Biology 12th Edition by Sylvia S. Mader -Test Bank

Biology 12th Edition by Sylvia S. Mader -Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 05

Membrane Structure and Function

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A major chemical that regulates the fluidity of animal cell membranes by stiffening the membrane at higher temperatures and preventing the membrane from freezing at lower temperature is
   A. cholesterol.
   B.  lipid in nature.
   C.  a steroid.
   D.  All of the choices are correct.

All are true. Cholesterol is lipid in nature and a steroid. It regulates the fluidity of animal cell membranes.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Distinguish between the different structural components of membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

2. Proteins in a membrane are
   A. peripheral if they are on the inside surface held in place by the cytoskeleton.
   B.  integral if they are embedded in the membrane and protrude from both surfaces of the bilayer.
   C.  integral if they protrude from only one surface of the bilayer.
   D.  All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct. Proteins in a membrane are peripheral if they are on the inside surface held in place by the cytoskeleton, integral if they are embedded in the membrane, integral if they protrude from only one surface of the bilayer.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.03 Describe the diverse role of proteins in membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

3. Which of the following protein functions is not correctly associated with the correct integral protein?
   A. carrier proteins-facilitate passage of molecules through the membrane
   B.  enzymatic proteins-catalyze a specific reaction
   C.  channel proteins-block the activity of carrier proteins
   D.  cell recognition proteins-recognize pathogens

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.03 Describe the diverse role of proteins in membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

4. Active transport
   A. requires an input of ATP.
   B.  is involved in diffusion.
   C.  occurs in osmosis and facilitated transport.
   D.  All of the choices are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 Explain how active transport moves substances across a membrane.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Active Transport

5. The channel protein that accounts for why water can cross a membrane more quickly than expected is
   A. ATP synthetase.
   B.  aquaporin.
   C.  the sodium-potassium pump.
   D.  integrin.

The newly discovered membrane channel protein that accounts for the quick movement of water across a membrane is aquaporin.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.03 Describe the diverse role of proteins in membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

6. Which of the following is true with respect to plant cell walls?
   A. They contain n-acetylglutamic acid.
   B.  They all have secondary cell walls to some extent.
   C.  There is a greater amount of cellulose in secondary cell walls than in primary cell walls.
   D.  Lignin is found in primary cell walls of plants.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Explain the role of plasmodesmata in plants.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Cell Wall

7. In a phospholipid bilayer, the
   A. phosphate groups are hydrophobic.
   B.  fatty acid tails are ionized.
   C.  fatty acid tails are hydrophilic.
   D.  proteins are located only between the two layers.
   E.  phosphate heads are oriented toward the exterior of the cell or toward the cytoplasm.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Distinguish between the different structural components of membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

8. Which statement is true about the plasma membrane?
   A. The proteins make up the matrix of the membrane.
   B.  The model can be likened to a sandwich where phospholipids are like the bread and proteins are like the filling.
   C.  The fluid nature of the membrane is regulated by flip-flopping of the phospholipids from one side of the membrane to the other.
   D.  Proteins and phospholipids can move sideways within the plane of the membrane.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Distinguish between the different structural components of membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

9. Which statement is NOT true about the proteins in the plasma membrane?
   A. Proteins may be attached to the inner surface of the plasma membrane.
   B.  The hydrophobic portion of a protein is embedded within the membrane.
   C.  Some peripheral proteins are connected to cytoskeletal filaments.
   D.  Integral proteins are responsible for membrane functions.
   E.  Glycoproteins contain carbohydrate chains that are oriented toward the inner surface of the membrane.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.03 Describe the diverse role of proteins in membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

10. Which phrase does NOT describe one of the functions of proteins of the plasma membrane?
    A. forming a channel through the membrane
    B.  initiating the replication of the genetic material
    C.  binding to a substance to carry it through the membrane
    D.  acting as a receptor for substances external to the cell
    E.  increasing the rate of a chemical reaction

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.03 Describe the diverse role of proteins in membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

11. Red blood cells come in many “blood types” including type A, type B, type AB, type O [lacking proteins A and B], Rh positive, and Rh negative [lacking Rh⁺] and many others. If blood is transfused, the recipient detects any new or “foreign” proteins. These blood type proteins are
    A. in the plasma where they have been secreted by the red blood cells.
    B.  inside the red blood cell cytoplasm.
    C.  on the outer surface of the red blood cell membrane.
    D.  evenly distributed throughout the cell contents and plasma.
    E.  in the red blood cell nucleus.

