Arts And Culture An Introduction To The Humanities Combined Volume 4th Edition by Janetta Rebold Benton - Test Bank

Arts And Culture An Introduction To The Humanities Combined Volume 4th Edition by Janetta Rebold Benton – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 1: Prehistoric, Mesopotamian, and Egyptian Civilizations

 

Multiple Choice

1. It is thought that the __________ was used for Old Kingdom tombs because, as one of the most stable geometric forms, it symbolized permanence to ancient Egyptians.
2. circle
3. cube
4. sphere
5. pyramid
6. cone

Answer: D

Page ref: 22

 

2. During the New Kingdom, burial in __________ replaced burial in pyramids.
3. the temple
4. rock-cut tombs
5. a courtyard in the palace
6. the city square
7. none of the above

Answer: B

Page ref: 26

 

3. The Human-Headed Winged Lion (fig. 1.9) with the body of a lion, wings of a bird, and head of a human probably functioned as a(n) __________.
4. worshipper in the temples
5. figure celebrating military victories
6. guardian figure
7. illustration of favorite stories
8. king

Answer: C

Page ref: 13

 

4. Which of the following is not true regarding Paleolithic sculpture?
5. The most frequently depicted subjects are memory images of animals
6. There are few figures of wood or other perishable materials that remain today
7. The most famous example of a sculpture from the era is the Woman (or Venus) of Willendorf (fig. 1.2)
8. In France, a clay sculpture of two bison was found
9. No humans are represented

Answer: E

Page ref: 5

 

5. The basic plan of the rock-cut tombs of the Middle Kingdom resemble __________.
6. an Egyptian home of the time
7. the pharaoh’s palace
8. a typical Egyptian shop
9. the simplest type of temple
10. both B and D

Answer: A

Page ref: 26

 

 

6. Egyptian relief sculptures and paintings show human figures both in profile and frontal positions simultaneously __________.
7. t0 display each part of the body from its most characteristic point of view
8. because artists were unskilled in drawing the human body
9. because such a design was dictated by Egyptian religious beliefs
10. none of the above
11. both A and C

Answer: A

Page ref: 29

 

7. The only significant break in the continuity of Egyptian life were the political, religious, and artistic changes during the reign of which pharaoh?
8. Zoser
9. Chefren
10. Tutankhamen
11. Akhenaten
12. Mycerinus

Answer: D

Page ref: 31

 

8. The ruler __________ is associated with an ancient code of laws and decrees.
9. Naram-Sin
10. Gilgamesh
11. Hammurabi
12. Nebuchadnezzar
13. Ashurnasirpal II

Answer: C

Page ref: 12

 

9. Some scholars believe that cave paintings were created to __________.
10. ensure a successful hunt
11. express the power of the ruler
12. commemorate the death of a member of the group
13. celebrate an abundant harvest
14. represent gods

Answer: A

Page ref: 6

 

10. King Nebuchadnezzar rebuilt __________ which became the greatest city in the Near East.
11. Babylon
12. Cairo
13. Lagash
14. Ur
15. Persepolis

Answer: A

Page ref: 14

 

11. The earliest burial places of the Old Kingdom Egyptian nobility were called __________, flat-topped one-story rectangular buildings with slanted walls.
12. pyramids
13. serdabs
14. mortuary temples
15. mastabas
16. huts

Answer: D

Page ref: 21

 

12. Scholars were able to decipher Egyptian writing by comparing the three

languages included on the __________.

1. Palette of Narmer
2. Rosetta Stone
3. Stepped Pyramid of Zoser
4. Book of the Dead
5. wall relief of Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt

Answer: B

Page ref: 18

 

13. The term ka is roughly equivalent to the concept of __________.
14. sin
15. good versus evil
16. heaven
17. judgment
18. a soul

Answer: E

Page ref: 20

 

14. What is known of Paleolithic life derives largely from __________.
15. cromlechs
16. cuneiform writing
17. relief sculptures
18. paintings found in caves
19. all of the above

Answer: D

Page ref: 5

 

15. The Great Sphinx (fig. 1.17) __________.
16. was placed in a Valley Temple
17. is made of gold and semiprecious stones
18. indicates the power of the pharaoh
19. reappears in Classical Greek mythology
20. none of the above

Answer: C

Page ref: 22

 

16. In painting of the Neolithic era __________.
17. paintings are located in rock shelters and beneath cliff overhangs
18. the human figure is given prominence
19. paintings feature more storytelling than in the Paleolithic era
20. all of the above
21. none of the above

Answer: D

Page ref: 6

 

17. The oldest known major literary work in the world is called __________.
18. The Iliad
19. The Tale of Genji
20. The Poem of the Supersage
21. The Law Code of Hammurabi
22. The Epic of Gilgamesh

Answer: E

Page ref: 10

 

18. Egyptian relief work, such as Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt (fig. 1.21), was meant to be

seen __________.

1. by visitors to the nobleman’s tomb
2. by no one
3. only by the ka of the deceased
4. by priests who came often to the tomb to perform rituals
5. by those who discovered the tomb thousands of years later

Answer: C

Page ref: 25

 

19. __________ is (are) the most common subjects for European cave paintings.
20. Scenes of battle
21. Animals
22. Humans participating in religious rituals
23. Women representing fertility goddesses
24. none of the above

Answer: B

Page ref: 5

 

20. __________ is not one of the standard poses for Egyptian sculptures of the human figure.
21. Sitting on a block
22. Standing with one foot forward
23. Sitting cross-legged on the floor
24. Kneeling on both knees
25. Reclining

Answer: E

Page ref: 22

 

21. Which of the following statements is true of New Kingdom temples?
22. One of the largest is at Luxor
23. The temples were considered the home of the gods
24. They were constructed using the post and lintel system
25. The entire temple complex was essentially symmetrical and organized around a longitudinal axis
26. all of the above

Answer: E

Page ref: 26

 

22. __________ is (are) not included in the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin (fig. 1.7).
23. A mountain
24. The ruler Naram-Sin
25. An army victoriously marching up the mountain
26. A representation of the temple
27. A set of stars representing Naram Sin’s protecting gods

Answer: D

Page ref: 11

 

True/False

23. A ziggurat is a mountain-like platform upon which Sumerians placed their temples.

Answer: T

Page ref: 9

 

24. The prophet Zoroaster, a Persian, developed a dualistic religion that asserted the universe was divided between two forces, one good and the other evil.

Answer: T

Page ref: 15

 

25. A serdab is a hidden room in a tomb that contains a statue of the dead person.

Answer: T

Page ref: 21

 

26. Hieroglyphics was the writing system used by the Assyrians.

Answer: F

Page ref: 18

 

27. Homo sapiens means “the ignorant man.”

Answer: F

Page ref: 5

 

28. The process of brewing beer was developed by the Sumerians around 8000 years ago.

Answer: T

Page ref: 16

 

29. Polytheism is the belief in a single god.

Answer: F

Page ref: 9

 

30. The Palette of Narmer (fig. 1.14) comes from the Egyptian city of Hierakonpolis.

Answer: T

Page ref: 17

 

31. The Mesopotamians used a form of writing known as cuneiform.

Answer: T

Page ref: 8

 

32. A cromlech is a horizontal beam supported by vertical posts.

Answer: F

Page ref: 7

 

 

Short Answer

33. Examine the form and purpose of the Woman (or Venus) of Willendorf .

 

34. What is the most likely use of the architecture at Stonehenge?

 

35. Trace the development of cuneiform writing.

 

36. Summarize the Sumerian religion and include a discuss of religious architecture and artifacts.

 

37. Describe the aspects of the rebuilding of Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar II.

 

38. Trace the development of Egyptian funerary architecture of the Old Kingdom from the mastaba to

the pyramid.

 

39. What is a ka statue and why was it made of stone?

 

40. Explain the changes that took place during the reign of Akhenaten and the effects of these changes on art production of the time.

 

41. Describe how ancient Egypt was imagined by Europeans during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.

 

42. What do wall paintings suggest about dance and music in ancient Egyptian world?

 

Essay

43. Compare and contrast religious ideas and practice in the Stone Age, Mesopotamia, and Egypt by examining one work from each culture.

 

44. Explore the reasons for the emphasis on military exploits in Mesopotamian art.

 

45. Corroborate or refute the statement, “The unquestioning acceptance of convention is a major characteristic of ancient Egyptian culture” through an exploration of works dating to the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms.

 

Chapter 2: Aegean Culture and Early Greece

 

Multiple Choice

 

1. Which of the following does not describe the early kouros.
2. Originally painted
3. Influenced by Egypt
4. Freestanding
5. Contains a supporting back pillar
6. Is a figure of a bird

Answer: D

Page ref: 63-65

 

2. The __________ is the most ancient of the Aegean civilizations.
3. Minoan
4. Mycenaean
5. Geometric Greek
6. Cycladic
7. Sumerian

Answer: D

Page ref: 51

 

3. Before Athens came to dominate pottery manufacture, __________ was the biggest vase-producing city in Greece.
4. Sparta
5. Delphi
6. Thessalonica
7. Neapolis
8. Corinth

Answer: E

Page ref: 62

 

4. During the Archaic period, Greek sculptors began to focus on __________.
5. scenes of violence
6. the accurate portrayal of animal forms
7. narrative scenes
8. the expression of emotion
9. the naturalistic depiction of the human figure

Answer: E

Page ref: 62

 

5. The major surviving architectural monument of the Minoans is the __________.
6. Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
7. Treasury of Atreus
8. Palace of Minos
9. Palace of Darius and Xerxes
10. none of the above

Answer: C

Page ref: 52

 

6. Which of the following is not a feature of the Mycenaean Lion Gate (fig. 2.6)?
7. Main gateway to the fortified hilltop city of Mycenae
8. Includes a lintel topped by a relieving triangle
9. Guardian lions flank an Egyptian-style column
10. The oldest piece of monumental sculpture in Europe
11. The doorway weighs approximately twenty tons

Answer: C

Page ref: 55

 

7. Although the methods of creating pottery changed over the centuries, subjects frequently derived

from __________.

