Alcohol Other Drugs And Behavior 2nd Edition By Jung – Test bank

 

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Chapter 5

 

1. Drugs that must be absorbed through the stomach have a __________ impact whereas drugs that require inhalation have a _____________ impact on the brain.

 

1. Quicker, slower
2. Lower, higher
3. Slower, quicker
4. Higher, lower

 

2. Smoking as a means of drug delivery is:

 

1. very fast and produces potent effects on the brain
2. damages the lungs because of the high temperature
3. are weaker as they bypass the acidity of the stomach
4. involves detoxification on its first pass through the body

 

3.The carbon monoxide (CO) produced by smoking cigarettes:

 

1. binds to hemoglobin better than with oxygen
2. increases delivery of oxygen throughout the body
3. is reduced by combustion
4. is known as second hand smoke

 

4. Match the following terms to their definitions

 

1. Peripheral Nervous System d.	a. The gap separating each neuron from nearby neurons
2. Somatic Nervous system  i.	b. Chemicals created in the neurons and stored in vesicles of cell bodies near the end of the axon
3. Autonomic Nervous System  n.	c. Receiving neuron
4. Sympathetic nervous system  h	d. Receives stimuli from outside the body along peripheral nerve receptors to send input to the spinal cord.
5. Parasympathetic nervous system   k.	e. A process involving the addition of phosphate to the receptor sites, which impairs G protein activity within the cells
6. Central nervous system l.	f. Important regulator of mood and consummatory behavior such as eating
7. Medulla  m.	Important mid brain center for pain receptors and contains many receptors for endogenous opiates
8. Cerebellum  q.	h. Activated in circumstances that threaten an individual’s well being by enabling behaviors to promote survival
9. Locus coeruleus  p.	i. Controls the striated muscles and receptor organs that we have some control over
10. Hypothalamus  o.	j. Inhibitory neurotransmitters that reduce neural activity
11. Amygdala  s.	k. Works through the activation of acetylcholine to achieve homeostasis of bodily functions and restores resting levels
12. Periaqueductal gray g.	l. is comprised of the brain and the spinal cord and processes information from all parts of the body
13. Presynaptic cell  r.	m. Governs respiration and vomiting
14. Postsynaptic cell  c.	n. affects smooth muscle and organs over which we have little or no control
15. Neurotransmitters  b.	o. Involved with the experience of pleasure and reinforcement
16. Serotonin (5-HT)  f.	p. Connects with the cortex and the mid brain regions containing many of the noradrenergic receptors
17. Acetylcholine  j.	q. Important for motor coordination and balance
18. Synaptic junction  a.	r. Sending neuron
19. Phosphorylation  e.	s. Implicated as a factor in aggressive behavior
20. nucleus accumbens  t.	t. Connects to the forebrain and includes the amygdala

 

5. Which of the following statements is not true?

 

1. alcohol interferes with the release of neurotransmitters
2. alcohol causes neurotransmitter leakage from the synaptic vesicles
3. alcohol takes over the receptor sites that are normally stimulated by a specific neurotransmitter
4. alcohol increases neurotransmitter reproduction

 

6. Alcohol seems to be associated with higher levels of:

 

1. serotonin
2. norepinepherine
3. GABA
4. dopamine

 

7. Which 2 neurotransmitters are blocked by cocaine?

 

1. Serotonin, dopamine
2. Epinephrine, serotonin
3. dopamine, epinephrine
4. GABA, dopamine

 

8. Dose-response curves for alcohol show all but:

 

1. effect of increased doses generally is constant
2. at low doses, effect is small, accelerates, and levels off at higher doses
3. higher doses may lead to reduced response levels
4. effect of a given dose varies with age and gender

 

9. Ions are electrically charged particles which:

 

1. create neural transmission through the cell
2. help neurotransmitters cross into adjacent neurons
3. exert inhibitory effects on ability of a cell to relay signals
4. all of the above

 

10. All but which is true of neurotransmitters:

 

1. activated by impulses from other neurons
2. regulate flow of information among neurons
3. can inhibit signal transmission
4. allow ions to cross the synapse

 

 

11. Alcohol disrupts the balance of the composition of the membrane so that:

 

1. passage of chemicals through the neurons is unaffected
2. chloride ion entry is increased by GABA
3. glutamate allows more calcium ions into cells
4. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are activated

 

12. Alcohol has all but which effect on neurotransmitters:

 

1. dopamine increases, but drops with continued drinking
2. norepinephrine is often higher with increasing arousal
3. inhibition of beta-endorphins
4. serotonin is reduced by heavy alcohol use

 

 

 

13. Tolerance involves all but:

 

1. lower effect of a given dose of a drug after continual use
2. b. adverse reactions if one stops use of an often-used drug
3. changes from using other drugs together
4. a tendency to increase the amount of a drug

 

14. Which of the following is not true about drug tolerance?

 

1. increases in doses used after a few heroin use episodes
2. reduced for amphetamines
3. can differ for different effects of a drug
4. is relatively mild for cocaine

 

15. The opponent process theory states that drug use produces:

 