These blood type proteins are on the outer surface of the red blood cell membrane.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.03 Describe the diverse role of proteins in membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

12. Whether a molecule can cross the plasma membrane depends upon
    A. the size of the molecule.
    B.  the shape of the molecule.
    C.  the chemical properties of the molecule.
    D.  the charge of the molecule.
    E.  All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct. Whether a molecule can cross the plasma membrane depends upon the size of the molecule, the shape of the molecule, the chemical properties of the molecule and the charge of the molecule.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02.01 Compare diffusion and osmosis across a membrane.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

 

 

13. If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, which will occur?
    A. Salts will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
    B.  Water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
    C.  Salts will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution.
    D.  Water will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution.
    E.  None of the choices will occur.

If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.02.03 Differentiate among the effects of hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions on animal and plant cells.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

14. Which is the best definition of osmosis?
    A. The movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration.
    B.  The movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.
    C.  The movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to an area of their higher concentration.
    D.  The movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from an area of lower water concentration to an area of higher water concentration.
    E.  The movement of a substance against its concentration gradient through the release of energy from ATP.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02.01 Compare diffusion and osmosis across a membrane.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

 

 

15. Having similar ____________ would allow tissues and organs to be transplanted easily.
    A. cell recognition proteins
    B.  major histocompatibility complex proteins
    C.  carbohydrate chains in the cell membrane
    D.  all of the choices are involved in tissue transplantation

All of the choices are involved in tissue transplantation.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.03 Describe the diverse role of proteins in membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

16. Which type of molecule will require some amount of energy to cross the cell membrane?
    A. glycerol
    B.  polar
    C.  non-polar molecules
    D.  carbon dioxide
    E.  oxygen

Polar molecules are incompatible with the interior of the cell and require energy to cross the membrane.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.04 Explain why the plasma membrane exhibits selective permeability.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Active Transport

 

 

17. Freshwater protozoans react to a/an _____ environment by removing water through _____.
    A. hypertonic, turgor pressure
    B.  hypotonic, turgor pressure
    C.  isotonic, a contractile vacuole
    D.  hypertonic, a contractile vacuole
    E.  hypotonic, a contractile vacuole

Freshwater protozoans react to a/an hypotonic environment by removing water through a contractile vacuole.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.02.03 Differentiate among the effects of hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions on animal and plant cells.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

18. Which of the following is NOT associated with animal cells?
    A. an extracellular matrix
    B.  plasmodesmata
    C.  gap junctions
    D.  adhesion junctions (desmosomes)
    E.  tight junctions

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.02 Compare the structure and function of adhesion, tight, and gap junctions in animals.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

19. The major functions of the plasma membrane do NOT include
    A. separation of the fluid environments inside and outside the cell.
    B.  regulation of molecules and ions that pass into and out of the cell.
    C.  recognition and communication between different cells and tissues.
    D.  maintaining connections between adjacent cells.
    E.  production of proteins used in construction of the cell wall.

The major functions of the plasma membrane do NOT include the production of proteins used in construction of the cell wall.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Distinguish between the different structural components of membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

20. Some parasites and disease agents regularly change their identity before our immune system can build up substantial antibodies. How could cells change their chemical identity on a regular basis?
    A. Rapid evolution produces mutations.
    B.  A new phospholipid bilayer is generated to replace the old layer.
    C.  Because the membrane is “set,” the cell must reproduce and then the cell with the old membrane must die.
    D.  Cells eliminate all surface proteins and present only a naked lipid bilayer.
    E.  Different glycolipids and glycoproteins are produced internally and moved into the plasma membrane.

Cells change their chemical identity on a regular basis by producing different glycolipids and glycoproteins internally and moving them into the plasma membrane.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Distinguish between the different structural components of membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

21. Plants show turgor pressure when
    A. cells are losing water from their water vacuoles.
    B.  cells contain water vacuoles that are full of water.
    C.  water is being used up in photosynthesis.
    D.  water is being evaporated from the leaves.

