Anatomy And Physiology 9th Edition by Marieb - Test Bank

Anatomy And Physiology 9th Edition by Marieb – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 9th Edition

 

Chapter 05: Cell Structure

 

Test Bank

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The fundamental unit of life is the:

 

1. atom.
2. cell.
3. gene.
4. DNA molecule.

 

ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Introduction

 

2. Which of the following recognize and destroy nonself cells?

 

1. Gland cells
2. Immune cells
3. Nerve cells
4. Red blood cells

 

ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Examples of Cell Types

 

3. Main cell structures include all of the following except:

 

1. organelles.
2. plasma membrane.
3. interstitial fluid.
4. cytoplasm.

 

ANS: C

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Structure

 

4. Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane?

 

1. Self-identification
2. Receptor site for messages
3. Selective barrier
4. Control center of the cell

 

ANS: D

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Some Major Cell Structures and Their Functions

 

5. The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the:

 

1. lysosome.
2. Golgi apparatus.
3. ribosome.
4. centriole.

 

ANS: A

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Lysosomes

 

6. The major function of ribosomes is to synthesize:

 

1. proteins.
2. carbohydrates.
3. fats.
4. cholesterol.

 

ANS: A

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Ribosomes

 

7. Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell?

 

1. Peroxisomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribosomes
4. Lysosomes

 

ANS: D

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Lysosomes

 

8. Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted?

 

1. Nucleolus
2. Ribosome
3. Mitochondrion
4. Golgi apparatus

 

ANS: D

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Golgi Apparatus

 

9. Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called:

 

1. cilia.
2. flagella.
3. microvilli.
4. microtubules.

 

ANS: A

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

10. Granules or threads within the nucleus are called:

 

1. microfilaments.
2. chromatin.
3. nucleotides.
4. microtubules.

 

ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Nucleus

 

11. Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by:

 

1. gap junctions.
2. desmosomes.
3. tight junctions.
4. adhesions.

 

ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Connections

 

12. The inner membrane of what double-membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae?

 

1. Golgi apparatus
2. Mitochondrion
3. Endoplasmic reticulum
4. Ribosome

 

ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Mitochondria

 

13. The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called:

 

1. cilia.
2. flagella.
3. microvilli.
4. desmosomes.

 

ANS: A

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

14. A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the:

 

1. flagellum.
2. cilium.
3. microvillus.
4. microtubule.

 

ANS: A

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

15. DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle?

 

1. Lysosome
2. Ribosome
3. Chromosome
4. Nucleus

 

ANS: D

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Nucleus

 

16. An area of cytoplasm that coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules is called:

 

1. cytoplasm A.
2. mitochondria.
3. centrosome.
4. ribosomes.

 

ANS: C

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Centrosomes

 

17. The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as:

 

1. Golgi apparatus.
2. plasma membrane.
3. cytoplasm.
4. centrosome.

 

ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

18. Which organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus?

 

1. Mitochondria
2. Cilia
3. Peroxisomes
4. Lysosomes

 

ANS: D

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Lysosomes

 

19. Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called:

 

1. mitochondria.
2. caveolae.
3. cisternae.
4. vesicles.

 

ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Caveolae

 

20. The ____ is often called the microtubule organizing center.

 

1. centrosome
2. cytoskeleton
3. centriole
4. ribosome

 

ANS: A

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Centrosomes

 

21. Each of the following is an example of the plasma membrane function except:

 

1. boundary.
2. self-identification.
3. receptor sites.
4. production of proteins.

 

ANS: D

 

DIF: Synthesis

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

22. Which of the following is a functional characteristic of ribosomes?

 

1. Manufacture of mRNA
2. Protein synthesis
3. DNA replication
4. Housing of DNA

 

ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Ribosomes

 

23. ATP production occurs within which organelle?

 

1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
2. Golgi apparatus
3. Flagellum
4. Mitochondrion

 

ANS: D

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Mitochondria

 

24. Which organelle consists of separate tiny sacs called cisternae?

 

1. Golgi apparatus
2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
3. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
4. Mitochondria

 

ANS: A

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Golgi Apparatus

 

25. In nondividing cells, DNA appears as threads that are referred to as:

 

1. chromatin.
2. chromosomes.
3. histones.
4. none of the above.

 

ANS: A

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Nucleus

 

26. The nucleolus is composed chiefly of:

 

1. mRNA.
2. rRNA.
3. tRNA.
4. DNA.