1. mythology
2. political gatherings
3. daily life
4. both A and C
5. none of the above

Answer: D

Page ref: 62

 

8. The chief deities of the Minoan religion were female, and __________ is the best known example in sculptural form.
9. The Toreador Fresco
10. The Snake Goddess
11. Landscape
12. Three-handled Vase with Lilies and Papyrus
13. Woman of Willendorf

Answer: B

Page ref: 54

 

9. According to Benton and DiYanni’s text, the __________ best embodies the warlike character of

the Mycenaeans.

1. Warrior Vase
2. Mask of Agamemnon
3. Treasury of Atreus
4. Lion Gate
5. Kamares War Spouted Three-Handled Pithos with Fish

Answer: A

Page ref: 56

 

10. A number of wall paintings recently discovered at Akrotiri on Thera (Santorini) include a __________ unlike any other known to have survived from antiquity.
11. landscape
12. narrative scene
13. still life
14. portrait of the ruler
15. decorative pattern

Answer: A

Page ref: 53

 

11. Just inside the Lion Gate (fig. 2.6) archaeologists excavated six shaft graves with many spectacular items made of __________.
12. gold
13. silver
14. bronze
15. all of the above
16. both A and C

Answer: E

Page ref: 56

 

12. The __________ is the most distinctive architectural element in Minoan architecture.
13. column
14. arch
15. window design
16. shape of the roof
17. all of the above

Answer: A

Page ref: 53

 

13. The Geometric period of ancient Greek art is sometimes referred to as the

__________ Age, since it was during this time that Homer created his poetic epics.

1. Homeric
2. triumphant
3. Heroic
4. Odyssean
5. city-state

Answer: C

Page ref: 58

 

14. The Treasury of Atreus (fig. 2.7) was neither a treasury nor was it associated with Atreus; it was actually a __________.
15. lookout tower
16. throne room
17. meeting hall
18. tomb
19. temple

Answer: D

Page ref: 55

 

15. __________ is the writing found at Knossos on the island of Crete.
16. Hieroglyphics
17. Cuneiform
18. Linear A and Linear B
19. none of the above
20. both A and B

Answer: C

Page ref: 51

 

16. In __________ pottery details are created by scraping through the black slip used to create the figures to reveal the red clay beneath.
17. black-figure
18. red-figure
19. Orientalizing
20. Geometric
21. white ground

Answer: A

Page ref: 62

 

17. The Geometric style of pottery is known for its __________.
18. horizontal rows or bands
19. funeral scenes
20. some narrative elements
21. geometric ornament, such as meanders (maze patterns), checkers, zigzags, and lozenges
22. all of the above

Answer: E

Page ref: 59

 

18. Minoans subsisted primarily as __________.
19. farmers
20. sailors and traders
21. potters
22. pirates
23. priests and prophets

Answer: B

Page ref: 52

 

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­True/False

19. The Odyssey was written by Hesiod.

Answer: F

Page ref: 60

 

20. Sappho was an Archaic lyric poet.

Answer: T

Page ref: 62

 

21. The Minoan culture was centered on the island of Thasos.

Answer: F

Page ref: 52

 

22. The term polis means “house.”

Answer: F

Page ref: 58

 

23. Heinrich Schliemann was the archaeologist who found Troy and worked at Mycenae.

Answer: T

Page ref: 56

 

24. The Geometric period spans the years between c. 600 and 485 B.C.E.

Answer: F

Page ref: 58

 

25. Red-figure is a style of Minoan pottery.

Answer: F

Page ref: 62

 

26. Ashlar is a type of masonry featuring stone carefully cut with right-angle corners.

Answer: T

Page ref: 55

 

Short Answer

27. List the three dominant civilizations of the early Aegean period, noting where each was located.

 

28. Describe the form and function of the typical Cycladic statuette.

 

29. Summarize the Greek myth of the founding of the Minoan culture.

 

30. What do scholars believe the Toreador Fresco (fig. 2.4) demonstrates about Minoan civilization?

 

31. What are the essential differences between the Minoans and the Mycenaeans?

 

32. What are the key features of Geometric Greek art and how do these elements reflect social structures?

 

33. Outline the main themes of The Iliad and The Odyssey.

 

34. Describe some of the most important concepts of early Greek philosophy.

 

35. Who was Sappho and what does her work offer that epic poetry does not?

 

36. What is a kouros and kore and what do these figures tell one of Greek gender roles and ideals in the Archaic period?

 

Essay

37. Compare and contrast the treatment of the human form in Cycladic culture with that of the Archaic phase of Greek art through a detailed examination of two works.

 

38. Explore the effects of trading during the Orientalizing period on the ceramic art of Corinth.

 

39. Benton and DiYanni assert that, “Perhaps nothing distinguished the rise of ancient Greece as a civilization more than its love of pure thought,” or philosophy. How was philosophy translated into visual form?

 

Chapter 3: Classical and Hellenistic Greece

 

Multiple Choice

1. In the philosophy of __________ the individual must accept whatever fortune brings; all the person can do is exercise control over her or his own will.
2. Epicureanism
3. Cynicism
4. Stoicism
5. Platonism
6. Aristotelianism

Answer: C

Page ref: 102

 

2. The two major disasters to strike Athens in the late fifth century B.C.E. were __________.
3. earthquake and famine
4. plague and war
5. drought and civic unrest
6. volcanic eruption and political alliance with Egypt
7. floods and crop disease

Answer: B

Page ref: 82

 

3. The Nike of Samothrace (fig. 3.19) was designed to give the impression that __________.
4. Athena has grabbed the hair of a winged monster who writhes in agony
5. the goddess had just descended to the prow of the ship
6. it is trying to block the entry of the Greek gift-horse into Troy
7. none of the above
8. both B and C

Answer: B

Page ref: 101

 

4. __________ is not a Greek playwright.
5. Aeschylus
6. Pythagoras
7. Euripides
8. Aristophanes
9. Sophocles

Answer: B

Page ref: 97

 

5. According to scholars, __________ is the subject of the Parthenon Frieze (fig. 3.5).
6. the mythological battle between the Lapiths and the Centaurs
7. a group of elegant women processing towards the temple
8. the wedding of Peleus and Thetis
9. gods and goddesses receiving the message that Athena has been born
10. one of the foundation myths of Athens, that of Erechtheus and his daughters

Answer: E

Page ref: 85

 

6. The Altar of Zeus (fig. 3.17) at Pergamon was erected to commemorate victory over __________.
7. Persians
8. Spartans
9. Egyptians
10. Babylonians
11. Gauls

Answer: E

Page ref: 100

 

7. According to the Greeks, the basic elements of music derived from __________.
8. literature
9. philosophy
10. mathematics
11. biology
12. chemistry

Answer: C

Page ref: 97

 

8. The statements: “All philosophers are mortal. Aristotle is a philosopher. Aristotle is mortal,” is an example of a(n) __________.
9. syllogism
10. sophistry
11. catharsis
12. Epicurean dictum
13. dramatic irony

Answer: A

Page ref: 95

 

9. The __________ is the only Acropolis building that was actually finished.
10. Parthenon
11. Propylaia
12. Erechtheion
13. Temple of Athena Nike
14. The Altar of Zeus, Pergamon

Answer: A

Page ref: 83

 

10. Sigmund Freud’s theory of __________ contends that a boy grows up competing with his father for his mother’s attention and affection.
11. the Oedipus complex
12. dramatic irony
13. sophistry
14. the Socratic method
15. the Elektra complex

Answer: A

Page ref: 92

 

11. Which of the following associations does not match what we know about the Classical Orders?
12. Doric: oldest and simplest
13. Ionic: volutes
14. Corinthian: abacus and echinus
15. Doric: metope
16. Ionic: continuous frieze

Answer: C

Page ref: 83

 

12. Which of the following describes Laocoön and His Sons (fig. 3.20)?
13. Only rediscovered in 1506 in Rome
14. Displays great energy, induced by agony
15. The subject comes from Homer’s Iliad
16. all of the above
17. none of the above

Answer: D

Page ref: 101

 

13. Which of the following is not true about the rebuilding of the Acropolis?
14. It was made necessary by the destruction of war
15. At first, ruined buildings were left bare as a reminder of Egyptian aggression
16. Restoration of the site eventually came to be seen as a matter of civic responsibility
17. Rebuilding was meant as an homage to Athena
18. The leader who headed the rebuilding efforts was Perikles

Answer: B

Page ref: 82

 

True/False

14. Solon divided the citizens of Athens into ten classes.

Answer: F

Page ref: 81

 

15. Thucydides wrote a history of the Peloponnesian War.

Answer: T

Page ref: 82

 

16. Athens was divided into neighborhoods called demes by Cleisthenes.

Answer: T

Page ref: 81

 

17. Atlantes are female figures used as architectural supports.

Answer: F

Page ref: 86

 

18. Pergamon was an important Hellenistic city.

Answer: T

Page ref: 100

 

19. A lekythos is a jar used to carry water.

Answer: F

Page ref: 89

 

20. An acropolis is the high point of a Greek city.

Answer: T

Page ref: 82

 

21. Nike is the Greek word for victory.

Answer: T

Page ref: 101

 

22. The Kritios Boy (fig. 3.8) is a sculpture of the Hellenistic period.

Answer: F

Page ref: 87

 

23. Epicureanism is a type of music played on the lyre.

Answer: F

Page ref: 103

 

Short Answer

24. Outline what is meant by the term “classical” and list an example of its use in either art or literature.

 

25. What political reform contributed to the rise of Athens as the cultural center of the Greek world of the fifth century B.C.E.

