Biological Psychology 12th Edition by James W. Kalat - Test Bank Instant Download - Complete Test Bank With Answers Sample Questions Are Posted Below True / False 1. Johannes Müller held that whatever excites a particular nerve establishes a special kind of energy unique to that nerve. a. True b. …
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Biological Psychology 12th Edition by James W. Kalat – Test Bank
Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| True / False |
1. Johannes Müller held that whatever excites a particular nerve establishes a special kind of energy unique to that nerve.
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2. The coding of visual information in your brain results in an exact duplicate of the object’s shape on the surface of the cortex.
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3. The cornea is an adjustable structure in the eye that focuses light.
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4. Amacrine cells refine the input to ganglion cells, enabling them to respond specifically to shapes, movement, or other visual features.
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5. Shapes are more easily identified with peripheral vision than foveal vision.
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6. Photopigments are stable in the dark.
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7. According to the trichromatic theory, we can perceive only three colors.
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8. The retinex theory accounts for the principle of color constancy.
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9. An object’s location, color, and movement are all processed in the same part of the visual cortex.
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10. Lateral inhibition is the reduction of activity in one neuron by activity in neighboring neurons.
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11. Parvocellular cells respond strongly to moving stimuli and large overall patterns.
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12. The ventral stream of visual processing is important for identifying movement.
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13. Simple cells are found exclusively in the primary visual cortex.
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14. A complex cell responds to a pattern of light in a particular orientation.
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15. Infants are born with the ability to control their visual attention.
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| Multiple Choice |
16. The law of specific nerve energies states that ____.
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17. According to the law of specific nerve energies, the brain tells the difference between one sensory modality and another by ____.
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18. In the human retina, messages go from receptors at the back of the eye to ____.
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19. Light enters the eye through an opening in the center of the iris called the ____.
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20. Bipolar cells send their messages to ____, which are located close to the center of the eye.
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21. Light from the right half of the world strikes which part of the retina?
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22. In what order does visual information pass through the retina?
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23. Various types of ____ cells refine the input to ganglion cells, enabling them to respond specifically to shapes, movement, or other visual features.
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24. The optic nerve is composed of axons from which kind of cell?
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25. The name of the point at which the optic nerve leaves the retina is called the ____.
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26. Which statement characterizes the fovea?
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27. If you want to see something in fine detail, you should focus the light on which part of your retina?
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28. The retinas of predatory birds such as hawks ____.
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29. In vertebrate retinas, receptors send their messages ____.
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30. Why does the fovea provide the clearest, most detailed visual information?
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31. Which statement is TRUE with regard to peripheral vision?
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32. In comparison to the rods, cones are more ____.
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33. ____ are chemicals that release energy when struck by light.
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34. Light energy converts 11-cis-retinal to ____.
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35. Chemicals that release energy when struck by light are called ____.
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36. In comparison to cones, rods ____.
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37. Rods are to ____ as cones are to ____.
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38. ____ modify the ____ sensitivity to different wavelengths of light.
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39. Peripheral vision mainly depends upon ____.
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40. Night-active species are more likely than day-active species to have ____.
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41. Why do humans perceive faint light better in the periphery of the eye?
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42. Which receptors are responsible for the perception of color?
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43. According to the trichromatic theory of color vision ____.
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44. According to the Young-Helmholtz theory, what is the basis for color vision?
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45. According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, the most important factor in determining the color we see is the ____.
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46. The fact that all colors on older televisions were created by combining only three different colors of light supports the ____ theory of color vision.
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47. At the level of rods and cones, the ____ theory seems to fit best, while at the level of the bipolar cells, the ____ theory seems to fit best.
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48. After you stare at a bright green object for a minute and look away, you see red. Which theory attempts to explain this finding?
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49. Which theory of color vision is best able to explain negative color afterimages?
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50. Color constancy is the ability to ____.
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51. Color and brightness constancy are best explained by the ____ theory of color vision.
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52. According to the retinex theory, we perceive color by ____.
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53. Which theory can best explain why people that are wearing yellow-colored glasses can still identify the color of a green apple?
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54. Difficulty distinguishing between ____ and ____ is the most common form of color vision deficiency.
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55. The ability of some women to detect slightly finer discriminations of color than other women is most likely due to having ____.
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56. The most common form of color vision deficiency is due to ____.
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57. ____ cells axons make up the optic nerve.
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58. In foveal vision, ____.
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59. The optic nerves from the right and left eye initially meet at the ____.