Plants show turgor pressure when their cells contain water vacuoles that are full of water.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02.03 Differentiate among the effects of hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions on animal and plant cells.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Cell Wall

22. Which is the best definition of active transport?
    A. movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration
    B.  movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
    C.  movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to an area of their higher concentration
    D.  movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from an area of lower water concentration to an area of higher water concentration
    E.  movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP

.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 Explain how active transport moves substances across a membrane.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Active Transport

 

 

23. Sugars and amino acids are carried into the cell by means of
    A. facilitated transport.
    B.  diffusion.
    C.  endocytosis.
    D.  exocytosis.

Sugars and amino acids are carried into the cell by means of facilitated transport.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02.02 Describe the role of proteins in the movement of molecules across a membrane.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

24. The process by which cholesterol is transported into the cell by the binding of LDL to its receptor and the internalization of the receptor-LDL complex is
    A. facilitated transport.
    B.  active transport.
    C.  cotransport.
    D.  endocytosis.
    E.  exocytosis.

The process by which cholesterol is transported into the cell by binding of LDL to its receptor and the internalization of the receptor-LDL complex is by receptor-mediated endocytosis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.03.03 Contrast the bulk transport of large and small substances into a cell.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Active Transport

 

 

 

Essay Questions

25. Design an experiment that illustrates how any one of these factors (temperature, pressure, molecule size) may affect the rate of diffusion.

Answer may vary. A simple experiment to test the diffusion rate at two different temperatures follows. Use two large beakers, one with water at 60^°F and the other with water at 90^°F. Put a drop of dark red food coloring in each beaker. Observe the diffusion of the red food dye in both beakers to determine when the color is evenly distributed. One will observe that diffusion occurs at a faster rate at higher temperatures.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.02.01 Compare diffusion and osmosis across a membrane.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

26. A 10% glucose solution is placed in the thistle tube. The thistle tube is placed in a beaker that contains a 5% glucose solution. The solution in the thistle tube is _______ to the solution in the beaker.

    A.  hypertonic
    B.  hypotonic
    C.  isotonic
    D.  none of the answer choices

The solution in the tube has a higher concentration of solute than the solution in the beaker. It is, therefore, hypertonic.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 05.02.03 Differentiate among the effects of hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions on animal and plant cells.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

 

 

27. A 10% glucose solution is placed in the thistle tube. The thistle tube is placed in a beaker that contains a 5% glucose solution. Where is the highest concentration of water found?

    A.  in the 10% solution
    B.  in the 5% solution
    C.  the concentration of water is the same in both solutions.
    D.  None of the answer choices

The highest concentration of water is in the 5% solution.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 05.02.03 Differentiate among the effects of hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions on animal and plant cells.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

 

 

 

Essay Questions

28. A 10% glucose solution is placed in the thistle tube. The thistle tube is placed in a beaker that contains a 5% glucose solution. There is a differentially permeable membrane across the broad end of the tube, which is permeable to water but not to the sugar glucose. What will occur over time to the water? To the solute?

As time passes, the water will move from an area of higher water concentration (5%) to an area of lower water concentration (10%). The solute can not cross the membrane, so solute will not diffuse, although there is a concentration gradient. The water level in the thistle tube rises, thus diluting the 10% solution. The 10% solution becomes less concentrated because of the diffusion of water into the tube. The 5% solution becomes more concentrated as water diffuses out of this area into the thistle tube.

 

Bloom’s Level: 6. Create
Learning Outcome: 05.02.01 Compare diffusion and osmosis across a membrane.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

29. A 10% glucose solution is placed in the thistle tube. The thistle tube is placed in a beaker that contains a 5% glucose solution. There is a differentially permeable membrane across the broad end of the tube, which is permeable to water but not to the sugar glucose. As diffusion occurs

    A.  the 10% solution will become more concentrated and the 5% solution will become less concentrated.
    B.  both solutions will become more concentrated.
    C.  the 10% solution will become less concentrated and the 5% solution will become more concentrated.
    D.  both solutions will become less concentrated.

