A Topical Approach to Lifespan Development 9Th Edition By Santrock - Test Bank

A Topical Approach to Lifespan Development 9Th Edition By Santrock – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 05

Test Bank

 

1. According to Esther Thelen, motor behaviors are assembled for perceiving and acting. Her theory is called the _____ theory.
2. bio-psycho-motor
3. B. dynamic systems
4. bio-behavioral
5. perceptual systems

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Motor Development

2. According to the dynamic systems theory, how do infants develop motor skills?
3. A. Infants perceive something new in the environment that motivates them to act. They use their perceptions to fine-tune their movements.
4. Motor development comes about through the unfolding of a genetic plan, or maturation.
5. Motor skills are initially influenced by biology but become increasingly dependent on environmental factors.
6. Infants take bits and pieces of data from sensations and build representations of the world in their minds.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Motor Development

3. What mechanisms help infants survive before they have an opportunity to learn adaptive behavior?
4. A. reflexes
5. motor skills
6. vision and hearing
7. dynamic systems

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Reflexes

4. Infants root in order to
5. find something to grasp.
6. B. find something to suck.
7. calm down.
8. go to sleep.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Reflexes

5. Which statement BEST describes the relationship between the rooting and sucking reflexes?
6. Both involve avoiding toxic substances.
7. B. Rooting involves locating food; sucking involves eating food.
8. Sucking involves eating; rooting involves bonding with a caregiver.
9. Rooting involves grasping a food source; sucking involves locating food.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluation

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Reflexes

6. Baby Chloe startles when she hears a loud sound. She arches her back, throws back her head, and flings out her arms. Which reflex is she demonstrating?
7. sucking
8. B. Moro
9. rooting
10. grasping

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Reflexes

7. Janice strokes the cheek of newborn Robby. He turns his head toward that cheek and opens his mouth. This is an example of the _____ reflex.
8. sucking
9. Moro
10. C. rooting
11. grasping

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Reflexes

8. How is the Moro reflex different from an infant’s shivering, yawning, and sneezing reflexes?
9. It helps an infant ingest food.
10. It helps an infant find food.
11. It is part of an infant’s survival reflexes.
12. D. It is useful only to an infant, not to an adult.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Reflexes

9. Which reflex enables an infant to obtain nourishment?
10. A. sucking
11. Moro
12. grasping
13. rooting

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Reflexes

10. Which reflex involves many responses from the whole body?
11. sucking
12. rooting
13. C. Moro
14. grasping

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Reflexes

11. The Moro reflex is a response to _____, whereas the grasping reflex is a response to _____.
12. A. sound or movement; touch
13. touch; sound or movement
14. smell; sight
15. sight; smell

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Reflexes

12. How long does it take for most infants to establish a sucking style that matches how mothers hold them, how the milk is coming out of the bottle or breast, and the infant’s temperament?
13. one day
14. one week
15. C. several weeks
16. several months

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Reflexes

13. The scientific perspective on infant reflexes has changed over time to suggest
14. less voluntary or directed movement on the part of the infant.
15. a greater role for the mother in helping the infant to develop reflexes.
16. a greater genetic legacy to such reflexes.
17. D. more deliberation and control on the part of the infant.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Reflexes

14. Activities that use large muscles develop
15. the grasping reflex.
16. fine motor skills.
17. C. gross motor skills.
18. the sucking reflex

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Gross Motor Skills

Topic: Infancy

15. Baby Karyn has just learned to sit independently. Approximately how old is she likely to be?
16. 1 year
17. 3 weeks
18. 2 months
19. D. 6 months

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Development of Posture

Topic: Infancy

16. Marta is developing new abilities, such as sitting and standing, but is not yet able to climb or ride on riding toys. Marta is in her
17. A. first year.
18. second year.
19. prenatal stage.
20. reflex stage.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: First Year

Topic: Infancy

17. Infants normally are able to sit, stand, and walk using furniture support ______, and climb and balance their feet in a squatting position _________.
18. within the first 6 months; within the first year
19. B. within the first year; within the second year
20. after 18 months of age; after 24 months of age
21. after 1 year of age; after 2 years of age

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: First Year

Topic: Infancy

18. What component of the process of walking do infants first master?
19. crouching and hip movements
20. stabilizing balance on one leg
21. C. forward stepping movement
22. alternating arm swings