 

ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Nucleus

 

27. The largest human cell, measuring about 150 mm, is a:

 

1. white blood cell.
2. female sex cell or ovum.
3. liver cell.
4. male sex cell or sperm.

 

ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Functional Anatomy of Cells

 

28. In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule:

 

1. faces the exterior of the cell.
2. faces the interior of the cell.
3. is in the center of the phospholipid bilayer.
4. both A and B.

 

ANS: D

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

29. In the cell membrane, the hydrophobic part of the phospholipid molecule:

 

1. faces the exterior of the cell.
2. faces the interior of the cell.
3. is in the center of the phospholipid bilayer.
4. both A and B.

 

ANS: C

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

30. The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily?

 

1. Cholesterol
2. Protein
3. Phospholipids
4. Glycoproteins

 

ANS: A

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

31. The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the:

 

1. cholesterol molecules.
2. phospholipid molecules.
3. glycoprotein molecules.
4. channel proteins.

 

ANS: C

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

32. Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

 

1. Provides a site for ribosome attachment
2. Supplies membrane for use throughout the cell
3. Makes steroid hormones
4. Makes glycoproteins

 

ANS: A

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

 

33. Which of the following is not true about ribosomes?

 

1. Contain protein
2. Composed of a large unit and a small unit
3. Surrounded by a membrane structure
4. Contain RNA

 

ANS: C

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Ribosomes

 

34. The membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm are:

 

1. ribosomes.
2. lysosomes.
3. peroxisomes.
4. both B and C.

 

ANS: D

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Lysosomes and Peroxisomes

 

35. Which of the following statements does not describe the nucleolus?

 

1. It is found in the nucleus.
2. It has a membrane similar to the nucleus.
3. It is made of nucleic acids.
4. All of the above are true about the nucleolus.

 

ANS: D

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Nucleus

 

36. A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read:

 

1. microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments.
2. microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments.
3. microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules.
4. microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments.

 

ANS: C

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Fibers

 

37. The cell extension that contains microfilaments is called:

 

1. microvilli.
2. flagella.
3. cilia.
4. All cell extensions contain microfilaments.

 

ANS: A

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

38. Which of the following organelles is considered a membranous organelle?

 

1. Lysosome
2. Ribosome
3. Nucleolus
4. Both A and B

 

ANS: A

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Some Major Cell Structures and Their Functions

 

39. Which of the following organelles is considered a nonmembranous organelle?

 

1. Golgi apparatus
2. Ribosome
3. Mitochondria
4. Both A and B

 

ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Some Major Cell Structures and Their Functions

 

40. The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the:

 

1. receptor proteins.
2. glycoproteins.
3. rafts in the cell membrane.
4. phospholipid bilayer.

 

ANS: D

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

41. Which structures in the cell membrane are a stiff grouping of membrane molecules that are rich in cholesterol?

 

1. Glycoproteins
2. Rafts
3. Phospholipids
4. Receptor proteins

 

ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Membrane Structure

 

42. Which of the following is not true of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

 

1. It makes lipids and carbohydrates.
2. It is made of broad, flattened sacs.
3. It has many ribosomes attached to it.
4. All of the above are true of rough endoplasmic reticulum.

 

ANS: A

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

 

43. The enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the functioning of the:

 

1. mitochondria.
2. proteasomes.
3. peroxisomes.
4. lysosomes.

 

ANS: C

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Peroxisomes

 

44. Which of the following structures contains DNA?

 

1. Nucleus
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribosome
4. Both A and B

 

ANS: D

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Mitochondria and Nucleus

 

45. Damage to the centrosome and centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function?

 

1. Energy production
2. Protein synthesis
3. Cell division
4. Synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates

 

ANS: C

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Centrosomes

 

46. Which cell extension lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells, and functions in the kidney to monitor urine flow?

 

1. Microvilli
2. Primary cilium
3. Cilia
4. Flagella

 

ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

47. Which of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins?

 

1. Acting as receptors
2. Signal transduction
3. Identification of “self”
4. All of the above are functions of the integral membrane proteins.

 

ANS: D

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

48. Which of the following does not describe a structure or function of the proteasome?

 

1. Digests proteins down to individual amino acids so they can be recycled by the cell
2. Looks like a hollow cylindrical drum made of protein subunits
3. Requires the small protein called ubiquitin to pull proteins in
4. All of the above are structures or functions of proteasomes.