 

26. List the visual refinements found on the Parthenon (fig. 3.3).

 

27. Summarize the design of Greek amphitheaters and provide an example of one.

 

28. For what reasons was music used in ancient Greek culture?

 

29. Provide an overview of the views of Plato and Aristotle on the ethical influence of music.

 

30. Delineate the four most famous playwrights of the Classical period and list one work by each.

 

31. How is the Nike of Samothrace (fig. 3.24) a paradigm of Hellenistic style?

 

32. Outline the “Black Athena debate” and describes how you would go about supporting one side or

the other.

 

33. Describe the Hellenization of India.

 

Essay

34. The chief characteristics of Greek art are said to be balance, harmony, and proportion. Evaluate the achievements of ancient Greece, from the Classical through the Hellenistic periods in light of these ideals by exploring sculptural work by Polykleitos, Lysippos, and the Nike of Samothrace (fig. 3.24).

 

35. Analyze how the shift of “political, artistic, social, and economic dominance” from mainland Greece to the Hellenistic Kingdoms affected art production.

 

36. Examine what the representation of philosophers during Classical and Hellenistic periods indicates about cultural values.

 

Chapter 4: Roman Civilization

 

Multiple Choice

1. Etruscan tombs contain the remains of __________.
2. beloved pets
3. family groups
4. conquered enemies
5. none of the above
6. all of the above

Answer: B

Page ref: 129

 

2. Art historians have identified __________ different styles of Roman wall painting.
3. six
4. two
5. three
6. four
7. ten

Answer: D

Page ref: 144

 

3. Horace was the most important writer of __________, which is a type of lyric poem that is made up of lines of varying lengths.
4. sonnets
5. sestinas
6. terza rimas
7. villanelles
8. odes

Answer: E

Page ref: 150

 

4. The statue Constantine the Great (fig. 4.19) demonstrates that the rise of Christianity brought a change in Roman art from the factual to the __________.
5. spiritual
6. literal
7. emotional
8. brutal
9. ideal

Answer: A

Page ref: 143

 

5. A forum was __________ in the Roman world.
6. the center of city life including both secular and sacred architecture
7. a solemn area where funerary rituals only occurred
8. a kind of wind instrument
9. a two-storied structure used to store grain
10. a bird native to the area near Pompeii

Answer: A

Page ref: 138

 

6. From the second century B.C.E. through the period of the Roman empire, __________ was the dominant Roman philosophy.
7. Cynicism
8. Stoicism
9. Platonism
10. Skepticism
11. Epicureanism

Answer: B

Page ref: 146

 

7. One of the most important aspects of the Pantheon (fig. 4.11) is that it __________.
8. displays poor engineering prowess
9. was meant to symbolize the tomb of Augustus
10. has a smooth, multi-colored ceiling
11. is the perfect example of post and lintel architectural techniques
12. was dedicated to “all the gods”

Answer: E

Page ref: 139

 

8. Which of the following does not describe Roman music?
9. Contemplative and served as the background for plays and poetry
10. Influenced to some extent by Greek music
11. Loud and aggressive
12. Brass instruments were important
13. Developed the hydraulos, an early type of organ

Answer: A

Page ref: 137

 

9. The Etruscan outlook on the afterlife seems to have been __________.
10. full of fear
11. pessimistic
12. uncertain
13. optimistic
14. unknown

Answer: D

Page ref: 130

 

10. The Colosseum (fig. 4.10) is a(n) __________.
11. bathhouse
12. amphitheater
13. mint
14. both A and B
15. none of the above

Answer: B

Page ref: 138

 

11. __________ preoccupation with violence and war in his writing may correspond to the fact that he was born in a time of civil war and grew up in a period of foreign wars and political strife.
12. Sallustus’
13. Livy’s
14. Tacitus’
15. Horace
16. Suetonius’

Answer: A

Page ref: 147

 

12. In the Republic of Rome plebeians initially depended on the patricians for support, initiating the system known as __________.
13. sychophanty
14. denigration
15. patronage
16. verism
17. pietas

Answer: C

Page ref: 132

 

13. The relief sculptures on the __________ can be seen as part of a general imperial program to revitalize the institutions of marriage and family in Roman life.
14. Colosseum
15. Column of Trajan
16. Ara Pacis
17. Pantheon
18. Augustus of Primaporta

Answer: C

Page ref: 140

 

True/False

14. Vitruvius was a Roman sculptor.

Answer: F

Page ref: 129

 

15. The Etruscans created the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing (fig. 4.3) at Tarquinia.

Answer: T

Page ref: 130

 

16. Constantine was the first Christian ruler of the Roman empire.

Answer: T

Page ref: 143

 

17. Stoicism is a Roman philosophy whose best known practitioners were Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius.

Answer: T

Page ref: 146

 

18. Catullus is known for his statues of leading historical figures of his day.

Answer: F

Page ref: 134

 

19. The Colosseum (fig. 4.10) is an amphitheater.

Answer: T

Page ref: 138

 

20. The tetrarchy was Diocletian’s division of the Roman empire into four parts.

Answer: T

Page ref: 136

 

21. Marcus Aurelius was a plebeian who overthrew the Etruscan kings to form the Roman Republic.

Answer: F

Page ref: 142

 

22. The Pont du Gard, Nimes (fig. 4.8) is an aqueduct.

Answer: T

Page ref: 134

 

Short Answer

23. List the media that the Etruscans are associated with and give examples of representative works in these media.

 

24. Explain the role of the family in Roman society.

 

25. What were the social classes established during the Roman Republic?

 

26. Outline how Greek art influenced that of Rome by paraphrasing Horace’s famous statement on this issue and giving an example of visual art that reflect Greek influence.

 

27. What are some reasons why Rome became the most powerful city in the ancient world?

 

28. What were the innovations of Roman engineering and what is the perfect instance of

these innovations?

 

29. How does the statue of Augustus of Primaporta (fig. 4.15) signal the move from the Republican period to that of the Empire?

 

30. How does the Roman amphitheater compare to that of the Greek both in form and in the entertainments on offer there?

 

31. Why does the art created under the emperor Constantine differ so greatly from that of earlier eras?

 

32. Summarize the plot and themes of Virgil’s Aeneid.

 

Essay

33. By analyzing several works of Roman art corroborate or refute the idea that the cultural achievements of Rome all came from Greek models.

 

34. The Roman emperors used art as a form of propaganda; that is, to serve as a way of legitimizing imperial power. Delineate the forms of propaganda by examining at least one art object and one literary work in depth.

 

35. Explore what characterizes art of the private sphere through an examination of at least three

Roman paintings.

 

Chapter 5: Judaism, Early Christianity, and Byzantine Civilizations

 

Multiple Choice

1. Humans, as portrayed in Byzantine mosaics, __________.
2. are not necessarily intended to be recognizable portraits of specific individuals
3. possess big dark eyes
4. have long noses
5. all of the answers
6. are depicted with small mouths

Answer: D

Page ref: 190

 

2. __________ was not a popular theme for catacomb paintings.
3. Noah and the Ark
4. The Crucifixion
5. Moses
6. Jonah and the Whale
7. Susana

Answer: B

Page ref: 182

 

3. __________ was the most important expounder of Christian doctrine after Paul.
4. Justinian
5. Pope Gregory
6. Augustine
7. Sebastian
8. none of the above

Answer: C

Page ref: 186

 

4. The stories of the Creation and the Fall, of the Great Flood, and of the Tower of Babel are called __________ stories, or tales about the origins and causes of things.
5. ending
6. historical
7. evangelical
8. etiological

Answer: D

Page ref: 177

 

5. In 313 C.E., Constantine issued the __________ which granted tolerance to those who

practiced Christianity.

1. Edict of Milan
2. Nicene Creed
3. Great Schism
4. Decalogue
5. Council of Trent

Answer: A

Page ref: 179

 

6. The Israelite prophets did not __________.
7. speak for God
8. function as mouthpieces, preaching what they had been instructed by God
9. teach the importance of living according to the Ten Commandments
10. operate as voices of conscience
11. foretell the future

Answer: E

Page ref: 174

 

7. Because __________, carving was scarce in the early Christian era, and sculpture was always secondary to painting and mosaics.
8. the early Christians did not know how to carve the stone
9. of the disdain for the worship of idols
10. the early Christians did not like the appearance of sculptures
11. both A and C
12. none of the above

Answer: B

Page ref: 180

 

8. The __________, found in the Qumran caves, contain scrolls of the book of Isaiah (fig. 5.2).
9. Vulgate
10. Dead Sea Scrolls
11. King James Bible
12. Gnostic Gospel of Thomas
13. Confessions

Answer: B

Page ref: 175

 

9. The design of the early Christian church was derived from the Roman __________ plan.
10. tomb
11. theater
12. basilica
13. house
14. forum

Answer: C

Page ref: 180

 

10. For the ancient Hebrews, divine acts like the conferring of the Ten Commandments were__________.
11. acknowledgements of their status as God’s Chosen People
12. proofs that nature gods exist
13. mysteries that were best forgotten
14. all of the above
15. none of the above

Answer: A

Page ref: 173

 

11. In works such as the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus (fig. 5.8), the various Bible stories depicted were intended to __________.
12. demonstrate the artist’s skill in portraying the human form in accurate proportions
13. provide the details of a story for an illiterate audience
14. entertain with their fanciful tales
15. focus on the drama of the scenes
16. bring to mind a story that the viewer was expected to know already

Answer: E

Page ref: 183

 

12. The __________ were distinct types of writing found in the New Testament.
13. Gospels
14. Epistles, or letters
15. Acts of the Apostles
16. Revelation
17. all of the above

Answer: E

Page ref: 183-185

 

13. __________ is the most elaborate church of the Second Golden Age of Byzantine art.
14. Hagia Sophia (fig. 5.13) in Istanbul
15. St. Mark’s (fig. 5.17) in Venice
16. San Vitale (fig. 5.11) in Ravenna
17. Santa Costanza (fig. 5.6) in Rome
18. Santi Pietro e Marcellino (fig. 5.9) in Rome

Answer: B

Page ref: 192

 

14. The evangelists are the __________ as expressed through the translation of the word from

the Greek.