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Second Year

19. Well-developed gross motor skills allow infants to become more independent. Independence is important because it:
20. is a prerequisite for the development of fine motor skills.
21. B. allows more and different kinds of interactions with the environment.
22. fosters greater numbers of dendritic connections in muscle tissue.
23. allows infants to strengthen the bonds with their primary caregivers.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Second Year

20. Infants start to be able to walk
21. as soon as they can make alternating leg movements.
22. before they can make alternating leg movements.
23. as soon as they can produce forward stepping movements.
24. D. only after they are able to balance on one leg long enough to swing the other leg forward and shift their weight without falling.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Learning to Walk

21. Miri can walk quickly and run stiffly for a short distance. She loves to stand and kick her soccer ball. Miri is likely between the ages of _____ months.
22. 9 and 12
23. 13 and 18
24. C. 18 and 24
25. 36 and 48

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: First Year

Topic: Infancy

22. To foster faster motor development in infants, which of the follow practices can be effective?
23. giving infants opportunities for exercise
24. stroking, massaging, or stretching the babies
25. frequently exercising the babies’ trunk and pelvic muscles
26. D. All of these answers are correct.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: First Year

Topic: Infancy

23. Infants are likely to reach motor milestones at different ages depending on the culture. This is probably due to
24. climate and nutrition
25. B. activity opportunities and physical manipulation.
26. genetic inheritance and nutrition.
27. climate and activity opportunities.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Cultural Variations

Topic: Infancy

24. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding gross motor activity during middle and late childhood?
25. Only one child in a thousand can hit a tennis ball over the net at the age of 11.
26. Girls usually outperform boys in large-muscle activities until adolescence when the opposite is true.
27. C. Elementary-aged boys usually outperform girls in large-muscle activities.
28. Children at this age can master activities such as running, climbing, and skipping rope. However, once they master them, they don’t find them pleasant and enjoyable anymore.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 2.3: Engage in innovative and integrative thinking and problem solving

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyze

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Gross Motor Skills

Topic: Middle and Late Childhood

25. Joey is the best batter on his little league team. Which of the following is a consequence of playing organized sports that Joey may encounter?
26. unrealistic expectations for academic success
27. focusing more on academic work
28. C. unrealistic expectations for success as an athlete
29. limitations on developing peer relations and friendships

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Gross Motor Skills

Topic: Middle and Late Childhood

26. Playing organized sports can have which of the following negative effects on a child?
27. A. undue pressure and stress to achieve and win
28. overly developed muscle mass
29. decreased cognitive functioning
30. increased peer pressure for substance abuse

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Gross Motor Skills

Topic: Middle and Late Childhood

27. Peak physical performance usually occurs during
28. adolescence.
29. B. the 20s.
30. the 30s.
31. the 40s.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Early Adulthood

Topic: Gross Motor Skills

28. Which of the following athletes would MOST likely show peak performance during adolescence?
29. golfer
30. B. swimmer
31. sprinter
32. marathon runner

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Adolescence

Topic: Gross Motor Skills

29. Brent’s biological functions are beginning to decline. How old is he?
30. 65
31. 50
32. 45
33. D. 30

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Gross Motor Skills

Topic: Middle Adulthood

30. Tom wants to attend his son’s little league game. His son is embarrassed by Tom’s loud cheering, though, and asks Tom not to come. What should Tom do?
31. go anyway and cheer
32. go but not cheer
33. go but hide so his son can’t see him
34. D. respect his son’s wishes and stay home

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Gross Motor Skills

31. Gross motor skills include activities such as running, whereas fine motor skills include activities such as
32. jumping.
33. gymnastics.
34. C. cutting with scissors.
35. crab walking.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Fine Motor Skills

32. What skills involve movements such as buttoning a shirt or typing?
33. A. fine motor
34. gross motor
35. reflexes
36. perceptual-motor

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Fine Motor Skills

33. Tammy is middle-aged and walks daily with her friends. Research shows that she can expect which of the following in older adulthood?
34. a higher risk of obesity
35. arthritis in her knees and hips
36. the same level of motor ability loss as her non-walking counterparts
37. D. a lower level of motor ability loss