As diffusion occurs, the 10% solution will become less concentrated and the 5% solution will become more concentrated.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.02.01 Compare diffusion and osmosis across a membrane.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

 

 

30. Study the series of pictures to identify the process as

    A.  facilitated transport.
    B.  active transport.
    C.  passive transport.
    D.  osmosis.

The process should be identified as facilitated transport because of the movement of solute from a higher to lower concentration through a carrier protein.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.02.01 Compare diffusion and osmosis across a membrane.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

 

Essay Questions

 

 

31. Study the series of pictures to identify the process through which materials are being transported across the membrane. Explain how you arrived at your answer.

The process is facilitated transport. The solute is moving from high to low concentration, as is the case in diffusion. There is a carrier protein, which changes shape as it moves the solute across the membrane. A carrier protein moving solute from high to low concentration is facilitated transport.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.02.01 Compare diffusion and osmosis across a membrane.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

32. A crystal of green dye is added to a beaker of water. The dye will undergo diffusion. After studying the series of beakers from the left to the right, define diffusion and state the ultimate outcome of diffusion?

The dye is diffusing from an area of high concentration into areas of lower concentration, while water is doing the same. Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion of the dye and water continue until dynamic equilibrium is reached.

 

Bloom’s Level: 6. Create
Learning Outcome: 05.02.01 Compare diffusion and osmosis across a membrane.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

 

 

33. Before boarding an airplane on a commercial flight, the traveler must show personal identification and a ticket to airport security. The traveler must then remove his shoes and place any carry-on items on the belt of an x-ray machine before walking through the checkpoint. How is the passage of molecules through a membrane similar to travelers passing through airport security?

Answers may vary. Airport security could be compared to a carrier protein. Security interacts with the passenger, checking their identification and tickets. Only specific, ticketed customers, who are not carrying any foreign (unknown) objects may then pass through the checkpoint. Carrier proteins selectively interact with specific molecules before allowing them to cross the membrane. No foreign objects may enter.

 

Bloom’s Level: 6. Create
Learning Outcome: 05.01.03 Describe the diverse role of proteins in membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

34. Why do membranes self-assemble into their characteristic phospholipids bilayer?

Membranes self assemble in their characteristic manner due to the chemical nature of phospholipid molecules and the aqueous nature of the extracellular fluid and the cytoplasm. Phospholipid molecules are amphipathic, with polar, hydrophilic phosphate groups in the head and hydrophobic, nonpolar tails. The polar heads face the aqueous environments of the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid, while the hydrophobic tails cluster together in the middle of the layer.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Distinguish between the different structural components of membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

35. Why does this model of a phospholipids bilayer in Fig. 1 not ‘work’?

This model does not ‘work’ because it has the hydrophobic tails oriented towards the hydrophilic heads of the next phospholipids. The hydrophobic tails are not attracted to heads so this model of the membrane is not feasible. See correct model at right.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Distinguish between the different structural components of membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

36. Why does this model of a phospholipids bilayer in Fig. 2 not ‘work’?

This model does not ‘work’ because it has the hydrophobic tails oriented towards the aqueous environments of the extracellular fluid and cytoplasm. The hydrophobic tails are not attracted to water and would cluster to form an inner layer with the hydrophilic heads oriented out towards the extracellular fluid and in towards the cytoplasm. This is the correct model.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Distinguish between the different structural components of membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

37. In the cell pictured, there is no net movement of water. The amount leaving the cell and entering the cell is the same. In what type of environment is this cell found?

    A.  hypertonic
    B.  hypotonic
    C.  isotonic
    D.  none of the above

In an isotonic environment, there would be no net movement of water.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.02.03 Differentiate among the effects of hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions on animal and plant cells.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

 

 

 

Essay Questions

38. Is this cell an animal or plant cell? In what type of environment is this cell found? Is there a net movement of water into or out of the cell? Explain your answer.