1. “speakers of evil”
2. “doers of deeds”
3. “the ones who smell”
4. “those who sit in contemplations”
5. “bearers of the good news”

Answer: E

Page ref: 173

 

15. The pressing of the grapes seen in the ambulatory of Santa Constanza, Rome (fig. 5.6) is a(n) __________ subject adapted for Christian use.
16. Islamic
17. pagan
18. Buddhist
19. Taoist
20. Orisa

Answer: B

Page ref: 181

 

True/False

16. Jesus taught through parables which are stories that illustrate essential Christian principles.

Answer: T

Page ref: 178

 

17. The First Golden Age of Byzantine art was ushered in by the emperor Nero.

Answer: F

Page ref: 188

 

18. Two kinds of singing developed in the Christian service: responsorial and antiphonal.

Answer: T

Page ref: 185

 

19. Gnosticism was a major force in mainstream, orthodox Christianity.

Answer: F

Page ref: 187

 

20. The transition from circle to square in a Byzantine church was achieved through the use of sarcophagi.

Answer: F

Page ref: 192

 

21. The Early Christian basilica is derived from the Egyptian pyramid.

Answer: F

Page ref: 179

 

22. Judaism and Christianity are polytheistic religions.

Answer: F

Page ref: 173

 

23. Catacombs are the underground cemeteries of the Christians in and around Rome.

Answer: T

Page ref: 182

 

24. The permanent break or schism between the Eastern and Western churches took place in 800 C.E.

Answer: F

Page ref: 179

 

25. The early patriarchs of ancient Israel believed that they were favored by God who had made a covenant with them.

Answer: T

Page ref: 173

 

Short Answer

26. Outline the elements that allow one to read the Bible as literature.

 

27. What are the two essentials of the teachings of Jesus?

 

28. To what would you attribute Roman persecution of the Christians?

 

29. Provide an example of the Christian basilica and outline the advantages and disadvantages of this form of architecture.

 

30. What do Benton and DiYanni mean by “The Golden Age of Constantinople?”

 

31. Give an example of the form and style of an icon.

 

32. List the basic differences between early Judaism and Early Christianity.

 

33. What were the roots and forms of Early Christian music?

 

34. Who, after Paul, was the most important figure in expounding Early Christian doctrine and why?

 

35. What was the Iconoclastic Controversy and how did it affect art production?

 

Essay

36. Benton and DiYanni observe that, “[. . .] the Hebrew tradition was spiritual, mystical, and founded on faith.” How can this statement be supported by the Menorahs and Ark of the Covenant (fig. 5.1) wall painting?

 

37. Examine the merger of Roman style and Christian ideals in at least three works of art from the Early Christian era.

 

38. Color symbolism was extremely important to establishing an image of Byzantine rulers as powerful, as well as spiritual, beings. Explore the use of color as transmitter of meaning in the mosaics of Ravenna (fig. 5.11 and 5.12), the Creation Dome of St. Mark’s, Venice (fig. 5.18), and the Madonna and Child Enthroned (fig. 5.19).

 

Chapter 6: Islamic Civilization

 

Multiple Choice

1. The Bowl (fig. 6.9) from __________ is a good example of the effects of the Silk Route trade on Islamic aesthetic.
2. India
3. Iran
4. China
5. Rome
6. none of the above

Answer: B

Page ref: 227

 

2. The hundreds of __________ in the interior of the mosque at Cordova in Spain are one of its most

notable features.

1. prayer rugs
2. statues
3. fountains
4. columns
5. plants

Answer: D

Page ref: 221

 

3. Islam spread rapidly because __________.
4. its basic teachings are simple
5. its spiritual appeal
6. its commercial magnetism
7. through military subjugation
8. all of the above

Answer: E

Page ref: 216

 

4. The main mosque of Constantinople, the Mosque of Sultan Sulayman (Suleiman) (fig. 6.4), reflects the influence of __________.
5. San Vitale
6. Hagia Sophia
7. The Dome of the Rock
8. Alhambra Palace
9. none of the above

Answer: B

Page ref: 222

 

5. The chapters of the Quran, called __________, become shorter as the text progresses.
6. surahs
7. agas
8. rasas
9. khans
10. none of the above

Answer: A

Page ref: 217

 

6. __________ is the first major Persian poet.
7. Firdawsi
8. Umayyad
9. Rabia Al-Adawiyya
10. Averroes
11. Avicenna

Answer: A

Page ref: 228

 

7. During the period of the four orthodox caliphs, or representatives of Muhammad, music was classed as one of the mulahi or __________.
8. “Five Pillars” of Islam
9. chief means of worship
10. forbidden pleasures
11. higher forms of mathematics
12. Muhammad’s joys

Answer: C

Page ref: 229

 

8. __________ is not one the “Five Pillars” of Islam.
9. Repetition of the creed
10. Daily prayer
11. Memorizing the Quran
12. Fasting during Ramadan
13. Pilgrimage to Mecca

Answer: C

Page ref: 216

 

9. Persian poetry is almost always lyrical, and its most frequent subject is __________.
10. war
11. love
12. religion
13. politics
14. loneliness

Answer: B

Page ref: 227-28

 

True/False

10. Cordova is a city in Turkey where there was an Islamic empire.

Answer: F

Page ref: 222

 

11. The hadith consists of the coffin of Muhammed.

Answer: F

Page ref: 218

 

12. Calligraphy pervades Islamic art and is, in part, a reflection of traditional Muslim iconoclasm.

Answer: T

Page ref: 225

 

13. Avicenna and Averroes were two major voices of Islamic philosophy.

Answer: T

Page ref: 220

 

14. A convert to a Sufi order was called a fakir.

Answer: T

Page ref: 220

 

15. The Sufis believed that the psychic illumination of the trance brought about through the “whirling dervish” dance could bring mystical ecstasy and direct contact with the divine.

Answer: T

Page ref: 229

 

16. There are seven pillars of Islam.

Answer: F

Page ref: 219

 

17. Firdawsi was a Persian architect.

Answer: F

Page ref: 238

 

18. The muezzin is the person who ascends the staircase of a minaret to call faithful Muslims to prayer.

Answer: T

Page ref: 221

 

19. The hegira refers to Muhammad’s flight to Medina where he died a decade later.

Answer: T

Page ref: 217

 

Short Answer

20. What happened to Muhammad when he was around forty years old?

 

21. Who are the Shi’ites?

 

22. What is the view of Sufism toward women?

 

23. What were the reasons that, at first, Islam discouraged art?

 

24. What is the significance of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem for Jews, Christians, and Muslims respectively?

 

25. Why did calligraphy become popular in Islamic art?

 

26. What role does music play in the Islamic religion?

 

27. List the “Five Pillars” of Islam.

 

28. Outline the most important elements of the Muslim mosque and provide an example.

 

29. What is the significance of The Thousand and One Nights?

 

Essay

30. Compare and contrast the concept of God in early Judaism, early Christianity, and early Islam. How do particular works of art provide clues to concepts of divinity?

 

31. Why and how is architecture such an important part of conveying Muslim ideals?

 

32. Examine the effects of the Silk Trade on the production of Islamic art. What are the adaptations observed in Asian, Indian, and Spanish works of art, for instance?

 

Chapter 7: Indian Civilization

 

Multiple Choice

1. The American writer __________ was influenced by the Bhagavad Gita.
2. Ralph Waldo Emerson
3. Henry David Thoreau
4. Mark Twain
5. Walt Whitman
6. Emily Dickinson

Answer: B

Page ref: 257

 

2. __________ is the divine source of all being in the Hindu religion.
3. Brahman
4. Sakyamuni
5. Mahavira
6. Shiva
7. Ganesha

Answer: A

Page ref: 243

 

3. According to Benton and DiYanni, __________ is the most significant legacy of ancient India.
4. its temple design
5. its political system
6. its sculpture
7. the Hindu religious heritage
8. none of the above

Answer: D

Page ref: 257

 

4. The earliest significant body of Indian art extant today dates from the __________.
5. Vedic period
6. Maurya period
7. Gupta empire
8. Mogul empire
9. Chola period

Answer: B

Page ref: 246

 

5. __________ is the chief instrument used in playing ragas.
6. Voice
7. Sitar
8. Drum
9. Tambura
10. Flute

Answer: B

Page ref: 256

 

6. The Standing Buddha (fig. 7.6) characterizes the __________ style.
7. Vedic
8. Gupta
9. Maurya
10. Hindu dynasties
11. Post-Gupta

Answer: B

Page ref: 252

 

7. __________ is the earliest Indian literature.
8. The Vedas
9. The Mahahharata
10. The Ramayana
11. The Upanishads
12. The Gita Govinda

Answer: A

Page ref: 245

 

8. Various details on the Sarnath Lion Capital (fig. 7.2) are meant to suggest __________.
9. the presence of the Buddha
10. Hindu teachings
11. the political authority of Ashoka
12. Islamic presence in India
13. none of the above

Answer: A

Page ref: 248

 

9. Buddhism emerged as a political force in India under __________ reign.
10. Valmiki’s
11. Bharatha’s
12. Ashoka’s
13. Maurya’s
14. Shah Jahan’s

Answer: C

Page ref: 246

 