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Gross Motor Skills

Topic: Late Adulthood

34. Rachel Clifton and colleagues (1993) demonstrated that infants
35. have to see their own hands in order to reach for an object.
36. B. do not have to see their own hands in order to reach for an object.
37. have good control over their fine motor skills as early as a few days after birth.
38. cannot use cues from muscles, tendons, and joints to guide their reaching until after they are over 12 months of age.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Fine Motor Skills

Topic: Infancy

35. A significant achievement in an infant’s interactions with the environment is the
36. A. onset of reaching and grasping.
37. grasping reflex.
38. Moro reflex.
39. sucking reflex.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Fine Motor Skills

Topic: Infancy

36. Three-year-olds scribble all over the page, but 4-year-olds can make more precise drawings because 4-year-olds have more developed
37. grasping abilities.
38. B. fine motor skills.
39. gross motor skills.
40. palmer grasping abilities.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Early Childhood

Topic: Fine Motor Skills

37. Baby Jasmina is sitting in her high chair and picks up Cheerios using her thumb and forefinger. This newfound ability is due to the development of
38. the palmer grasp.
39. B. the pincer grip.
40. gross motor skills
41. reaching ability

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Fine Motor Skills

Topic: Infancy

38. Baby Ty reaches and grips a toy using his whole hand. This ability is called the
39. A. palmer grasp.
40. pincer grasp.
41. gross motor skill.
42. “sticky mittens” experience.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Fine Motor Skills

Topic: Infancy

39. The “sticky mittens” studies found that
40. gross motor development determines fine motor development.
41. experience is irrelevant to the development of fine motor skills.
42. C. experience plays a role in the development of grasping and manipulating objects.
43. experience plays a role in grasping but not manipulation of objects.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Fine Motor Skills

Topic: Infancy

40. Which of the following reasons BEST explains why 4-year-old Tanisha might knock over a tower of blocks she is building and start again?
41. She fails to place a block squarely on the stack she is assembling.
42. B. She tries too hard to place every block perfectly.
43. She makes careless movements because she doesn’t pay enough attention to what she is doing.
44. Knocking the tower down is more interesting than building it up.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 2.3: Engage in innovative and integrative thinking and problem solving

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyze

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Early Childhood

Topic: Fine Motor Skills

41. Third-grader Thania forms her cursive letters in small even rows. What BEST accounts for her improving dexterity?
42. better developed gross motor skills
43. B. increased myelination
44. bone ossification
45. increased muscle development

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Fine Motor Skills

Topic: Middle and Late Childhood

42. Which of the following statements is TRUE of fine motor skill development during middle and late childhood?
43. Increased myelination affects the development of gross motor skills, but not fine motor skills.
44. Letter size becomes bigger and more even with age.
45. Boys usually outperform girls in fine motor skills.
46. D. Girls usually outperform boys in fine motor skills.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Fine Motor Skills

Topic: Middle and Late Childhood

43. Sound waves transmitted to David’s auditory nerve create _____. David’s reinterpretation of the sound waves as the school bell is _____.
44. an affordance; perception
45. perception; affordance
46. perception; sensation
47. D. a sensation; perception

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Sensation and Perception

44. Sensation occurs when information
45. A. interacts with sensory receptors—the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin.
46. is interpreted by the brain.
47. affects organs such as the heart and lungs.
48. interacts with the brain, but the brain cannot make any meaning interpretations.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Sensation and Perception

45. Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between sensation and perception?
46. Sensation and perception are independent processes.
47. Sensation occurs after perception.
48. C. Perception cannot occur unless sensation takes place first.
49. Perception involves information interacting with sensory receptors, while sensation involves meaningful interpretations.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Sensation and Perception

46. In order for David to realize that he heard the train approaching fast, it has to involve the process(es) of
47. sensation.
48. perception.
49. C. both sensation and perception.
50. neither sensation nor perception.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Sensation and Perception

47. Eleanor and James Gibson purport that all objects and surfaces offer opportunities for people to perform activities on them based on said person’s capabilities. They refer to such opportunities as
48. sensations.
49. B.
50. perceptions.
51. ecological views.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Ecological View

48. According to the ecological view of sensory-perceptual development, how do we perceive and eventually represent objects in our minds?
49. We take bits and pieces of data from sensations and build up representations of the world.
50. Environmental stimuli motivate us to fine-tune gross and fine motor movements in order to act.
51. C. We directly and accurately perceive information that exists in the world around us, known as affordances, which guide the way we interact and adapt to the world.
52. We first act on the world, and through action, we develop our perception.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Ecological View

