Biotechnology 2nd Edition by David P. Clark - Test Bank

Biotechnology 2nd Edition by David P. Clark – Test Bank

 

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Clark: Biotechnology, 2nd Edition

 

Chapter 5: RNA-Based Technologies

 

 

1. Antisense RNA is a
2. RNA that can be found in the ribosome that can carry out catalysis.

*b. RNA with sequence complementary to an mRNA, this RNA will prevent translation.

1. Small non-coding RNA molecules that modulate gene expression
2. Small non-coding RNA that identifies an mRNA and triggers degradation

 

2. Short-interfering RNA (siRNA) are
3. RNAs that can be found in the ribosome that can carry out catalysis.
4. RNAs with sequence complementary to an mRNA, this RNA will prevent translation.
5. Small non-coding RNA molecules that modulate gene expression

*d. Small non-coding RNAs that identify an mRNA and trigger its degradation

 

3. MicroRNAs are
4. RNAs that can be found in the ribosome that can carry out catalysis.
5. RNAs with sequence complementary to an mRNA, this RNA will prevent translation.

*c. Small non-coding RNA molecules that modulate gene expression

1. Small non-coding RNAs that identify an mRNA and trigger its degradation

 

4. Ribozymes are

*a. RNAs that can be found in the ribosome that can carry out catalysis.

1. RNAs with sequence complementary to an mRNA, this RNA will prevent translation.
2. Small non-coding RNA molecules that modulate gene expression
3. Small non-coding RNAs that identify an mRNA and trigger its degradation

 

5. RNAI and RNAII are sense and antisense partners controlling this process.
6. Control of HIV gene expression
7. Developmental control of nFGF

*c. Control of ColE1 replication

1. Control of Neurospora circadian rhythm
2. Control of X-chromosome inactivation

 

6. Antisense mRNA binds to cellular mRNA during development of Xenopus laevis and degrades the message.
7. Control of HIV gene expression

*b. Developmental control of nFGF

1. Control of ColE1 replication
2. Control of Neurospora circadian rhythm
3. Control of X-chromosome inactivation

 

7. Involves the use of xist
8. Control of HIV gene expression
9. Developmental control of nFGF
10. Control of ColE1 replication
11. Control of Neurospora circadian rhythm

*e. Control of X-chromosome inactivation

 

8. Antisense env mRNA binds to the Rev response element, blocking production of protein.

*a. Control of HIV gene expression

1. Developmental control of nFGF
2. Control of ColE1 replication
3. Control of Neurospora circadian rhythm
4. Control of X-chromosome inactivation

 

9. Regulated by antisense and sense mRNA for the frq
10. Control of HIV gene expression
11. Developmental control of nFGF
12. Control of ColE1 replication

*d. Control of Neurospora circadian rhythm

1. Control of X-chromosome inactivation
2. Regulated by antisense and sense mRNA for the frq gene.

 

10. Antisense oligonucleotides may alter aberrant splicing. Which two of the following are examples of human diseases and the gene involved with aberrant splicing.
11. The env mRNA in HIV and the antisense oligonucleotides for splice site in beta-globin gene.

*b. The antisense oligonucleotide for Bcl-x splice sites in cancer and the antisense oligonucleotides for splice site in beta-globin gene.

1. The antisense oligonucleotide for Bcl-x splice sites in cancer and the antisense oligonucleotide for the env MRNA in HIV.
2. None of the above.

 

11. Major challenges to studying the use of antisense technology in the lab include all of the following EXCEPT:
12. Nonspecific interactions with other molecules in the cells.

*b. The sensitivity to of dsRNA to RNase H.

1. Targeting regions of mRNA that may fold back on themselves.
2. The decision to synthesize the oligonucleotides chemically or to clone antisense genes.

 

12. Which of the following delivery methods are used to deliver antisense RNA to cells:
13. Liposomes
14. Cationic polymers
15. Streptolysin
16. Scrape loading

*e. All of the above

13. Fill-in: With RNA interference (RNAi), ______ triggers _______ to degrade the mRNA into short interfering RNA or siRNA.
14. siRNA, dicer
15. antisense RNA, slicer

*c. dsRNA, dicer

1. miRNA, drosha

 

14. RNAi has been observed in many organisms and given many names prior to the elucidation of the mechanism. Which of the following terms has NOT been a name for RNAi?
15. Quelling.

*b. Attenuation.

1. Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing.
2. Transcriptional Gene Silencing.
3. All of the above ARE names for RNAi.

 

15. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that modulate gene expression by
16. Cutting stem loops.
17. Binding to target RNA and blocking translation.
18. Blocking to the 3’UTR.
19. All of the above.

*e. Some of the above.

 

16. Methods are developed to deliver dsRNA into cells in order to study gene expression. In elegans, which of the following methods is used.
17. Feeding them E. coli that is expressing the RNA
18. Bathing C. elegans in RNA which they then take up into their bodies.
19. Inject the RNA into the worms.

*d. All of the above work to deliver dsRNA to C. elegans.

1. Some of the above will work to deliver RNA to C. elegans.

 

17. Studying RNAi is more problematic in human cell culture than in Drosophila or elegans because:
18. dsRNA cannot get into the cells
19. Interferon is produced triggering RNA degradation.
20. A potent antiviral response is triggered to the dsRNA
21. All of the above are correct.

*e. Some of the above are correct.

 

18. Ribozymes have been found to carry out which of the following processes.
19. Removal of group I introns from other mRNA.
20. Degrade RNA, especially the 5′ end of pre-tRNA
21. Participate in the replication of viroids and satellite viruses.

*d. All of the above.

1. Some of the above.
2. Antisense combined with an engineered ribozyme would work in which of the following ways.
3. Antisense RNA regions on the ends of the RNA find the target and then RNAse H cleaves it. The product is degraded by the ribozyme.
4. Antisense RNA region in the middle of the RNA finds the target and then the ribozymes cleave it.

*c. Antisense RNA regions on the ends of the RNA find the target and then the ribozyme cleaves it.

1. All of the above are mechanisms for ribozyme and antisense RNA function.
2. None of the above are mechanisms for Ribozyme and antisense RNA function.

 

20. Ribozymes can be evolved in vitro and have gained which of the following activities EXCEPT.
21. Catalyzing ligations.
22. Adding metal ions.
23. Carry out nucleophilic attack at phosphoryl, carbonyl, and alkyl halides.
24. Conversion of deoxyribonucleotides to ribonucleotides.

*e. All of the above are activities that evolved ribozymes have gained.

 

21. Riboswitches work by alternating between different RNA secondary structures in an mRNA. Which of the following is NOT true of riboswitch examples
22. Many are found in biosynthetic operons of bacteria

*b. With the thiamine riboswitch, the presence of thiamine is required for the production of mRNA.

1. There are both attenuator mechanisms affecting transcription and translational mechanisms preventing translation off a full length mRNA
2. Riboswitches can be affected by temperature (thermal stress).
3. All of the above are true.

 

22. Regulation of miRNA abundance in eukaryotes is aided with the help of .
23. miRNA
24. snoRNA
25. gRNA
26. crRNA

*e. circRNA

 

23. ________ rescues stalled ribosomes in bacteria.
24. Xist

*b. tmRNA

1. piRNA
2. snoRNA

 

24. Which of the following RNAs are involved in splicing?
25. TERC

*b. snRNA

1. gRNA
2. miRNA

 

25. ____________ is responsible for transposon silencing in germ lines.
26. tmRNA
27. circRNA
28. tRNA

*d. piRNA

 

26. Dyskeratosis congenital results from a deletion in the protein or RNA portion of telomerase. The RNA portion of telomerase is called and functions                         .
27. TERT; to shorten the telomeres in aging cells

*b. TERC; as a template to increase the length of telomeres

1. Xist; to inactive one X chromosome in mammalian females
2. piRNA; to silence transposons in germ line cells
3. lncRNA; to maintain genome stability

 

27. All of the following statements about the CRISPR system is true except .
28. The CRISPR system is not found in eukaryotes.
29. CRISPR protects against viruses having either RNA or DNA genomes, hostile plasmids, and transposons.
30. CRISPR is based upon memory of short sequences of nucleic acid that are stored on the bacterial chromosome.

*d. CRISPR targets specific sequences on double-stranded RNA.

1. Stored sequences within the bacterial genome are transcribed and processed into crRNA that are then used by CAS nucleases as guides to seek and destroy foreign nucleic acid.

 

28. Concerning PTEN expression, which non-coding RNA functions to convert the PTEN genome region into heterochromatin to prevent transcription?

*a. PTENpg1 antisense ?

1. PTENpg1 antisense ?
2. PTENpg1 sense
3. DNMT3A
4. EZH2