10. The __________ is(are) tales of the lives and incarnations of the Buddha.
11. yakshis
12. Pancatantra
13. Mahabharata
14. Surasun-daris
15. Jakata

Answer: E

Page ref: 252

 

11. __________ is perhaps the most famous of Hindu icons and has strict rules that govern its production, making it one of the most consist images produced in Hindu art.
12. Standing Buddha
13. Bodhisattva Padmapani
14. Ganesha
15. Shiva Nataraja (Lord of the Dance)
16. Mahadeo Temple, Khajuraho

Answer: D

Page ref: 255

 

12. Mahavira was the founder of __________.
13. Islam
14. Jainism
15. Buddhism
16. Hinduism
17. Confucianism

Answer: B

Page ref: 246

 

13. In transcribing the music of __________, the Julliard School of Music alumnus Philip Glass was so impressed by the background drone chord of the raga that he traveled to India many times to study.
14. Bhajan Sopori
15. Chatur Lal
16. Anindo Chaterjee
17. Ravi Shankar
18. Allaudin Khan

Answer: D

Page ref: 256

 

14. In Hinduism, __________ is the most popular of the three gods.
15. Shiva
16. Brahma
17. Vishnu
18. Kali
19. Parvati

Answer: C

Page ref: 243

 

15. When Aryan tribes from the Russian steppes and Central Asia settled in northern India around 1500 B.C.E. they brought the __________ religion with them.
16. Islamic
17. Jain
18. Hindu
19. Buddhist
20. Christian

Answer: C

Page ref: 243

 

True/False

16. The term samsara refers to the concept of reincarnation in both the Hindu and Buddhist religions.

Answer: T

Page ref: 244

 

17. The Taj Mahal (fig. 7.9) is a temple.

Answer: F

Page ref: 254

 

18. The urna is the cranial protuberance signifying symbolic omniscient power.

Answer: F

Page ref: 251

 

19. Sanskrit is a kind of Hindu temple.

Answer: F

Page ref: 243

 

20. The sitar is the primary instrument, apart from the human voice itself, used in Indian music.

Answer: T

Page ref: 256

 

21. Bodhisattvas are beings who have attained enlightenment, but choose to remain on earth to help others on their path to enlightenment.

Answer: T

Page ref: 251

 

22. Lakshmi is the consort of the Hindu god Vishnu.

Answer: T

Page ref: 243

 

23. The Mahabharata is an Indian epic that relates to Buddhism.

Answer: F

Page ref: 245

 

24. Bhakti is Hindu devotional religious poetry.

Answer: T

Page ref: 255

 

25. There are “Four Noble Truths” and an “Eightfold Path” in Buddhism.

Answer: T

Page ref: 247

 

Short Answer

36. Outline the Hindu caste system.

 

37. How do The Upanishads illustrate the Hindu concepts of maya (illusion) and karma (action)? Provide an example from the text that demonstrates one of these concepts.

 

38. What are the tenets of Jainism?

 

39. What are the “Four Noble Truths” and the “Eightfold Path” of Buddhism?

 

40. How do Hinduism and Islam contrast?

 

41. Describe the cire perdue (“lost wax”) process of casting and give an example of its use.

 

42. Concisely explore how the form of the Taj Mahal (fig. 7.10) reflects the Islamic principles of the Mughal monarchy.

 

43. List at least two instruments used and describe how they contribute to the essential aspects of

Indian music.

 

44. Outline the effect the Bhagavad Gita had on at least two literary, religious, or political figures of the nineteenth or twentieth-centuries.

 

45. What are the Vedas and how were they used?

 

Essay

46. Choose at three art works and at two literary texts from the following list of manuscripts: the Ramayana, Mahabharata, the Jakata Tales, or the Pancatantra, to explore the links between written and visual materials.

 

47. Explain how the city of Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Valley seals (fig. 7.1) suggest that the early people of India, known as the Dasas, were a sophisticated culture.

 

48. Compare and contrast Indian art that reflects Hindu, Buddhist, and Islamic religions.

 

Chapter 8: Early Chinese Civilization

 

Multiple Choice

1. The purpose of the army of terra cotta figures found buried in the mausoleum of the first Qin emperor was to __________.
2. march ceremoniously
3. scare off grave robbers
4. pay tribute to the emperor
5. prevent evil spirits from taking the emperor’s soul
6. serve the ruler in the afterlife

Answer: E

Page ref: 279

 

2. __________ was the founder of Taoism.
3. Lipo
4. Laozi
5. Confucius
6. Buddha
7. Mahavira

Answer: B

Page ref: 277

 

3. At __________ archaeologists have found rich burial sites, but no city walls or dwellings which has led them to believe that this site may have been a royal burial site for another city.
4. Beijing
5. Sufutun
6. Anyang
7. Ningbo
8. Guanzhou

Answer: C

Page ref: 274

 

4. The __________ dynasty unified China for the first time.
5. Zhou
6. Qin
7. Tang
8. Han
9. Shang

Answer: B

Page ref: 279

 

5. Confucius’s sayings were collected in the fifth century in a volume called __________.
6. Taodejing
7. The Tale of Genji
8. The Analects
9. The Book of Songs
10. The I Ching

Answer: C

Page ref: 275

 

6. The yin and yang represent __________.
7. Confucius and Laozi
8. harmonious integration
9. bronze and jade
10. both A and C
11. none of the above

Answer: B

Page ref: 278

 

7. __________ refers to the Confucian teaching of virtue.
8. Li
9. Jen
10. Te
11. Wen
12. Yi

Answer: C

Page ref: 276

 

8. During the Song dynasty, China saw within its borders the invention of __________.
9. the steam engine and the thermometer
10. paper currency and gunpowder
11. movable type and bamboo
12. embroidery and social etiquette
13. lace-making

Answer: B

Page ref: 280

 

9. Confucius considered the arts a(n) __________.
10. distraction in his quest for order and harmony
11. a social obligation
12. dangerous pastime that stirred the people to rebellion
13. means to an eternal reward after death
14. form of moral education

Answer: E

Page ref: 276

 

10. The earliest of the Chinese eras for which archaeological evidence has been found is that of the __________ dynasty.
11. Tang
12. Song
13. Qin
14. Han
15. Shang

Answer: E

Page ref: 274

 

11. Taoist architecture employs __________.
12. intricate designs
13. wood in its natural state
14. lacquered wood
15. ceremonial details
16. cloisonné

Answer: B

Page ref: 277

 

12. __________ is(are) the earliest known Chinese literature.
13. Prose tales
14. Epic poetry
15. Lyric poetry
16. Novellas
17. Sagas

Answer: C

Page ref: 278

 

13. The most numerous and important Shang artifacts are made of __________.
14. wood
15. gold
16. bronze
17. jade
18. silver

Answer: C

Page ref: 275

 

14. Li Song’s The Red Cliff (fig. 8.10) visualizes the prose poetry of __________, “in which feelings of unity with nature can dispel human unhappiness.”
15. Shen Zhou
16. Su Shi
17. Li Bai
18. Wang-Wei
19. Du Fu

Answer: B

Page ref: 284

 

15. According to Confucius, the ideal relationship that should exist between people is __________.
16. li
17. jen
18. te
19. wen
20. yi

Answer: B

Page ref: 276

 

16. Li Bai and Du Fu were two of the great practitioners of __________.
17. shih
18. Indian monumental sculpture
19. terra cotta figure making
20. music honoring Chinese ancestors
21. puppetry

Answer: A

Page ref: 280

 

17. __________ painted Seeking the Tao in the Autumn Mountains (fig. 8.8).
18. Guo Xi
19. Zhu Jan
20. Liang Kai
21. Takayoshi
22. Shen Zhou

Answer: B

Page ref: 283

 

18. Confucius, who lived in a period of political chaos and moral confusion, emphasized

the __________.

1. importance of traditional values
2. benefits of anarchy
3. disadvantages of social cohesion
4. need for people to speak their minds
5. art of ritual purification

Answer: A

Page ref: 275

 

19. Song dynasty ceramics were often glazed with various shades of __________.
20. blue
21. yellow
22. green
23. orange
24. red

Answer: C

Page ref: 284-6

 

20. A mark of the immense wealth of the Zhou rulers were __________ discovered in the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zheng (fig. 8.2).
21. monumental carillon, consisting of sixty-five bronze bells
22. scarabs
23. golden masks
24. dolls made of brass
25. both A and B

Answer: A

Page ref: 276

 

True/False

21. The concept of yin and yang are visually represented as a diamond within a square.

Answer: F

Page ref: 278

 

22. The Shang dynasty spanned from about 2000 B.C.E. until the eleventh century B.C.E.

Answer: T

Page ref: 274

 

23. The sayings of Confucius were collected in a text called the Pancatantra.

Answer: F

Page ref: 275

 

24. There are seven sages of the bamboo grove in the Six dynasties tradition.

Answer: T

Page ref: 282

 

25. Marco Polo was a German Jesuit who traveled to China.

Answer: F

Page ref: 285

 

26. During the time of Confucius and Laozi music was classified by its social functions.

Answer: T

Page ref: 278

 

27. The Qin dynasty from which China gets its name was extremely long-lasting.

Answer: F

Page ref: 278

 

28. There are five qualities valued in Confucian teachings: li, jen, te, wen and yi.

Answer: T

Page ref: 276

 

29. Neo-Confucianism, which developed during the Song dynasty, fused Taoism and Buddhism into

one system.

Answer: T

Page ref: 283

 

Short Answer

30. What is a fang ding and when was it used?

 

31. List the four qualities valued in Confucian teaching.

 

32. What view did Confucius hold of music?

 

33. Why is Taoism often considered a philosophy rather than a religion?

 

34. What is the goal of Taoism?

 

35. What do the yin and yang represent?

 

36. Compare the poetry of Du Fu with that of Li Bai.

 

37. Which two conditions necessary for artistic development did the rule of the Song emperors create?

 

38. Outline scholars’ views on Marco Polo’s text Travels. Which perspective is most convincing and why?

 

39. What is Neo-Confucianism?

 

Essay

40. How does Confucianism compare to other religions? Be sure to treat at least three works and two religious traditions in addition to Confucianism.