49. Eighteen-month-old Bridger is running in the park when he reaches a steep embankment. He stops, looks up, and then drops to his hands and knees and begins crawling up. This illustrates the concept of
50. sensation.
51. perception.
52. C.
53. visual acuity.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Ecological View

Topic: Infancy

50. Robert Fantz measured how long an infant looks at different visual stimuli. Which experimental method is this?
51. habituation
52. dishabituation
53. high-amplitude sucking
54. D. visual preference

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Visual Preference Method

51. Which of the following methods should Dr. Kim use if she wants to determine whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another?
52. visual preference
53. habituation-dishabituation
54. high-amplitude sucking
55. D. All of these answers are correct.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Visual Preference Method

52. Which of the following is used in habituation studies?
53. sucking behavior
54. heart and respiration rates
55. the length of time an infant looks at an object
56. D. All of these answers are correct.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Visual Preference Method

53. When a 2-day-old infant consistently shows a visual preference for a bull’s-eye pattern over a checkerboard pattern, we know that the infant
54. has normal 20/20 vision.
55. can see fine details as well as adults can.
56. C. can see the difference between the two patterns (stimuli).
57. recognizes circles more quickly than squares.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Visual Preference Method

54. What is the name given to decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus?
55. A. habituation
56. dishabituation
57. visual preference
58. affordance

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Visual Preference Method

55. As measured on the Snellen chart, a newborn’s vision is estimated to be
56. 20/100.
57. B. 20/240.
58. 20/150.
59. 20/50.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Visual Acuity

56. William James said that the newborn’s perceptual world is “a blooming, buzzing confusion.” What did he mean by this (now disproved) idea?
57. The newborn’s environment is loud.
58. The newborn has advanced skills in hearing even soft sounds.
59. C. The newborn lacks the perceptual skills to make sense of the surrounding stimuli.
60. The newborn can see clearly, but hearing is not well developed.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Visual Perception

57. Baby Jacci, who is 2 days old, is shown four drawings: a blue square, a white oval, a drawing of a face, and a bright red circle. Based on Fantz’s work, which will she probably prefer to look at?
58. the oval
59. B. the face
60. the square
61. the bright red circle

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Visual Acuity

58. Su-Fang would like to hang one picture above her baby’s crib. Which of the following would attract the MOST attention from the infant?
59. a red circle
60. B. a drawing of a face
61. a bright yellow oval
62. a bright white square

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Visual Acuity

59. At what age is an infant able to distinguish male from female faces and discriminate between ethnic groups?
60. 2 days
61. 10 days
62. C. 3 months
63. 1 years

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Visual Acuity

60. Christopher knows that the ball he is holding is smaller than the dog across the street, even though the retinal image of the dog is actually smaller than that of the ball. This is an example of
61. perceptual shape constancy.
62. B. size constancy.
63. depth perception.
64. accommodation of the eye.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Perceptual Constancy

61. Baby Mary recognizes the table as in the same shape, even though the table appears in different shapes depending on the angle from which it is observed. This is an example of
62. size constancy.
63. depth perception.
64. C. shape constancy.
65. accommodation of the eye.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Perceptual Constancy

62. From the top of the Ferris wheel, the people on the ground look small, but Allison knows they are regular-sized humans. This is an example of
63. accommodation of the eye.
64. depth perception.
65. shape constancy.
66. D. size constancy.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Perceptual Constancy

63. In the Gibson-Walk experiment, most of the babies who were encouraged to crawl across the glass over the visual cliff would
64. crawl across it without hesitation.
65. B. not crawl across it.
66. crawl across it if their mothers coaxed them.
67. crawl across it, but showed a significant increase in heart rate indicating anxiety.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Depth Perception

Topic: Infancy

64. Many preschool children are _____, and first graders ______.
65. farsighted; become more farsighted until late childhood.
66. B. farsighted; can focus their eyes and sustain their attention on close-up objects.
67. nearsighted; become farsighted until late childhood.
68. nearsighted; can focus their eyes and sustain their attention on close-up objects.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Early Childhood

Topic: Visual Perception

65. Robert’s teacher notices that he keeps blinking his eyes and squinting to see the board. These are signs that Robert may have
66. attention deficit disorder.
67. B. vision problems.
68. color blindness.
69. presbyopia.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Visual Perception