This is a plant cell in a hypertonic environment. The semi-rigid cell wall is evident, as the cytoplasm is shrinking (plasmolysis). There is a net movement of water out of the cell.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.02.03 Differentiate among the effects of hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions on animal and plant cells.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

 

Multiple Choice Questions

39. Eukaryotic cells are substantially larger than bacterial cells and average over 20 times more volume-per-surface-area than bacterial cells. How can the eukaryotic cell membrane provide this higher rate of exchange of materials?
    A. Plasma membrane folds increase the surface area.
    B.  Carrier proteins speed the rate at which a solute crosses the plasma membrane in the direction of decreasing concentration.
    C.  Mitochondria are concentrated near membranes to provide energy for active transport of molecules or ions.
    D.  Large molecules are engulfed by vesicle formation.
    E.  All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 Explain how active transport moves substances across a membrane.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

40. Imagine a person has a genetic disorder that prevents them from producing the protein collagen, what types of cellular issues will they be faced with?
    A. The cell will not have the ability to divide properly.
    B.  The cell will not have the ability to regulate the movement of molecules through the membrane.
    C.  The cell would not be recognized by the body’s immune system.
    D.  The cell would not have the ability to resist stretching.
    E.  All of the choices are plausible.

Collagen provides the cell with the ability to resist stretching.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Explain the role of the extracellular matrix in an animal cell.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Plasma Membrane

41. All life forms currently have a basic cell membrane so we presume that the earliest forms of life had this “fence” isolating the internal organization from the external chaos. It is likely that the primordial environment was acidic. In order for a cell to function in this type of environment, the cell membrane would have to include
    A. a sodium (Na⁺) pump.
    B.  a proton (H⁺) pump.
    C.  mitochondria underneath in order to provide energy for active transport.
    D.  an acid-proof cell wall.
    E.  a totally nonpermeable membrane.

The cell membrane would have to include a proton (H⁺) pump to rid the cytoplasm of excess protons, thus increasing the pH.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Distinguish between the different structural components of membranes.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

42. If a living plant were moved from a freshwater aquarium to a saltwater aquarium, which of the following would occur?
    A. Nothing. The plant would be fine in either aquarium.
    B.  The plant’s cells would take on ions.
    C.  The plant’s cells would take on water and will lyse.
    D.  The plant’s cells would lose water and plasmolysis would occur.

If a living plant were moved from a freshwater aquarium to a saltwater aquarium, the plant’s cells would lose water and plasmolysis would occur.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.02.03 Differentiate among the effects of hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions on animal and plant cells.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

43. Which of the following is the reason plants wilt if they are watered with a salt solution?
    A. to protect the leaves from full exposure to the salt
    B.  an increase in turgor pressure
    C.  salt weakens the plant cell walls
    D.  loss of water due to the salt solution resulting in a decrease in turgor pressure

The reason a plant wilts if they are watered with a salt solution is due to loss of water and the resulting decrease in turgor pressure.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.02.03 Differentiate among the effects of hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions on animal and plant cells.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Passive Transport

 

 

 

Short Answer Questions

44. Why can nonpolar molecules freely cross the cell membrane while polar molecules require energy?

Nonpolar molecules tend to be molecules that are similar in composition to the phospholipid center of the membrane.  They can cross the membrane at no energy cost.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.01.04 Explain why the plasma membrane exhibits selective permeability.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

True / False Questions

45. Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves the use of specific proteins in the cell membrane.
    TRUE

It is true that receptor-mediated endocytosis involves the use of specific proteins in the cell membrane.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.03 Contrast the bulk transport of large and small substances into a cell.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Active Transport

 

 

46. Fluidity of a membrane increases as the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids goes up.
    TRUE

It is true that the fluidity of a membrane increases as the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids goes up.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 Describe the nature of the fluid-mosaic model as it relates to membrane structure.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

47. In the cells that line the lumen of the small intestine, gap junctions keep materials from the digestive tract from slipping between the cells and entering the tissues.
    FALSE

In the cells that line the lumen of the small intestine, it is tight junctions, not gap junctions that keep materials in the digestive tract from slipping between the cells and entering the tissues.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.04.02 Compare the structure and function of adhesion, tight, and gap junctions in animals.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Cell Junctions

48. In the sodium-potassium pump, sodium is transported out of the cell and potassium is transported into the cell as ATP is broken by a membrane protein.
    TRUE

It is true that in the sodium-potassium pump, sodium is transported out of the cell and potassium is transported into the cell as ATP is broken by a membrane protein.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 Explain how active transport moves substances across a membrane.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Active Transport