 

ANS: A

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Proteasomes

 

49. Which cell fiber is called the engine of the cell?

 

1. Centrosome
2. Microfilament
3. Microtubule
4. Intermediate filament

 

ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Fibers

 

50. Which fiber is the smallest of the cell fibers?

 

1. Centrosome
2. Microfilament
3. Microtubule
4. Intermediate filament

 

ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Fibers

 

51. Which cell fiber is made of twisted strands of protein?

 

1. Centrosomes
2. Microfilament
3. Microtubule
4. Intermediate filament

 

ANS: D

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Fibers

 

52. Which type of cell connection joins heart muscle cells?

 

1. Tight junction
2. Desmosome
3. Macrofilament
4. Gap junction

 

ANS: D

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Connections

 

53. Which type of cell connection acts like a “spot weld” to hold cells together?

 

1. Tight junction
2. Desmosome
3. Macrofilament
4. Gap junction

 

ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Connections

 

 

TRUE/FALSE

 

1. The longest extension of a nerve cell can be almost a foot long.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Functional Anatomy of Cells

 

2. An important function of the cell membrane is the maintenance of cell integrity.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Synthesis

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

3. Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Peroxisomes

 

4. The outer portion of the cell membrane is hydrophobic, or water loving.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

5. Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum are responsible for making proteins to be exported out of the cell.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

 

6. The functions of the nucleus are regulated by RNA.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Nucleus

 

7. The major direct cell connections are tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Connections

 

8. Tight junctions do not allow molecules to spread through the cracks between cells.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Connections

 

9. Gap junctions are found in the small intestine. They allow molecules to flow between cells.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 84

TOP: Cell Connections

 

10. The number of mitochondria in a cell is basically related to its degree of cell activity.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Mitochondria

 

11. The cell’s internal supporting framework is called the cytoskeleton.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cytoskeleton

 

12. The size of a cell’s nucleolus is indirectly related to the amount of protein the cell produces.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Nucleus

 

13. Heart muscle cells are joined by gap junctions to facilitate the movement of electrical impulses.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Connections

 

14. Cell connections called desmosomes are like Velcro holding cells together.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Connections

 

15. Cilia are longer and more numerous than flagella.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

16. The nucleolus is made up of tightly coiled DNA.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Nucleus

 

17. The thinnest cell fibers are tiny, hollow tubes called microtubules.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Fibers

 

18. The plasma membrane can be described as a double layer of phospholipid molecules.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Synthesis

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

19. Generally, the more active a cell is, the fewer mitochondria it will contain.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Mitochondria

 

20. Cell fibers that are composed of twisted protein strands are microtubules.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Fibers

 

21. The “typical” cell described in this chapter is very similar to most of the cells in the human body.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: The Typical Cell

 

22. The watery fluid in the cell is called cytosol.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Structure

 

23. Water-soluble substances easily pass through the cell membrane.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

24. Glycoproteins on the cell membrane identify the cell as “self.”

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

25. Rough endoplasmic reticulum looks rough because there are mitochondria attached to it.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

 

26. Proteins in the cell membrane can control the movement of material through the cell membrane.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 72

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

27. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the organelle that supplies membrane material for use throughout the cell.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

 

28. Ribosomes are only found attached to endoplasmic reticulum.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Ribosomes

 

29. The main function of the ribosome is to provide energy to the cell.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Ribosomes

 

30. The Golgi apparatus helps to prepare material for export from the cell.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Golgi Apparatus

 

31. The protein-processing units of the Golgi apparatus are called cisterna.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Golgi Apparatus

 

32. Lysosomes can be called the “garbage disposals” of the cell.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Lysosomes

 

33. The catalase in the peroxisomes reacts to detoxify carbon dioxide.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Peroxisomes

 

34. The inner folds of the mitochondria are called cisterna.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Mitochondria

 

35. It is likely that a muscle cell would have more mitochondria than a fat cell.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Mitochondria

 

36. One of the main functions of the mitochondria is to supply the cell with ATP.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Mitochondria

 

37. The name nucleus comes from the Greek word for color.

 

ANS: F

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Nucleus

 

38. Chromosomes and chromatin are both forms of DNA.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Nucleus

 

39. Microtubules are sometimes called the engines of the cell.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Fibers

 

40. The body of a female does not produce cells with flagella.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

41. Schleiden and Schwann were the first scientists to see cells.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Introduction

 

42. The largest human cell is the female ovum or egg cell.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Functional Anatomy of Cells

 

43. Another term for cytosol is intracellular fluid.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Structure

 

44. The fluid mosaic model describes the chromatin material found in the nucleus.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

45. One function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is to help maintain a low Ca⁺⁺ concentration in the cell’s interior.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