66. Two-year-old Saunder rubs his eyes, squints, tilts his head, and blinks excessively. Saunder’s parents should
67. give him more daytime naps.
68. encourage more nighttime sleep.
69. C. make an appointment with an ophthalmologist.
70. wait for the results of the kindergarten vision screening.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Visual Perception

67. Fifty-two-year-old Curtis is beginning to lose his ability to focus and maintain images on his retina. This condition is known as
68. macular degeneration.
69. cataracts.
70. glaucoma.
71. D.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Middle Adulthood

Topic: Visual Acuity

68. Kyle has progressive presbyopia. What is likely to help correct this condition?
69. bifocal glasses
70. intraocular glasses
71. laser surgery
72. D. All of these answers are correct.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Middle Adulthood

Topic: Visual Acuity

69. Forty-seven-year-old Dixie is able to read better when she holds the book further from her face. The recent decline in her visual acuity is common among individuals her age and is known as
70. glaucoma.
71. macular degeneration.
72. dark adaptation.
73. D.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Middle Adulthood

Topic: Visual Acuity

70. Al avoids driving at night because it is difficult for his eyes to adjust after he passes oncoming cars. Al is having a problem with
71. A. dark adaptation.
72. depth perception.
73. presbyopia.
74. his blind spot.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Middle Adulthood

Topic: Visual Acuity

71. Thora’s grandson has noticed that Thora uses increasingly brighter colors and larger shapes in her paintings. Thora may be compensating for
72. glaucoma.
73. B. a reduction in the quality or intensity of light reaching the retina.
74. a problem with dark adaptation.
75. presbyopia.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Middle Adulthood

Topic: Visual Acuity

72. Compared to younger drivers, older drivers
73. show a decline in motion sensitivity.
74. need to expend more cognitive effort when driving.
75. overestimate the time needed for an approaching vehicle to reach its location.
76. D. All of these answers are correct

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Late Adulthood

Topic: Visual Acuity

73. Ilene has difficulty visually negotiating steps and street curbs. She is having a problem with
74. dark adaptation.
75. B. depth perception.
76. presbyopia.
77. a growing blind spot.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Depth Perception

Topic: Late Adulthood

74. Stella has just returned from the doctor and was told she has cloudy areas in the lenses of her eyes. Stella has
75. glaucoma.
76. dark adaptation.
77. macular degeneration.
78. D.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Diseases of the Eye

Topic: Late Adulthood

75. Will is going to have surgery to remove a thick layer on his eye that is causing cloudy vision. He has
76. glaucoma.
77. macular degeneration.
78. C.
79. presbyopia.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Diseases of the Eye

Topic: Late Adulthood

76. Allan is having laser surgery to repair the deterioration of his retina. He has
77. glaucoma.
78. presbyopia.
79. cataracts.
80. D. macular degeneration.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Diseases of the Eye

Topic: Late Adulthood

77. The disease marked by retina deterioration is called
78. glaucoma.
79. cataracts.
80. C. macular degeneration.
81. presbyopia.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Diseases of the Eye

Topic: Late Adulthood

78. Harley’s ophthalmologist is glad he came in. She gives him eye drops to treat a buildup of fluid that can destroy his vision if it goes untreated. Harley has
79. presbyopia.
80. macular degeneration.
81. C.
82. cataracts.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Diseases of the Eye

Topic: Late Adulthood

79. Eyedrops are used to treat
80. macular degeneration.
81. B.
82. cataracts.
83. presbyopia.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Diseases of the Eye

Topic: Late Adulthood

80. DeCasper and Spence (1986) measured babies’ sucking rates as they listened to a story they had heard in the womb (The Cat in the Hat) and to a story they had not heard (The King, the Mice, and the Cheese). The study concluded that
81. amniotic fluid blocks sound waves from reaching the fetus.
82. the fetus could not learn before birth, but infants can learn right after birth.
83. C. the fetus could learn even before birth.
84. the infants showed equal interest in both stories.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Hearing

Topic: Infancy

81. We know that fetuses can hear before birth because newborns
82. show an aversion to loud noises.
83. B. show specific responses for sounds presented repeatedly before birth.
84. go to sleep while hearing lullabies.
85. respond more when hearing sounds that were not presented before birth.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Hearing