 

 

49. The process by which a white blood cell or an amoeba engulfs bacteria is called phagocytosis.
    TRUE

It is true that the process by which a white blood cell or an amoeba engulfs bacteria is called phagocytosis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03.03 Contrast the bulk transport of large and small substances into a cell.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Active Transport

50. An extracellular matrix helps some cells to adhere to neighboring cells.
    TRUE

It is true that an extracellular matrix helps some cells to adhere to neighboring cells.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Explain the role of the extracellular matrix in an animal cell.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Cell Junctions

 

Multiple Choice Questions

51. What type of transport mechanism is required to move sodium ions against their concentration gradient?
    A. active
    B.  passive
    C.  diffusion
    D.  osmosis

Active transport is used to move ions against a concentration gradient

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.02 Compare the energy requirements of passive and active transport.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Active Transport

 

 

52. Which scenario is most likely to occur if the mitochondria in the kidney cells were to decrease in function?
    A. The kidneys would improve in function.
    B.  The kidneys would begin excreting large amounts of waste products.
    C.  The amount of active transport in the kidneys would significantly decrease.
    D.  The amount of active transport in the kidneys would increase.

.Active transport requires large amounts of energy. If the mitochondria cease to function the active transport in the kidneys would decrease

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 05.03.02 Compare the energy requirements of passive and active transport.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Active Transport

53. Why is the energy expended during endocytosis worth it?
    A. The cell increases the amount of ATP produced in order to complete endocytosis.
    B.  The contents drawn into the cell are isolated from the cytoplasm preventing them from altering the cells function.
    C.  The cell expends such a small amount of energy to run endocytosis it doesn’t really matter.
    D.  There is no energy expenditure during endocytosis.

Preventing the mixing of cellular contents during endocytosis is worth the energy expended.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.02 Compare the energy requirements of passive and active transport.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Active Transport

 

 

54. Which process is responsible for moving cellular wastes across the cell membrane and out of the cell?
    A. endocytosis
    B.  exocytosis
    C.  pinocytosis
    D.  receptor-mediated endocytosis

Endocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis are processes that draw substances into the cell.  Cellular wastes would be removed from the cell through the process of exocytosis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.03 Contrast the bulk transport of large and small substances into a cell.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Active Transport

55. Which of the following is an example of active transport through a cell membrane?
    A. Movement of carbon dioxide out of the blood stream and into the lungs
    B.  Movement of oxygen from the lungs into the bloodstream
    C.  Movement of sweat onto the surface of your skin
    D.  Absorption of glucose from the gut into the bloodstream

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 Explain how active transport moves substances across a membrane.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Active Transport

56. Which type of junctions will create a solid barrier to prevent molecules from moving between the cells?
    A. gap
    B.  desmosomes
    C.  tight
    D.  plasmodesmata

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.02 Compare the structure and function of adhesion, tight, and gap junctions in animals.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Cell Junctions

 

 

57. Which cell junction will allow the movement of molecules between two plant cells?
    A. plasmodesmata
    B.  gap
    C.  tight
    D.  adhesion

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Explain the role of plasmodesmata in plants.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Cell Junctions

58. Which cell junction is unique to animals? v: 04_12_2014_QC_47498
    A. gap
    B.  tight
    C.  desmosomes
    D.  all are unique to animals

All are unique to animals.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.02 Compare the structure and function of adhesion, tight, and gap junctions in animals.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Cell Junctions

59. Which of the following situations is most likely to produce a heart attack?
    A. The gap junctions have collapsed and they do not allow the correct flow of ions from one cell to the next.
    B.  The plasmodesmata have collapsed and they do not allow the correct flow of ions from one cell to the next.
    C.  The tight junction has ripped and is allowing ions to leak through the membrane lining the heart.
    D.  The cell walls have broken down and are not able to support the heart.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 05.04.02 Compare the structure and function of adhesion, tight, and gap junctions in animals.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Cell Junctions

 

 

60. Which type of cellular process will most likely be used by an amoeba in order to obtain food?
    A. phagocytosis
    B.  pinocytosis
    C.  exocytosis
    D.  receptor-mediated endocytosis

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.03 Contrast the bulk transport of large and small substances into a cell.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Active Transport