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60. Where does the optic nerve send most of its information?
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61. The lateral geniculate nucleus is part of the ____.
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62. Branches of the optic nerve go directly to what areas of the brain?
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63. In the visual system, the ____ and ____ constantly feed information back and forth.
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64. Cutting the left optic nerve in front of the optic chiasm would result in blindness in the ____.
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65. The enhancement of contrast at the edge of an object is the result of ____.
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66. In the vertebrate retina, which cells are responsible for lateral inhibition?
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67. Horizontal cells receive their input from ____, and they send output to ____.
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68. Suppose someone has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of horizontal cells in the retina. Which visual phenomenon is most likely to be impaired?
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69. What is responsible for sharpening contrast at visual borders?
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70. The receptive field of a receptor is the ____.
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71. The point in space from which light strikes the receptor is called the ____.
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72. The ____ of any neuron in the visual system is the area of the visual field that excites or inhibits it.
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73. The ability to detect movement better than color in our peripheral vision is largely due to ____.
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74. Parvocellular neurons most likely receive input from ____.
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75. Being able to detect fine details of a color painting would depend most on which type of ganglion cells?
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76. Axons from the lateral geniculate extend to which area of the cerebral cortex?
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77. The primary visual cortex sends its information ____.
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78. Cortical area ____ appears to be where conscious visual perception occurs.
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79. The primary visual cortex is also known as the ____.
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80. Visual information from the lateral geniculate area goes to the ____.
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81. Blindsight refers to ____.
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82. Once information is sent to the secondary visual cortex, it ____.
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83. Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a ventral branch sensitive to ____.
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84. Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a dorsal branch important for ____.
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85. Once within the cerebral cortex, a mixed pathway of magnocellular and parvocellular cells is important for ____.
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86. The visual paths in the temporal cortex collectively are referred to as the ____.
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87. The visual path in the parietal cortex is referred to as the ____.
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88. Damage to the ventral stream may interfere with ____.
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89. Damage to the dorsal stream may interfere with ____.
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90. What is the shape of the receptive field to which a simple cell in the primary visual cortex responds?
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91. What type of cell responds to a pattern of light in a particular orientation anywhere within its large receptive field, regardless of the exact location of the stimulus?
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92. Which cell responds most strongly to a stimulus moving perpendicular to its axis?
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93. What is one way to determine whether a given cell in the primary visual cortex is “simple” or “complex”?
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94. The one additional feature that hypercomplex cells have that complex cells do not is that hypercomplex cells ____.
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95. ____ respond to a particular feature of a stimulus.
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96. V1 neurons would be most strongly activated by viewing ____.
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97. Which structure has the largest receptive fields and the greatest preferential sensitivity to highly complex visual patterns, such as faces?
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98. Cells in the inferior temporal cortex that are sensitive to a particular shape are also likely to respond to the shape’s ____.
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99. An inability to recognize objects despite otherwise satisfactory vision is called ____.
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100. To what does “shape constancy” refer?
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101. A person with visual agnosia is unable to ____.
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102. Someone with prosopagnosia has difficulty with ____.
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103. In addition to having difficulty recognizing faces, people with prosopagnosia may have difficulty____.
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104. Area ____ is particularly important for color constancy.
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105. When cells in the middle temporal cortex respond to visual stimuli, their response depends mostly on the ____.
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106. Damage to the magnocellular pathway would most likely lead to the loss of ____.
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107. Which of the following would be easiest for someone who is motion blind?
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108. Human newborns come into the world predisposed to pay more attention to ____ than any other stationary displays.
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109. Cortical neurons in the visual cortex of a kitten or a cat will lose the ability to respond to stimuli in one eye if the eye is sutured shut for ____.
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110. Stereoscopic depth perception requires the brain to detect ____.
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111. In depth perception, different views are received by each eye, depending on the distance of the object being viewed. What is this called?
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112. What is strabismus?
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113. Astigmatism refers to the ____.
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114. Infants with cataracts need to have surgical repair ____.
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115. What would be the likely outcome of a person who was blind at birth, and had vision restored later in life by the removal of cataracts (clouded lenses)?
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| Essay |
116. Describe the trichromatic, opponent-process, and retinex theories of color vision.
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117. What is prosopagnosia?
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118. Describe the functional and anatomic differences between rods and cones.
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119. Describe the difference between parvocellular and magnocellular neurons and pathways.
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120. Describe the key functions of the major pathways in the visual cortex.
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Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