Topic: Infancy

82. Which sound is an infant most likely to hear?
83. low-pitched, whisper volume
84. low-pitched, conversational volume
85. high-pitched, whisper volume
86. D. high-pitched, conversational volume

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Hearing

Topic: Infancy

83. Which of the following is TRUE of infants’ auditory development?
84. Infants are more sensitive to the pitch of a sound than adults are.
85. B. Immediately after birth, infants cannot hear soft sounds as well as adults.
86. Infants cannot distinguish the location from which a sound originates.
87. A fetus can hear sounds during only the last 2 weeks of pregnancy.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Hearing

Topic: Infancy

84. About _____ newborns are deaf, and ______ newborns have some level of hearing problems.
85. 1 in 10; 2 in 10
86. 1 in 100; 5 in 100
87. C. 1 in 1,000; 6 in 1,000
88. 1 in 10,000; 6 in 10,000

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Hearing

Topic: Infancy

85. What percentage of adults over 70 years of age has some type of hearing problem?
86. 15 percent
87. 22 percent
88. 54 percent
89. D. 63 percent

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Hearing

Topic: Late Adulthood

86. Fifteen percent of people over 65 are legally deaf usually due to degeneration of the primary neural receptor for hearing in the inner ear, referred to as
87. A. the cochlea.
88. the eardrum.
89. the retina.
90. glaucoma.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Hearing

Topic: Late Adulthood

87. Infant boys often drift into a deep sleep after circumcision. This is most likely
88. A. a mechanism to cope with the pain.
89. an indication that infants don’t feel pain.
90. an indication that infants feel excessive pain in such surgeries.
91. an indication that such surgery can sooth the infants.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Pain

88. Which of the following is true of older adults’ experience of touch and pain?
89. There are no changes in touch and pain with age.
90. B. Older adults detect touch less in their ankles than their shoulders.
91. Older adults detect touch less in their wrists than their knees.
92. Older adults rarely report any persistent pain.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Late Adulthood

Topic: Pain

Topic: Touch

89. Six-day-old Shayli has been breast fed and is presented with two nursing pads. One is soaked with her mother’s breast milk, and the other is clean. Shayli will MOST likely
90. show no preference for smelling either nursing pad.
91. B. prefer to smell her mother’s nursing pad.
92. prefer to smell the clean nursing pad.
93. show no response to either nursing pad unless she is hungry.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Smell

90. Which of the following statements is true regarding smell and taste in the elderly?
91. These senses do not decline as we age.
92. B. Smell declines more than taste.
93. Healthy elderly adults are less likely to experience a decline in both smell and taste than unhealthy elderly adults.
94. Smell declines, but taste becomes more sensitive as we age.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Late Adulthood

Topic: Smell

Topic: Taste

91. Research indicates that babies are first able to use their sense of taste _____ birth.
92. A. before
93. right after
94. by 1 weeks after
95. by 6 weeks after

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Taste

92. Which taste preference develops at about 4 months of age?
93. sweet
94. sour
95. C. salty
96. bitter

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Taste

93. Brenda’s grandmother is 83 years old. Of the following, the most likely reason she doesn’t show much interest in her food is that
94. medication has caused her sensitivity to odors to increase.
95. activity has increased in the olfactory pathways of her brain.
96. her sense of taste has declined.
97. D. her sense of smell has declined.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Late Adulthood

Topic: Taste

94. Which of the following is an example of intermodal perception?
95. A child can both watch and hear children playing outside in the snow.
96. A child listens to soft music while falling asleep.
97. C. A child hears the sound of the movement of an object, and turns her head in the rough direction to where the object is moving.
98. A child requires a cochlear implant for hearing.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Intermodal Perception

95. If infants are able to engage in intermodal perception, this means they are able to
96. isolate the sensory source of information.
97. B. integrate information across different senses into one unified piece of information.
98. sense visual and auditory stimuli at the same time.
99. identify information from different senses and keep them separate.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Intermodal Perception

96. What are the current findings of intermodal perception?
97. Intermodal perception is developed early in infancy.
98. B. Newborns are born with some intermodal capabilities, but they improve through experience.
99. A person’s intermodal perception is not coordinated until middle childhood.
100. Experience is not essential to the development of intermodal perception.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Intermodal Perception

