentic leaders have a solid education base, such as college or graduate school.
2. There are no universal characteristics, traits, or styles that lead to success.
3. Authentic leaders have followed specific role models.
4. Most authentic leaders have overcome some trauma in life such as a dealth of a loved one,

bankruptcy, or serious disease.

Answer: B

 

38. The notions of task and people orientation are central aspects of what leadership theory?
39. trait
40. function
41. circumstances
42. contingency

Answer: B

 

39. The leader who has little concern for people and is primarily concerned about task

completion is the:

1. autocrat
2. laissez-faire
3. democrat
4. both A and C

Answer: A

 

40.Which of the following is characteristic of an autocratic or authoritarian leader?

1. comes to meetings late
2. at times encourages group members to discuss irrelevant matters at length
3. allows group discussion to flow in any direction
4. often starts meetings with little or no introduction

Answer: B

 

41. The type of leadership where there is no concern for control, no direction, and no concern for

interpersonal relationships is:

1. autocratic
2. laissez-faire
3. democratic
4. leaderless

Answer: B

 

 

42An independent follower requires an empowering leader. Research suggests

that the practice of employees leads to independent followership

styles.

1. empowering
2. educating
3. forcing
4. encouraging

Answer: A

 

43. Which type of leadership requires the least time to solve problems in the short run?
44. autocratic
45. democratic
46. laissez-faire
47. they are about equal

Answer: A

 

44. Which type of leadership results in the highest long-term member satisfaction?
45. autocratic
46. democratic
47. laissez-faire
48. they are about equal

Answer: B

 

45. According to leadership coach John Hamm, _________ is a leader’s single most critical

management tool for making things happen.

1. a good management team
2. effective technical support
3. having autonomy
4. effective communication

Answer: D

 

46. The military, organized religions, and government and industrial organizations frequently

produce what type of followership?

1. dependent
2. counter-dependent
3. independent
4. both dependent and independent

Answer: A

 

47. Research has shown that followers contribute ________ percent to the success of the

organization while the leader contributes _________ percent.

1. 80; 20
2. 20; 80
3. 40; 60
4. 60; 40

Answer: A

 

48. Leadership theories that are highly consistent with the systems approach utilized in the text

are called ___________ theories.

1. functional
2. trait
3. contingency
4. circumstances

Answer: C

 

49. Which of the following IS NOT one of the factors that determine a leader’s effectiveness,

according to Fiedler and Chemers (1974)?

1. task structure
2. position power
3. leader-member relations
4. personal charisma

Answer: D

 

50. According to the Hersey and Blanchard Model, participating goes best with:
51. a higher level of follower readiness
52. the highest level of follower maturity
53. a moderate amount of both follower readiness and maturity
54. a low level of readiness and maturity

Answer: A

 

 

51. Readiness level, according to Hersey and Blanchard, can be defined in all but one of the

following ways:

1. ability of group members
2. desire to work together
3. level of motivation
4. level of education or experience with the particular task

Answer: B

 

52. The process of changing the viewpoint of the MAJORITY is called:
53. Conversion
54. Normative influence
55. Informational influence
56. Minority influence

Answer: A

 

53. Which of the following is a result of conformity research?
54. Group pressure seldom, if ever, produces conformity
55. Yielding to the group is greater on difficult decisions than on easy ones
56. Personality is the single largest factor in conformity behavior
57. Older people conform less than younger people

Answer: B

 

54. Which of the following is a finding of the conformity research?
55. Conformists are higher in ego strength and in their ability to work in stress situations
56. Conformists tend toward feelings of superiority
57. Conformists are less intelligent
58. Conformists make better leaders than do nonconformists

Answer: C

 

55. In Leavitt’s qualitative study of the four stages of conformity pressure, which is the third

stage that groups exhibit?

1. isolation
2. reason
3. coercion
4. seduction

Answer: C

 

56. According to Leavitt, the stage of conformity pressure in which group members attempt to

appeal to the deviant’s social needs is known as:

1. isolation
2. coercion
3. reason
4. seduction

Answer: D

 

57. According to Janis, which is NOT a symptom of “groupthink”?
58. an illusion of morality
59. an illusion of fairness
60. an illusion of invulnerability
61. an illusion of unanimity

Answer: B

 

 

58. Groups that are particularly vulnerable to groupthink have all BUT ONE of the following

characteristics:

1. they are highly cohesive
2. they have an autocratic leadership style
3. they have a high need for affiliation
4. they are a strongly homogenous group

Answer: D

 

 

59. Phase two in group development, as described in the text, is characterized by:
60. trying to find out about one another
61. settling in to work comfortably as a group
62. arguing over procedures as well as task issues
63. working at maximum productivity

Answer: C

 

60. Phase three in group development is referred to as:
61. reinforcement
62. orientation
63. conflict
64. emergence

Answer: D

 

61.Phase four in group development, as described in the text, is characterized by:

1. trying to find out about one another
2. settling in to work comfortably as a group
3. arguing over procedures as well as task issues
4. working at maximum productivity

Answer: D

 

62. Which of the following is considered task behavior, according to Hersey and Blanchard?
63. giving support
64. active listening
65. providing feedback
66. establishing time lines

Answer: D

 

63. Which of the following is considered relationship behavior, according to Hersey and

Blanchard?