 

46. A major part of ribosomes is deoxyribonucleic acid.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Ribosomes

 

47. The proteasomes contain enzymes that assist in protein synthesis.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Proteasomes

 

48. Proteasomes only destroy abnormal or misfolded proteins in the cell.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Proteasomes

 

49. Small proteins called ubiquitins assist the proteasomes in accomplishing their function.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Proteasomes

 

50. An organelle called a vault, composed of RNA and protein, functions to shuttle molecules to and from the nucleus.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Vaults

 

51. An angstrom is larger than a nanometer.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Units of Size

 

52. Two types of lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol, are important molecules in the cell membrane.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

53. Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules that are rich in cholesterol.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Membrane Structure

 

54. Hormones attach to special cholesterol molecules in the cell membrane.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Membrane Function

 

55. Three ribosomal subunits must come together to form a functioning ribosome.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Ribosomes

 

56. Many ribosomes can work on the same mRNA strand at the same time; when this occurs, the structure is called a polyribosome.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Ribosomes

 

57. A complete ribosome only exists when it is making a protein.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Ribosomes

 

58. In order for the Golgi apparatus to function correctly, both the ribosomes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum must be functioning also.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Golgi Apparatus

 

59. Muscular dystrophy is a disease condition that can be linked to the malfunctioning of proteasomes.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Proteasomes

 

60. The nucleus is the only structure in the cell that contains DNA.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Mitochondria

 

61. Another name for the centrosome is the microtubule organizing center.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Centrosomes

 

62. The centriole is a single cylindrical structure at the boundary of the centrosome.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Centrosomes

 

63. Small protein structures called molecular motors pull loads from one part of the cell to another along the cytoskeleton.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Molecular Motors

 

64. All of the cell extensions—microvilli, cilia, and flagella—have basically the same structure. They only differ in number per cell and length.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

65. Primary cilia are unable to move because they lack the central pair of microtubules and motor molecules.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

66. Cytoplasm is another term for cytosol.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Structure

 

67. One important function of integral membrane proteins is signal transduction or carrying messages across the cell membrane.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Membrane Function

 

68. Integral membrane proteins play an important role in pinching off the cell membrane so two new cells can form during cell division.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Membrane Function

 

69. Organelles can be divided into two groups, hydrophobic (water fearing) and hydrophilic (water loving).

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cytoplasm and Organelles

 

70. The only structural difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is that the rough ER has ribosomes attached.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

 

71. The ribosome is an example of a membranous organelle.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Ribosomes

 

72. When vesicles from the Golgi apparatus reach the cell membrane, the contents are secreted to outside the cell.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Golgi Apparatus

 

73. The usual destination for vesicles released by the Golgi apparatus is the nucleus of the cell.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Golgi Apparatus

 

74. Lysosomes are vesicles that have been pinched off from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Lysosomes

 

75. Nuclear pore complexes regulate what can enter and leave the nucleus.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Nucleus

 

76. Centrioles are made up of cylinders of nine bundles of microtubules with two tubules in each bundle.

 

ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Centrosomes

 

77. Centrosomes play an important role in cell division.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Centrosomes

 

78. Primary cilia can act as sensory organelles.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

79. One function of the microvilli is to increase the surface area of a membrane to provide for more efficient absorption.

 

ANS: T

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

 

MATCHING

 

Match each cell structure with its corresponding description or function.

 

1. Plasma membrane
2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
3. Golgi apparatus
4. Nucleolus
5. Nucleus
6. Ribosome
7. Lysosome
8. Mitochondria
9. Peroxisomes
10. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
11. Proteasomes

 

1. Tubular network in the cell with no ribosomes that synthesize lipids and carbohydrates

 

2. Outer boundary of the cell made up of phospholipids and proteins

 

3. Functions in processing and packaging of protein molecules to be exported from the cell

 

4. Protein factory made up of two subunits

 

5. Structure in the cell nucleus that makes ribosomes

 

6. Major source of ATP synthesis; the “powerhouse” of the cell

 

7. Vesicles or sacs in the cell that can destroy large molecules or even the cell itself

 

8. Vesicles that contain catalase that are important in metabolic reactions involving hydrogen peroxide

 

9. Structures that destroy improperly folded protein molecules that could possibly harm the cell

 

10. One of the largest structures in the cell; contains DNA

 

11. Broad, flattened sacs that extend from the nucleus and have ribosomes attached to them

 

1. ANS: B

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

 

2. ANS: A

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

3. ANS: C

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Golgi Apparatus

 

4. ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Ribosomes

 

5. ANS: D

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Nucleus

 

6. ANS: H

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Mitochondria

 

7. ANS: G

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Lysosomes

 

8. ANS: I

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Peroxisomes

 

9. ANS: K

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Proteasomes

 

10. ANS: E

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Nucleus

 

11. ANS: J

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

 

 

Match each term to the phrase that describes it best.