97. An infant as young as 3 and ½ years old will look more at his mother when he also hears her voice. This is an example of
98. bonding between the child and mother.
99. shape constancy.
100. C. intermodal perception
101. size constancy.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Intermodal Perception

98. Dr. Smith believes that the ability to perceive the world in a competent, organized way is innate. Dr. Smith seems to uphold the
99. empiricist view.
100. B. nativist view.
101. intermodal perception.
102. ecological view.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Basic

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Nature and Nurture

99. Dr. Dre is interested in how people assemble motor behaviors for perceiving and acting. He is taking a _____ in perceptual development.
100. A. dynamic systems approach
101. ecological approach.
102. nativist approach
103. behavioral approach

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Discuss the connection between perception and action.

Topic: Perceptual-Motor Coupling

100. Dr. Samuelson is interested in how perception guides action and how action guides perception. He is taking a ______ in perceptual development.
101. genetic determination approach
102. B. ecological approach
103. nativist approach
104. behavioral approach

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Discuss the connection between perception and action.

Topic: Perceptual-Motor Coupling

101. Evangeline is 80 years old and is involved in a program designed to enhance speed of processing in an effort to reduce her risk of crashing while driving. This program involves:
102. education.
103. B. cognitive training.
104. dynamic systems training.
105. perceptual-action coupling.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Discuss the connection between perception and action.

Topic: Late Adulthood

Topic: Perceptual-Motor Coupling

102. A program that has been shown to reduce at-fault accidents in older adults by more than 40 percent is:
103. education.
104. B. cognitive training.
105. dynamic systems training.
106. perceptual-action coupling.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Discuss the connection between perception and action.

Topic: Late Adulthood

Topic: Perceptual-Motor Coupling

103. Briefly describe Thelen’s dynamic systems theory.

Infants assemble motor skills for perceiving and acting. In order to develop motor skills, infants must perceive something in the environment that motivates them to act and use their perceptions to fine-tune their movements.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Motor Development

104. List and briefly describe three infant reflexes.
105. Sucking: sucks automatically
106. Grasping: grasps tightly when palm is stroked
107. Moro: back arches, head is thrown back, arms and legs fling out and then rapidly close toward the center of the body
108. Rooting: head turns, mouth opens when cheek is stroked

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Reflexes

105. Define gross and fine motor skills, and give an example of each.
106. Gross motor skills involve large muscle activities. Examples: moving arms and walking.
107. Fine motor skills involve more finely tuned movements. Examples: finger dexterity, coordination of the thumb and forefinger, hand-eye coordination, hand rotation.

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Fine Motor Skills

Topic: Gross Motor Skills

106. List three positive and three negative consequences of participation in children’s sports.

Positive:

1. Exercise
2. Learning how to compete
3. Increased self-esteem
4. Learning persistence
5. Lowering chance of obesity
6. Meeting new friends
7. Increased physical fitness

 

Negative:

1. Pressure to achieve and win
2. Physical injuries
3. Distraction from academic work
4. Unrealistic expectations for athletic success
5. Possible concussions in football and soccer

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Gross Motor Skills

Topic: Middle and Late Childhood

107. List three “dos” and three “don’ts” for parents and coaches of children in sports.

Dos:

1. Make sports fun.
2. Remember that it is okay and expected that children make mistakes.
3. Allow children to ask questions.
4. Show respect for a child’s participation.
5. Be positive with the child, compliment child’s effort.
6. Be a good example and a positive role model.

 

Don’ts:

1. Yell or scream at the child.
2. Condemn the child for poor play.
3. Point out errors in front of others.
4. Expect the child to learn something immediately.
5. Ridicule or make fun of the child.
6. Make sports all work and no fun.
7. Compare the child to others.
8. Expect the child to become a professional.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Gross Motor Skills

Topic: Middle and Late Childhood

108. Contrast sensation with perception.

Sensation occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors—eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin. Perception is the interpretation of what is sensed.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyze

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Sensation and Perception

109. Briefly describe Eleanor and James Gibson’s ecological view.

We directly perceive information that exists around us. Perception brings us into contact with the environment in order to interact with and adapt to it. Perception is designed for action.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.

