Chapter 02 Health & Physical Assessment In Nursing 3rd Edition by Donita T D'Amico

Chapter 02 Health & Physical Assessment In Nursing 3rd Edition by Donita T D’Amico

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Question 1

Type: MCMA

The nurse is conducting a prenatal class to expectant parents and is asked how children grow. When explaining growth and development to the expectant parents, which descriptions are appropriate for the nurse to use in the response?

Standard Text: Select all that apply.

1. Cephalocaudal direction.
2. Simple to complex.
3. Distal to proximal direction.
4. Generalized response to specific response.
5. Anterior to posterior.

Correct Answer: 1, 2, 4

Rationale 1: Growth and development occurs in a cephalocaudal direction; from head to toe.

Rationale 2: Growth and development proceeds from simple to complex; an infant will reach out for an object before actually being able to grasp the object.

Rationale 3: Growth and development does not proceed from distal to proximal but rather from proximal to distal; i.e., from the center of the body outward.

Rationale 4: Growth and development progresses from general to specific responses; an infant responds to stimuli with the entire body, and older child will respond more specifically, for example, with a smile.

Rationale 5: Anterior to posterior does not describe a pattern of normal growth and development.

Global Rationale: Growth and development (G and D) occurs in a cephalocaudal direction; from head to toe. G and D proceeds from simple to complex; an infant will reach out for an object before actually being able to grasp the object. G and D progresses from general to specific responses; an infant responds to stimuli with the entire body, and older child will respond more specifically, for example with a smile. G and D does not proceed from distal to proximal but rather from proximal to distal; i.e., from the center of the body outward. Anterior to posterior does not describe a pattern of normal growth and development.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Client Need Sub:

QSEN Competencies: I.B.3. Provide patient-centered care with sensitivity and respect for the diversity of human experience.

AACN Essentials Competencies: I.1. Integrate theories and concepts from liberal education into nursing practice.

NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 2.1: Relate the principles of growth and development to the nursing process.

MNL Learning Outcome:

Page Number: p. 23

 

Question 2

Type: MCMA

When reviewing a pediatric client’s medical record, which are considered environmental factors that influence growth and development?

Standard Text: Select all that apply.

1. Nutrition.
2. Climate.
3. Heredity.
4. Culture.
5. Religion.

Correct Answer: 1, 2, 4, 5

Rationale 1: Nutrition is an environmental factor that can affect the growth and development of an individual.

Rationale 2: Climate is an environmental factor that can affect the growth and development of an individual.

Rationale 3: Heredity drives the physical attributes of growth and development such as stature, gender, and race.

Rationale 4: Culture is an environmental factor that can affect the growth and development of an individual.

Rationale 5: Religion is an environmental factor that can affect the growth and development of an individual.

Global Rationale: Nutrition, climate, culture, and religion are all external, environmental factors that can affect how an individual grows and develops over time. Heredity drives the physical attributes of growth and development such as stature, gender, and race.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Client Need Sub:

QSEN Competencies: I.B.3. Provide patient-centered care with sensitivity and respect for the diversity of human experience.

AACN Essentials Competencies: I.1. Integrate theories and concepts from liberal education into nursing practice.

NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment

Learning Outcome: 2.1: Relate the principles of growth and development to the nursing process.

MNL Learning Outcome:

Page Number: p. 23

 

Question 3

Type: MCSA

The nurse is teaching the parents of a child who is in Piaget’s sensorimotor stage of development. Which parental statement indicates appropriate behavior to help the child accomplish developmental tasks of this stage?

1. “We have started buying more colorful toys.”
2. “We play with water toys in the bathtub.”
3. “We bought some blocks with numbers.”
4. “We have been playing peek-a-boo.”

Correct Answer: 4

Rationale 1: Buying more colorful toys fosters visual stimulation as the child experiences physiologic growth and development (nervous system), but does not help the child with cognitive development.

Rationale 2: Playing with water toys in the bathtub helps a child to develop motor, not cognitive, skills.

Rationale 3: Providing a child with numbered blocks targets motor skill development, not cognitive development.

Rationale 4: Playing peek-a-boo helps the infant begin to understand that someone is there even when that person is not visible. Piaget’s theory explores how thinking, reasoning, and language develop (cognitive skills). In the sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years) the infant progresses from responding primarily through reflexes, to purposeful movement and organized activity. It is during this stage that the infant begins to recognize objects and develop object permanence, the knowledge that objects continue to exist even though they are not seen.

Global Rationale: Playing the game peek-a-boo helps the child to understand that someone is there even when they are not visible. Piaget’s theory explores how thinking, reasoning, and language develop (cognitive skills). In the sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years) the child progresses from responding primarily through reflexes, to purposeful movement and organized activity. It is during this stage that the child begins to recognize objects and develop object permanence, the knowledge that objects continue to exist even though they are not seen. Buying more colorful toys fosters visual stimulation as the child experiences physiologic growth and development (nervous system), but does not help the child with cognitive development. Playing with water toys in the bathtub and providing a child with numbered blocks targets motor skill development, not cognitive development.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Client Need Sub:

QSEN Competencies: III.A.5. Explain the role of evidence in determining best clinical practice.

AACN Essentials Competencies: I.1. Integrate theories and concepts from liberal education into nursing practice.

NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation

Learning Outcome: 2.2: Examine theories of development.

MNL Learning Outcome:

Page Number: pp. 24–25