 

41. How are the principles of Taoism expressed in early Chinese art?

 

42. Explore how the Shang’s art reflects the power of the god-king rulers.

 

Chapter 9: Early Japanese Civilization

 

Multiple Choice

1. A model of the warrior culture of Japan in the Kamakura period is __________.
2. Shokintei
3. illustration of The Tale of Genji
4. Minamoto no Yoritomo
5. Noh Mask: Ko-omote
6. all of the above

Answer: C

Page ref: 304

 

2. Horyu-ji (fig. 9.3) is a(the) __________.
3. tea ceremony
4. achievement of enlightenment
5. narrative handscroll
6. oldest wooden temple in the world
7. form of Japanese music

Answer: D

Page ref: 300

 

3. __________ is considered the first important novel in world literature.
4. The Analects
5. Nihongi
6. The Book of Songs
7. Early Spring
8. The Tale of Genji

Answer: E

Page ref: 302

 

4. Zen and Japanese Culture was written by __________.
5. Eugene Herrigel
6. D.T. Suzuki
7. Robert Pirsig
8. Yoshida Kenko
9. Lady Murasaki

Answer: B

Page ref: 309

 

5. One aspect of Zen thought is that by drinking tea in a small hut, with only a few companions, an individual could experience __________ or “lonely seclusion.”
6. wabi
7. wu-wei
8. satori
9. yin and yang
10. shizen

Answer: A

Page ref: 305

 

6. __________ figures were placed around graves, perhaps to help earth stay in place.
7. Ushabti
8. Articulated doll
9. Haniwa
10. Keyhole
11. both A and C

Answer: C

Page ref: 299

 

7. The earliest Japanese wooden sculpture and architecture, that of the Asuka period, is closely identified with __________.
8. Taoism
9. Hinduism
10. Buddhism
11. Confucianism
12. Islam

Answer: C

Page ref: 300

 

8. The oldest volume of Japanese history is __________.
9. The Tale of Genji
10. Nihongi
11. waka
12. renga
13. Kojiki

Answer: E

Page ref: 302

 

9. The __________ people are known for their “cord patterned” decoration.
10. Jomon
11. Nara
12. Kamakura
13. Muromachi
14. Momoyama

Answer: A

Page ref: 299

 

True/False

10. Noh plays combine chant, mime, and dance and are traditionally performed in sets of five plays, one each for a god, warrior, woman, and demon with an additional contemporary of miscellaneous play.

Answer: T

Page ref: 303

 

11. The Tale of Genji is attributed to Tori Busshi.

Answer: F

Page ref: 302

 

12. The Kamakura period ended in civil war in 1333 C.E.

Answer: T

Page ref: 305

 

13. The gods of the Shinto religion are called kami.

Answer: T

Page ref: 300

 

14. Emaki-mano refers to the rituals of the Japanese tea ceremony.

Answer: F

Page ref: 302

 

15. Wabi or “lonely seclusion” is associated with Taoism.

Answer: F

Page ref: 305

16. In Pure Land Buddhism the devotee must walk around in circles as a method for

obtaining enlightenment.

Answer: F

Page ref: 303

 

17. Jomon means “cord patterned” and refers to the earliest of Japanese cultures.

Answer: T

Page ref: 299

 

18. The waka is a form of poetry with syllables of 5-7-5-7-7 and often treats romantic love.

Answer: T

Page ref: 302

 

Short Answer

19. Describe how Buddhism and Shintoism converged by the ninth-century in Japan.

 

20. List the tenets of Zen Buddhism and provide an example from art or literature.

 

21. What is the Tale of Genji and how does it reflect life at the Heian court?

 

22. Describe the Noh theatre.

 

23. What is Pure Land Buddhism?

 

24. Describe the elements of the rise of warrior culture during the Kamakura and Ashikaga periods.

 

25. What is the object in sumo wrestling and what are some of the rituals involved in this sport?

 

26. Why do you think Zen appeals to western audiences?

 

27. What is a haniwa and what was the possible use of such a figure?

 

28. To what does the term “jomon” refer and what is an example of its use?

 

Essay

29. Examine the influence of China on Japanese culture. What is unique about the adaptation of religious, political, and social elements into specific art objects.

 

30. Explore the role of women in the production of culture during the Heian era. Treat both literary and visual works in your analysis.

 

31. Zen Buddhism rose quickly into a pervasive element of Japanese culture. How does the tea ceremony reflect Zen principles?

 

Chapter 10: Early Civilizations of the Americas and Africa

 

Multiple Choice

1. The statue of Coatlicue (fig. 10.7) is from the __________ civilization.
2. Incan
3. Aztec
4. Mayan
5. Olmec
6. Moche

Answer: B

Page ref: 328

 

2. The works of the __________ culture is among the earliest Mesoamerican art that has been found.
3. Aztecs
4. Olmecs
5. Toltecs
6. Zapotecs
7. Mixtecs

Answer: B

Page ref: 321

 

3. The Great Serpent Mound (fig. 10.15) in Adams County, Ohio, was built by the __________ people.
4. Aztec
5. Adena
6. Mayan
7. Moche
8. Northwest Coast

Answer: B

Page ref: 335

 

4. The central activity of the Aztec state was __________.
5. war
6. agriculture
7. developing overseas markets
8. religious indoctrination
9. forming political alliances

Answer: A

Page ref: 326

 

5. The people of Teotihuacán are best known for their __________.
6. ceramics
7. pyramids
8. stone carvings
9. murals
10. temples

Answer: B

Page ref: 322

 

6. In Teotihuacáan, Mexico, the __________ links the underworld to the heavens, the forces of life and death.
7. Pyramid of the Sun
8. central courtyard
9. Temple of Quetzalcoatl
10. Avenue of the Dead
11. workshops

Answer: A

Page ref: 322

 

7. Tikal is one of the most important sites of classic __________ culture.
8. Incan
9. Aztec
10. Mayan
11. Olmec
12. Moche

Answer: C

Page ref: 324

 

8. The Mayan culture appears to have lasted from about __________.
9. 1300 B.C.E. to 600 B.C.E.
10. 250 B.C.E. to 900 C.E.
11. 100 to 800 C.E.
12. 900 to 1200 C.E.
13. 800 B.C.E to 550 B.C.E.

Answer: B

Page ref: 324

 

9. The __________ are the Christian catechetical schools of Alexandria, Egypt.
10. Orisa
11. Chushitic
12. Batwa
13. t’eff
14. Didascalia

Answer: E

Page ref: 339

 

10. __________ are the two calendars used by the Maya.
11. Hunting and farming
12. Hunting and ritual
13. Seasonal and astronomical
14. Farming and sacred
15. Day and night

Answer: D

Page ref: 324

 

11. Ancient Olmec art is associated with __________.
12. pyramids
13. vase painting
14. stone carving
15. temples
16. bronze casting

Answer: C

Page ref: 321

 

12. A __________ is an elaborate ceremony hosted by the chief in Northwest Coast groups of

North America.

1. kiva
2. potlatch
3. geoglyph
4. “flower song”
5. Bahlum

Answer: B

Page ref: 333

 

13. The Head of an Iyoba (fig. 10.19) represents a king of the people of __________.
14. Mexico
15. Ethiopia
16. Peru
17. Zimbabwe
18. Benin

Answer: E

Page ref: 341

 

14. Ancient inhabitants of the Southwest region of North America were called the __________.
15. Aztec
16. Nazca
17. Buffalo hunters
18. Toltec
19. Anasazi

Answer: E

Page ref: 333

 

15. The __________ culture called their empire Tawantinsuyu or “Land of Four Quarters.”
16. Nazca
17. Incan
18. Aztec
19. Mayan
20. Baule

Answer: B

Page ref: 330

 

16. __________ is(are) the most frequently cited aspect of Aztec culture.
17. Totem poles
18. Geoglyphs
19. Human sacrifice
20. Temple-pyramids
21. Tombs

Answer: C

Page ref: 326

 

17. __________ was the most devastating change as far as the buffalo were concerned.
18. The coming of the Europeans
19. A great earthquake between 650 and 700 C.E.
20. The tribal hunters who migrated from Asia
21. Climate change
22. A massive flood of the Plains region

Answer: A

Page ref: 335

 

18. The archaeologist Alberto Ruz discovered the __________.
19. temple architecture of Tikal
20. tomb of Pacal
21. pyramids of Teotihuacán
22. stone carvings of the Olmecs
23. capital city of the Aztecs, Tenochtitlan

Answer: B

Page ref: 325

 

19. __________ lived around great huacas.
20. Moche
21. Inca
22. Nazca
23. Aztec
24. Chavin

Answer: A

Page ref: 329

 

20. The greatest Aztec families claimed descent from the __________.
21. Olmecs
22. Mayans
23. Toltecs
24. Nazcas
25. Bahlum

Answer: C

Page ref: 325

 

21. The Ice Age tribal hunters who migrated into the Americas came from __________.
22. Asia
23. Africa
24. Europe
25. Greenland
26. Anarctica

Answer: A

Page ref: 320

 

22. The __________ record(s) the history of the Palenque kings.
23. Tikal temple-pyramids
24. Peruvian huacas
25. Pyramid of the Sun
26. Temple of Quetzalcoatl
27. Temple of Inscriptions

Answer: E

Page ref: 326

 

23. __________ is associated with the Incan culture.
24. Mesa Verde
25. Temple of Inscriptions
26. Great Serpent Mound
27. Machu Picchu
28. The Cahokia site

Answer: D

Page ref: 331

 

24. The Wacah Chan is(are) __________.
25. giant temple-pyramids used for religious rituals
26. a calendar used by the Mayan culture
27. a type of nut
28. a town located high in the Andes mountains
29. a great tree in the Mayan universe

Answer: E

Page ref: 324

 

25. The __________ culture is linked to temple-pyramids.
26. Chavin
27. Aztec
28. Toltec
29. Inca
30. Mayan

Answer: E

Page ref: 325

 

True/False

26. The Phoenician settlement at Carthage fused with the Berber-speaking populations of North and northeastern Africa to create a culture called the Punic.