1. goal-setting
2. organizing
3. communicating
4. directing

Answer: C

 

 

64. The four basic leadership styles presented by Hersey and Blanchard are telling, selling,

participating, and:

1. guiding
2. delegating
3. explaining
4. encouraging

Answer: B

 

65. According to Hersey and Blanchard, which of the following IS NOT one of the decisions needed when determining the appropriate leadership style?
66. What is the readiness of the situation?
67. How much commitment do the workers have to the company?
68. What leadership action should be taken?
69. What follow-up, if any, is required?

Answer: B

 

66. Which of the following is one of the 10 lessons identified by Posner and Kouzes (1996)?
67. Leadership is an ongoing process
68. Strong leaders are always effective
69. Leaders can make mistakes, too
70. Leadership’s development is self-development

Answer: D

 

67. These rules outline how decisions are made within the group and how strictly outlined

The group norms are:

1. Boundary
2. Aggregation
3. Position
4. Information

Answer: B

 

 

FILL-IN-THE-BLANKS

 

68. is defined as one’s position or rank relative to the others in a group.

Answer: Status

 

69. The prestige that goes to a person on the merits of his/her own individual accomplishments is

called               status.

Answer: achieved

 

70. Statuses based on inborn characteristics such as gender are called ________ statuses, while

statuses that individuals gained through their own efforts are called ____________ statuses.

Answer: ascribed, achieved

 

71. power is based on the identification with the source of power, for

example, having admiration for someone.

Answer: Referent

 

 

72. theory grew out of the idea that leaders are born, not made.

Answer: Trait

 

73. A very heavy and soft person has what type of somatotype? __________

Answer: endomorph

 

74. The leadership theory that someone can become leader because that person was at the right

place at the right time is called                       theory.

Answer: circumstances

 

75. According to function theory, the two functions that groups must perform are

              orientation and                orientation.

Answer: task; people

 

76. Quality of group output has been found to be better under leadership.

Answer: democratic

 

77. The type of followership that is considered to be rebellious and anti-authoritarian is

called                       .

Answer: counter-dependent

 

78. Instilling a sense of power in subordinates is referred to as

Answer: empowerment

 

79. Standardized patterns of belief, attitude, communication and behavior within groups are

called                  .

Answer: norms

 

80. The phenomenon that a pinpoint of light projected on a wall appears to move even when we know it is stationary is called the .

Answer: autokinetic effect

 

81. behavior, according to Hersey and Blanchard, is the extent to which the

leader engages in defining roles.

Answer: Task

 

82. According to Posner and Kouzes (1996), without , you cannot lead.

Answer: trust

 

SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS

 

84. Explain the difference between “ascribed” and “attained” status. Give examples of each.

Answer: Answers may vary

 

85. French and Raven (1959) provide five types of power. List and define each type of power.

Answer: Answers may vary

 

86. The text provides a historical perspective on the trends related to leadershipDiscuss

evolution of leadership theory from trait theory through contingency theory.

Answer: Answers may vary

 

 

87. I’m in a group and want to be the leader. Given your knowledge of the trait theory and

familiarity with Geier’s five negative traits that prevent people from becoming leaders,

advice would you have for me?

Answer: Answers may vary

 

88. Three types of leadership and their corresponding followership are presented in Chapter 4.

Describe these.

Answer: Answers may vary

 

89.Robbins and Finley (1995) advise us on how to be an effective leader. Using the 14 practical

tips, evaluate your own effectiveness as a leader.

Answer: Answers may vary

 

90. If you’re interested in beconing a leader, it may be helpful to know your strengths and

weaknesses. Tubss presents several practical tips in the form of questions to help assess your

suitability for a leadership position. Choose six questions, and answer them as you assess your

personal leadership potential.

Answer: Answers may vary

 

91. Illustrate Hersey and Blanchard’s contingency model of leadership. Incorporating the

variables associated with each of the four styles of leadership presented in the text, identify a

situation where that leadership style would be most appropriate.

Answer: Answers may vary

 

92. Identify four explicit and four implicit norms that operate in relation to this class. What

function(s) does (do) norms serve in a group setting?

Answer: Answers may vary

 

93. The text describes both situational and individual personal factors associated with

conformity. Describe these.

Answer: Answers may vary

 

 

94. Define groupthink. List the eight symptoms. If you were leader of a group that had groupthink potential, what could you do to prevent it?

Answer: Answers may vary

 

95. The text notes that there are generally four phases of group development. (A) List each of

these four phases. (B) Provide communication examples that would identify each phase. (C) In

which phase do you think this class is?

Answer: Answers may vary

 

96. To determine the best leadership style to use in a given situation, Hersey and Blanchard,

indicate one must make several decisions. Identify these five decisions and clarify.

Answer: Answers may vary

 

97. Discuss group norms and briefly exlain three of your own norms in any small group that you belong to.

Answer: answers may vary

98. What is “closed-mindedness” and discuss how this will influence member participation in a small group.