 

1. Microtubules
2. Intermediate filaments
3. Microfilaments
4. Centrosomes
5. Cilia
6. Flagella
7. Microvilli
8. Desmosomes
9. Tight junctions
10. Gap junctions
11. Primary cilium
12. Centrioles

 

12. Cell fiber that can be found in muscle cells

 

13. Cell extension that is found on the sperm cell

 

14. Cell connections that are like small “spot welds”

 

15. Cell extension that increases surface area for more efficient absorption

 

16. Largest of the cell fibers; act like “engines” for the cell

 

17. Microtubule organizing centers that also play a role in cell division

 

18. Cell connections that form tunnels between cells and are found in heart muscles

 

19. Cell fibers that are slightly thicker than microfilaments

 

20. Cell extensions that are shorter than flagella and are found lining the respiratory tract

 

21. Cell connection that forms a “collar” around groups of cells

 

22. Tiny cylinders that can be found near the boundaries of the centrosomes

 

23. Cell extensions that lack the center pair of microtubules and can function as sensory organelles; not found in blood cells, but most other cells have them

 

12. ANS: C

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Fibers

 

13. ANS: F

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

14. ANS: H

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Connections

 

15. ANS: G

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

16. ANS: A

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Fibers

 

17. ANS: D

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Centrosomes

 

18. ANS: J

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Connections

 

19. ANS: B

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Fibers

 

20. ANS: E

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

21. ANS: I

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Connections

 

22. ANS: L

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Centrosomes

 

23. ANS: K

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

 

 

OTHER

 

1. Describe the structure of the cell membrane, and explain what is meant by the fluid mosaic model.

 

ANS: Answers will vary.

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

2. Explain the functions of the cell membrane.

 

ANS: Answers will vary.

 

DIF: Application

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

3. Explain what structure on the cell membrane makes it difficult to transplant an organ from one person into another.

 

ANS: Answers will vary.

 

DIF: Synthesis

REF:

TOP: Cell Membrane

 

4. Name and give the functions of the membranous organelles of the cell.

 

ANS: Answers will vary.

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Structure

 

5. Name and give the functions of the nonmembranous organelles of the cell.

 

ANS: Answers will vary.

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Structure

 

6. Name and explain the function of each of the three types of cell fibers in the cell.

 

ANS: Answers will vary.

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Fibers

 

7. What is the function of the centrosome, and by what other name is it known?

 

ANS: Answers will vary.

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Centrosomes

 

8. What are molecular motors, and what is their function in the cell?

 

ANS: Answers will vary.

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Molecular Motors

 

9. Explain the structure and function of the microvilli.

 

ANS: Answers will vary.

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

10. Explain the structure and function of cilia and flagella. What is the only type of human cell that has a flagellum?

 

ANS: Answers will vary.

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

11. Explain the structure and function of the primary cilium in the cell. Which cell type does not have a primary cilium?

 

ANS: Answers will vary.

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Extensions

 

12. Describe the structure and function of the nucleus. Include the structure and function of the nucleolus.

 

ANS: Answers will vary.

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Nucleus

 

13. Name and describe the three types of cell connections.

 

ANS: Answers will vary.

 

DIF: Memorization

REF:

TOP: Cell Connections

 

ESSAY

 

1. Joanne, a 75-year-old patient, has an active peptic ulcer. Describe the cellular organelles involved in synthesizing digestive enzymes for the stomach.

 

ANS: Answers will vary.

 

DIF: Synthesis

REF:

TOP: Cytoplasm and Organelles

 

2. Rebecca received second-degree sunburn and was very uncomfortable for several days. Her skin began to heal, and some of the epithelial tissue began to peel off in layers. Explain the cell connections that allow the skin cells to hold onto each other in a sheet.

 

ANS: Answers will vary.

 

DIF: Synthesis

REF:

TOP: Cell Connections

 

3. Explain the process by which a protein is processed in preparation for being released by the cell, starting at the ribosome and ending at the cell membrane.

 

ANS: Answers will vary.

 

DIF: Synthesis

REF:

TOP: Golgi Apparatus