Answer: T

Page ref: 339

 

27. The Popol Vuh is an epic narrative created by the Mayans.

Answer: T

Page ref: 324

 

28. Teotihuacán is Mesoamerican site in Mexico.

Answer: T

Page ref: 321

 

29. The buffalo was a staple in the life of the Moundbuilders throughout Mississippi and Ohio

River basins.

Answer: F

Page ref: 335

 

30. The Inca are a people of ancient Africa.

Answer: F

Page ref: 330

 

31. The earliest of the Mesoamerican cultures is the Olmec who inhabited the southern coast of the

Gulf of Mexico.

Answer: T

Page ref: 321

 

32. Swahili translates as “people of the plains.”

Answer: F

Page ref: 341

 

33. Nahuatl was the primary Moche language of Peru.

Answer: F

Page ref: 327

 

34. Machu Picchu (fig. 10.11) was abandoned after the arrival of Francisco Pizarro and the

Spanish conquistadores.

Answer: T

Page ref: 331

 

35. The totem pole is typical of the people of the Northwest Coast.

Answer: T

Page ref: 333

 

Short Answer

36. List the ancient Mesoamerican cultures and state where each was prominent.

 

37. What are the shared features of Mesoamerican civilizations?

 

38. For the Maya, what were the three layers of the universe?

 

39. Examine the role of chocolate in Mesoamerican and European cultures.

 

40. What is a potlatch and which people celebrated it?

 

41. What is a typical form of religious structure among the Native Americans of the Southwest?

 

42. Who were the Moundbuilders of North America, and where is the largest site associated with

them located?

 

43. What are the innovations of the early peoples of Africa?

 

44. What is pantheism and what is an example of it in art or literature?

 

45. Describe aspects of Christianity that existed in North and Northeastern Africa before 1800.

 

Essay

46. Explain the religious and cultural aspects that have survived in Latin American art and literature from antiquity to now.

 

47. Explore—through an analysis of at least three works—the impact of conquest and of colonization on the Americas and Africa.

 

48. Compare how the physical environments of the Americas and of Africa affected the art that was created by examining the works of at least three cultural groups of these regions of the world.

 

Chapter 11: Early Middle Ages and the Romanesque

 

Multiple Choice

1. Marie de France best known for her __________.
2. lais
3. romance
4. poems
5. medieval dramas
6. mystery plays

Answer: A

Page ref: 370

 

2. The __________ are not an Anglo-Saxon tribe.
3. Angles
4. Jutes
5. Saxons
6. Celts
7. all of the above

Answer: D

Page ref: 357

 

3. The earliest monastic guidelines were provided by __________.
4. St. Augustine
5. St. Francis of Assisi
6. St. Thomas Aquinas
7. St. Benedict
8. Hildegard of Bingen

Answer: D

Page ref: 359

 

4. __________ contains the texts of the four gospels in Latin.
5. Book of Kells
6. Caedmon’s Hymn
7. Song of Roland
8. Ecclesiastical History of the English People
9. Winchester Psalter

Answer: A

Page ref: 357

 

5. To __________ was the chief purpose of a pilgrimage.
6. play the games of childhood
7. allow for religious expression
8. help the sick and the destitute
9. allow people to join a community of believers
10. worship relics of the saints

Answer: E

Page ref: 364

 

6. A(n) __________ contains the items for veneration that pilgrims came to view.
7. cathedral
8. reliquary
9. baptistery
10. campanile
11. ambulatory

Answer: B

Page ref: 368

 

7. __________ is the oldest extant Old English poem.
8. Caedmon’s Hymn
9. The Book of Kells
10. Beowulf
11. Song of Roland
12. Canterbury Tales

Answer: A

Page ref: 358

 

8. __________ is the pilgrimage church that offers a solution to the problem of obtaining direct light in the nave.
9. Saint-Martin, Tours
10. Saint-Martial, Limoges
11. Sainte-Madeleine, Vézelay
12. Saint-Sernin, Toulouse
13. Pisa Baptistery

Answer: C

Page ref: 365

 

9. A characteristic form of painting, some of the only ones to survive in good condition from the Early Medieval era, are called __________.
10. copes
11. madrigals
12. chasubles
13. illuminated manuscripts
14. cabochons

Answer: D

Page ref: 357

 

10. That __________ was the basic ideal of a medieval monastery.
11. the monastery should be self-sufficient
12. the monastery was a place for prayer, not for living
13. the monastery was suited to the needs of the congregation, not the monks
14. every monastery should be exactly the same
15. buildings should be lavish and proclaim the wealth of the monastic order

Answer: A

Page ref: 359

 

11. The tympanum at Vezelay (fig. 11.13) portrays the __________.
12. Birth of Jesus
13. Last Judgment
14. Mission of the Apostles
15. Apocalypse
16. Acts of the Saints

Answer: C

Page ref: 367

 

12. The greatest of the Anglo-Saxon Germanic epics is __________.
13. Caedmon’s Hymn
14. The Book of Kells
15. Beowulf
16. Song of Roland
17. Lindisfarne Gospels

Answer: C

Page ref: 357

 

13. __________ is the architectural style of all five of the great pilgrimage churches.
14. Gothic
15. Classical
16. Byzantine
17. Romanesque
18. Carolingian

Answer: D

Page ref: 364

d, page 377

 

14. The literary work __________ exemplifies the values of French feudal society.
15. The Lindisfarne Gospels
16. The Book of Kells
17. Beowulf
18. The Song of Roland
19. I Love the Glad Time of Easter

Answer: D

Page ref: 358

 

15. A(n) __________ topped the cathedral in Pisa from 1100 until 1828.
16. statue of St. Peter
17. statue of Pope Leo III
18. bust of St. Thomas Aquinas
19. Islamic bronze griffin
20. representation of the Star of Bethlehem

Answer: D

Page ref: 367

 

16. The __________, which King John was forced to sign by barons outraged at the cost of his campaigns against France, was among the first documents to set limits on royal authority.
17. Barons’ Code
18. Magna Carta
19. Knights’ List
20. John’s Law
21. both A and C

Answer: B

Page ref: 363

 

17. The “Leaning Tower of Pisa” is a __________.
18. cathedral
19. tympanum
20. baptistery
21. campanile
22. aquamanile

Answer: D

Page ref: 366

 

18. The Norman conquest of England is chronicled in the __________.
19. Song of Roland
20. Bayeux Tapestry
21. Treaty of Verdun
22. Gospel Book of Charlemagne
23. Edict of Milan

Answer: B

Page ref: 362

 

19. The art of __________ is viewed as demonstrating the turning point from the Romanesque into

the Gothic.

1. Gislebertus
2. Bernart de Ventadorn
3. Andreas Cappelanus
4. Odo of Metz
5. Nicholas of Verdun

Answer: E

Page ref: 368

 

20. A Purse Cover (fig. 11.1) discovered in the burial ship found at Sutton Hoo is decorated in the __________ style.
21. animal
22. Rayonnant Gothic
23. Flamboyant Gothic
24. International
25. abstract

Answer: A

Page ref: 357

 

21. __________ composed The Symphony of the Harmony of Celestial Revelations.
22. Bernart de Ventadorn
23. Chrétien de Troyes
24. Marie de France
25. Hildegard of Bingen
26. Cappelanus

Answer: D

Page ref: 371

 

22. An early version of feudalism was instituted by __________.
23. St. Benedict
24. King Philip Augustus
25. King John
26. Richard the Lionheart
27. Charlemagne

Answer: E

Page ref: 358

 

23. __________ wrote the Chevalier de la Charette, a romance narrative.
24. Chrétien de Troyes
25. Arnaut Daniel
26. Beatrice, Countess of Dia
27. Bernart de Ventadorn
28. Hildegard of Bingen

Answer: A

Page ref: 371

 

24. The monks from Rome brought the _________ tradition of Church music to other Christian areas.
25. Neumes
26. Gregorian Chant
27. Cabochon
28. Mandorla
29. both C and D

Answer: B

Page ref: 361

 

25. The __________ is an illuminated manuscript from Ireland that dates to c. 800 C.E.
26. Book of Kells
27. Gospel book of Charlemagne
28. Lindisfarne Gospels
29. Lindau Gospels
30. Ebbo Gospels

Answer: A

Page ref: 357

 

True/False

 

26. Hildegard of Bingen was the head of a German convent attached to the Benedictine monastery outside Bingen, near present-day Frankfurt.

Answer: T

Page ref: 371

 

27. The troubadours were poet-musicians who spread the chivalric code in the area of Sweden during the Romanesque period.

Answer: F

Page ref: 369

 

28. The Norman Conquest refers to the British defeat of the Germans in 1066 C.E.

Answer: F

Page ref: 362

 

29. The items venerated by pilgrims were placed in containers called reliquaries.

Answer: T

Page ref: 368

 

30. The Song of Roland is a chanson de geste dating to the mid eleventh- century.

Answer: T

Page ref: 358

 

31. Latin liturgical texts sung to a single melody line without instrumental accompaniment is

called monophony.

Answer: T

Page ref: 361

 

32. A folio is a page of an illuminated manuscript.

Answer: T

Page ref: 357

 

33. The lais (lays) are narratives that recount one or more miraculous or marvelous incidents and adventures concerning romantic love.