Topic: Ecological View

110. Briefly explain the concept of “affordances.”

Affordances are opportunities for interaction offered by objects that are necessary to perform activities. We perceive affordances by sensing information from the environment. As we become more experienced, we better understand what interactions objects “afford” and we adjust our actions accordingly.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Ecological View

111. Define habituation and dishabituation.

Habituation: decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus

Dishabituation: recovery of a habituated response after a change in stimulation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Ecological View

112. Define and give an example of size and shape constancy.

Size constancy: recognition that an object remains the same even though the retinal image of the object changes. (Any example involving an understanding that the size of an object stays the same even though it may appear smaller or larger depending on the distance or vantage point.) Shape constancy: recognition that an object remains the same shape even though its orientation to us changes. (Any example involving an understanding that the shape of an object remains the same even though it may appear otherwise depending on the viewing angle.)

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Perceptual Constancy

113. List and describe two diseases that can impair the vision of older adults.
114. Cataracts: thickening of the lens of the eye that causes vision to become cloudy, opaque, and distorted.
115. Glaucoma: damage to the optic nerve due to pressure created by a buildup of fluid in the eye.
116. Macular degeneration: deterioration of the macula of the retina.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Diseases of the Eye

Topic: Late Adulthood

114. Define intermodal perception.

Intermodal perception: the ability to relate and integrate information from two or more sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Intermodal Perception

115. Compare and contrast the nativist versus empiricist view of perceptual development.

Nativists believe that the ability to perceive the world in a competent, organized way is inborn or innate.

Empiricists emphasize learning and experience.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.

Topic: Nature and Nurture

116. Define perceptual-motor coupling, and describe how this concept applies to an infant’s development.

Perceptual-motor coupling: Action guides perception, and perception guides action. Babies continually coordinate their movements with perceptual information to learn how to maintain balance, reach for objects in space, and move across various surfaces and terrains.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

APA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Learning Objective: Discuss the connection between perception and action.

Topic: Infancy

Topic: Perceptual-Motor Coupling

 

Category                                                                                                                                         # of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation                                                                                                                              116

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology                                116

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology                                                                                            39

APA Outcome: 2.3: Engage in innovative and integrative thinking and problem solving                                           2

APA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes                                                                  6

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyze                                                                                                                                        3

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply                                                                                                                                           38

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluation                                                                                                                                    1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember                                                                                                                                    39

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand                                                                                                                                   35

Difficulty Level: Basic                                                                                                                                                  41

Difficulty Level: Difficult                                                                                                                                             2

Difficulty Level: Moderate                                                                                                                                            73

Learning Objective: Describe how motor skills develop.                                                                                             48

Learning Objective: Discuss the connection between perception and action.                                                              5

Learning Objective: Outline the course of sensory and perceptual development.                                                        63

Topic: Adolescence                                                                                                                                                       1

Topic: Cultural Variations                                                                                                                                             1

Topic: Depth Perception                                                                                                                                                2

Topic: Development of Posture                                                                                                                                    1

Topic: Diseases of the Eye                                                                                                                                            7

Topic: Early Adulthood                                                                                                                                                 1

Topic: Early Childhood                                                                                                                                                 3

Topic: Ecological View                                                                                                                                                6

Topic: Fine Motor Skills                                                                                                                                               12

Topic: First Year                                                                                                                                                           4

Topic: Gross Motor Skills                                                                                                                                             12

Topic: Hearing                                                                                                                                                               7

Topic: Infancy                                                                                                                                                               59

Topic: Intermodal Perception                                                                                                                                        5

Topic: Late Adulthood                                                                                                                                                  17

Topic: Learning to Walk                                                                                                                                               1

Topic: Middle Adulthood                                                                                                                                              6

Topic: Middle and Late Childhood                                                                                                                               7

Topic: Motor Development                                                                                                                                           3

Topic: Nature and Nurture                                                                                                                                            2

Topic: Pain                                                                                                                                                                    2

Topic: Perceptual Constancy                                                                                                                                         4

Topic: Perceptual-Motor Coupling                                                                                                                               5

Topic: Reflexes                                                                                                                                                              12

Topic: Second Year                                                                                                                                                       2

Topic: Sensation and Perception                                                                                                                                   5

Topic: Smell                                                                                                                                                                  2

Topic: Taste                                                                                                                                                                   4

Topic: Touch                                                                                                                                                                 1

Topic: Visual Acuity                                                                                                                                                     10

Topic: Visual Perception                                                                                                                                               4

Topic: Visual Preference Method                                                                                                                                 5