1. an affective state which dissipates after use and results in an aftereffect emotional tone opposite to what the drug produced
2. an affective state which continues after use and results in an aftereffect emotional tone opposite to what the drug produced
3. an affective state which dissipates after use and results in an aftereffect emotional tone similar to what the drug produced
4. an affective state which continues after use and results in an aftereffect emotional tone similar to what the drug produced

 

16. Which model can be regarded as the neural version of the opponent process model?

 

1. sensitization model
2. neural incentive sensitization model
3. incentive sensitization model
4. neural sensitization model

 

17. The average adult can oxidize one drink in approximately

 

1. one hour
2. two hours
3. three hours
4. four hours

 

 

18. Depending on the drug, withdrawal symptoms generally start within:

 

1. 4 to 6 hours
2. 8 to 12 hours
3. 12 to 24 hours
4. 24 to 72 hours

 

19. All but which is true of withdrawal symptoms:

 

1. start 12 to 24 hours after a drug is no longer used
2. can last up to several days
3. are treated with another drug from a different category
4. are treated with another drug from the same category

 

20. A rebound effect of hyperexcitability occurs:

 

1. with lower use levels of a drug
2. when the effects of any drug wear off
3. after stimulant drugs are taken
4. d. with depressants such as alcohol

 

21. All but which is true of nicotine’s effects:

 

a. activates cholinergic receptors

b. destroys neuropeptides

c. releases dopamine

d. affects acetylcholine

 

22. Nicotine absorption across membranes:

 

a. occurs in its non-ionized state or alkaline form

b. is potent in an ionized state in an acid environment

c. is readily absorbed from the acidity of the stomach

d. is ineffective in the mouth due to its acidity

 

23. Caffeine:

 

1. is absorbed from the liver and distributed to body
2. stimulates adenosine receptors
3. speeds reuptake of its neurotransmitters
4. inhibits central nervous system activity

 

24. Naloxone and naltrexone (ReVia®) are all but which:

 

1. antagonists that block the effects of opiate drugs
2. competing with opioids for their receptor sites
3. neutralizers of opioids that reduce their effects
4. d. equal in effectiveness

 

 

 

 

25. Methadone is:

 

1. an endogenous opiate
2. used for heroin addiction to develop aversions
3. c. an antagonist that competes for heroin receptor sites
4. widely accepted for treatment of heroin users

 

26. Fetal alcohol syndrome in babies is distinguished by all of the following except:

 

1. elongated philtrum
2. sunken nasal nose bridge
3. cross eyed
4. small head circumference

 

27. During adolesence, fetal alcohol babies have all except which problem below:

 

1. cognitive
2. perceptual
3. information processing
4.  d.   obesity

 

28. A study comparing offspring of nondrinking mothers with those of mothers having an average of 1 or more drinks per day during pregnancy found the latter had all but.

 

1. lower birth weight,
2. smaller head circumference
3. slower growth
4. facial deformations

 

29. Newborns of women who abuse opiates during pregnancy show all but which:

 

1. higher irritability
2. b. permanent poorer motor control
3. poorer motor control that lasts about a month
4. withdrawal-like symptoms

 

 

30. Alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD) involve all but the study of:

 

1. larger samples in the general population
2. b. only mothers who were heavy drinkers
3. long term development of the child
4. a wider range of drinking levels

 

 

 

31. The evidence on fetal cocaine effects is:

 

1. clearcut proof that cocaine produces harm
2. ambiguous because most cocaine users also drink
3. ambiguous because drug abusers often have poor appetite and nutrition
4. d. b and c

 

32. Alcoholics, as compared with nonalcoholics, have:

 

1. wider sulci (gaps between convolutions on the cortex)
2. smaller cerebral ventricles (cavities)
3. changes different from those typical of aging
4. smaller brains

 

33. All but which applies to the P300 wave

 

1. occurs 300 milliseconds after a stimulus occurs
2. has a 300-milliseconds duration
3. is of lower amplitude in alcoholics
4. measures processing of sensory input

 

34. All but which applies to the metabolic breakdown of alcohol by the liver (Lieber, 1994):

 

1. involves alcohol dehydrogenase
2. uses the portal systemic encephalopathy system
3. uses the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system
4. oxidizes alcohol

 

35. Alcohol’s effect on the liver:

 

1. depends on the type of beverage
2. is reversible
3. reduces ability to clot blood
4. occurs mainly for people with fatty livers

 

36. All but which are alcohol effects on functions of the endocrine system:

 

1. physical growth, response to stress
2. cardiovascular, immune, and reproductive functions
3. red and white blood cell function
4. production of cortisol, testosterone, and estrogen

 

 

 

 

 

37. Which of the following statements is true about drinking:

 

1. 1 to 2 drinks a day has been associated with less risk for heart disease
2. 1 to 2 drinks a day has been associated with more risk for heart disease
3. 2 to 3 drinks a day has been associated with more risk for heart disease
4. 2 to 3 drinks a day has been associated with less risk for heart disease

 

38. Chronic heavy alcohol use causes all but:

 

1. buildup of fatty tissues in the liver
2. impaired liver metabolization of alcohol
3. hepatitis or inflammation of liver tissue
4. liver eliminates alcohol faster