Answer: T

Page ref: 370

 

34. In a monastery the refectory is a space open to the sky that usually contains a source of water or a well in the center.

Answer: F

Page ref: 359

 

Short Answer

35. The collision of which two cultural forces characterize the beginning of the Early Middle Ages?

 

36. What characterizes the “animal style” and what is a good visual example of this?

 

37. Describe the process of creating an illuminated manuscript.

 

38. Outline the plot and themes of the Germanic tale of Beowulf.

 

39. Discuss the elements of feudalism.

 

40. How did the guilds and their participation in mystery plays establish order in the burgeoning cities of the Middle Ages?

 

41. Outline the features of a Romanesque church and give an example of one.

 

42. Define the chivalric tradition and list at least five of its features as expressed in Andreas Cappelanus’ The Art of Courtly Love.

 

43. Describe the features of the Romanesque church portal.

 

44. List the roles of women in the Middle Ages. Is there a difference that depends on class status?

 

Essay

45. Trace how Romanesque churches were shaped by cultural and geographic elements as well as

religious stipulations.

 

46. Explain how the Early Middle Ages “were a period of tremendous cultural accomplishments” rather than a “Dark Age” as it had been described for some time.

 

47. Examine the role of monasticism, pilgrimage, and the crusades in the development of art from the Early Middle Ages through the Romanesque.

 

Chapter 12: Gothic and Late Middle Ages

 

Multiple Choice

1. The Gothic style first developed around __________.
2. 1080
3. 1140
4. 1420
5. 1272
6. 1055

Answer: B

Page ref: 385

 

2. Duccio is to Siena as Giotto is to __________.
3. Pisa
4. Milan
5. Ghent
6. Paris
7. Padua

Answer: E

Page ref: 407

 

3. The Cathedral of Notre-Dame (figs. 12.3 and 12.4) in Paris is an example of the __________.
4. Early Gothic
5. High Gothic
6. Rayonnant Gothic
7. Flamboyant Gothic
8. Late Romanesque

Answer: A

Page ref: 387

 

4. The__________ was the most celebrated literary work of the Middle Ages.
5. Decameron
6. Divine Comedy
7. Canterbury Tales
8. Book of the City of Ladies
9. The Book of Feat of Arms and Chivalry

Answer: B

Page ref: 402

 

5. The Gothic style began __________.
6. at Notre-Dame, Paris
7. the royal abbey of Saint-Denis, located just north of Paris
8. Westminster Abbey, London
9. Florence Cathedral, Florence
10. in England at Sutton Hoo

Answer: B

Page ref: 386

 

6. The number __________ assumed special importance for the builders at Chartres.
7. one
8. four
9. five
10. six
11. three

Answer: E

Page ref: 388

 

7. The Notre-Dame, Chartres (fig. 12.5) was dedicated to __________.
8. Benedictine monks
9. St. Thomas Aquinas
10. the Virgin Mary
11. Pope Leo III
12. Louis IX

Answer: C

Page ref: 388

 

8. Dante’s Paradiso is based on __________.
9. his notions of purgatory
10. the betrayal of God by Satan
11. the seven planets of medieval astronomy
12. the theology of Thomas Aquinas
13. his investigations of alchemy

Answer: C

Page ref: 404

 

9. __________ cathedral is the first masterpiece of the High Gothic.
10. Notre-Dame, Chartres
11. Sainte-Chapelle, Paris
12. Saint-Maclou, Rouen
13. Notre-Dame, Paris
14. Notre-Dame, Amiens

Answer: A

Page ref: 387-8

 

10. The Unicorn in Captivity (fig. 12.19), from the Unicorn Tapestries, is characterized by __________.
11. unique use of light
12. controversial use of gargoyles
13. focus on how the lower classes lived
14. dense background of plants
15. a monochromatic palette

Answer: D

Page ref: 397-9

 

11. __________ is an example of the Flamboyant Gothic style.
12. Notre-Dame, Reims
13. Notre-Dame, Chartres
14. Saint-Maclou, Rouen
15. Sainte-Chapelle, Paris
16. Royal Abbey, Saint Denis

Answer: C

Page ref: 391

 

12. Early Gothic is represented by __________.
13. Chapel of Henry VII
14. Florence Cathedral
15. Salisbury Cathedral
16. Notre-Dame, Paris
17. Wells Cathedral

Answer: D

Page ref: 387

 

13. The Hundred Years’ War involved __________.
14. Italy and Germany
15. England and Flanders
16. France and Italy
17. Greece and Spain
18. France and England

Answer: E

Page ref: 406

 

14. The Annunciation and Visitation (fig. 12.14) sculptures on the west façade of Reims Cathedral are of the __________ style.
15. Early Gothic
16. High Gothic
17. Rayonnant Gothic
18. Flamboyant Gothic
19. International

Answer: B

Page ref: 394-5

 

15. The Notre Dame, Paris (figs. 12.3 and 12.4) is a famous devotional image of __________.
16. Jesus
17. the Virgin Mary
18. the apostles
19. John the Baptist
20. the patriarchs

Answer: B

Page ref: 387

 

16. The Limbourg Brothers’ Les Très Riches Heures of the duke of Berry (fig. 12.17) is an example of the __________ style.
17. animal
18. marginalia
19. Flamboyant Gothic
20. Rayonnant Gothic
21. International

Answer: E

Page ref: 396

 

17. Sainte-Chapelle (fig. 12.8) in Paris is in the __________ style.
18. Early Gothic
19. High Gothic
20. Rayonnant Gothic
21. Flamboyant Gothic
22. Perpendicular Gothic

Answer: C

Page ref: 389

 

18. According to religious interpretation, the unicorn in the Unicorn Tapestries represent __________.
19. Jesus as a child
20. the Virgin Mary
21. Jesus at the Resurrection
22. the Holy Spirit
23. the Genesis story

Answer: C

Page ref: 397

 

19. Giovanni Pisano is known primarily as a __________.
20. poet
21. muralist
22. sculptor
23. theologian
24. politiciam

Answer: C

Page ref: 407

 

20. The first building on the site where the Louvre now stands was a(n) __________.
21. prison
22. royal residence
23. fortress with a keep, surrounded by a moat
24. Institute for Advanced Studies
25. zoo

Answer: C

Page ref: 385

 

21. In Dante’s Inferno, the most grievous and heinous of sinners are punished more severely than those who committed less odious crimes in life. In this regard, Dante’s poem is indebted to the theology

of __________.

1. St. Augustine
2. St. Benedict
3. St. Francis of Assisi
4. St. Thomas Aquinas
5. Thomas Beckett

Answer: D

Page ref: 402-404

 

22. I.M. Pei designed a(n) __________ to serve as the Louvre’s new entrance in 1988.
23. sundial
24. glass pyramid
25. cromlech
26. fan vaulting
27. dromos

Answer: B

Page ref: 385

 

23. The city of __________ dominated the later Middle Ages.
24. Rome
25. Ghent
26. Athens
27. London
28. Paris

Answer: E

Page ref: 384

 

24. __________ wrote The Canterbury Tales.
25. Christine de Pizan
26. Chaucer
27. Perotin
28. Guillaume de Machaut
29. Nicola Pisano

Answer: B

Page ref: 409

 

25. __________ combined Aristotelian philosophy and Catholic religious thought.
26. St. Benedict
27. St. Augustine
28. St. Thomas Aquinas
29. St. Francis of Assisi
30. St. Ignatius Loyola

Answer: C

Page ref: 401

 

True/False

26. Sainte-Chapelle (fig. 12.8) uses the Rayonnant style of Gothic.

Answer: T

Page ref: 389

 

27. Les Trés Riches Heures of the duke of Berry (fig. 12.17) was created by Duccio.

Answer: F

Page ref: 396

 

28. Geoffrey Chaucer is the author of a set of tales in the vernacular called the Canterbury Tales.

Answer: T

Page ref: 409

 

29. The three elements that define Gothic architecture are: pointed arches and vaults, ribs, and

flying buttresses.

Answer: T

Page ref: 386

 

30. Dante wrote the Magna Carta.

Answer: F

Page ref: 402

 

31. “Giotto’s Tower” is the name given to the campanile of the cathedral of the city of Pisa.

Answer: F

Page ref: 393

 

32. Léonin was an important composer of chant in the twelfth century.

Answer: T

Page ref: 405

 

33. In secular interpretations of The Unicorn in Captivity (fig. 12.19), it is said that the unicorn symbolizes the lover.

Answer: T

Page ref: 398

 

34. The cantus firmus in Medieval music was the “main melody” that was the basis for organum.

Answer: T

Page ref: 405

 

Short Answer

35. List the principal features of a Gothic church.

 

36. How does the Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres (fig. 12.5) relate to numerology?

 

37. What is the Rayonnant style, and which church epitomizes this style?

 

38. Provide an example of typical English Gothic style and explain what is characteristic in this region.

 

39. Trace the development of the treatment of the human figure from the early to the late Gothic period.

 

40. What characterizes the International Style of manuscript illumination?

 

41. Describe the process of creating a tapestry in the Gothic era.

 

42. What disciplines made up each part of the trivium and quadrivium components of the Medieval university curriculum in the “liberal arts”?

 

43. Outline the features, plot, and themes of Dante’s Divine Comedy.

 

44. Discuss the effects of “The Black Death” and “The Hundred Years’ War” on Medieval societies.

 

Essay

45. Examine the role of symbolism in Medieval art; be sure to examine several works in different media.

 

46. Discuss the rise of secularism in Late Medieval painting, literature, and music.

 

47. Select an architectural sculpture, painting, piece of literature, and music to explore the beginning the humanism that would mark the Renaissance period that followed the Gothic.