Chapter 02: Principles of Drug Action

Chapter 02: Principles of Drug Action

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. During which phase of drug action is a drug made available to the body?

a.	Administration
b.	Pharmacokinetic
c.	Pharmacodynamic
d.	Pharmacogenetic

 

 

ANS:  A

A drug dose is made available to the body during the drug administration phase. The pharmacokinetic phase involves the time course and disposition of a drug in the body, based on its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The pharmacodynamic phase involves the mechanisms of drug action by which a drug molecule causes its effect on the body. Pharmacogenetics is the study of variations among patients in their responses to drugs that are caused by hereditary differences.

 

REF:   p. 12

 

2. A drug’s portal of entry into the body is known as the

a.	formulation.
b.	dosage.
c.	route of administration.
d.	additive.

 

 

ANS:  C

Formulation involves the physical state of the drug in association with nondrug components (e.g., the vehicle). Dosage involves the amount of active drug being administered. The route of administration is the portal of entry for the drug into the body, such as by oral (enteral) administration, injection, or inhalation. Additives are agents that help deliver the drug. For example, a metered dose inhaler (MDI) uses propellants to move the drug, a dry powder inhaler (DPI) uses bulking agents to improve dispersion of the drug, and capsules use a gelatinous material on the outside to allow the drug to be swallowed more easily.

 

REF:   p. 12

 

3. Which of the following are routes of drug administration?
4. Enteral
5. Parenteral
6. Ointment
7. Inhalation

 

a.	1 and 4 only
b.	1, 2, and 3 only
c.	1, 2, and 4 only
d.	1, 2, 3, and 4

 

 

ANS:  C

Enteral (gastrointestinally), parenteral (other than gastrointestinally, generally injected), and inhalation are three of the five broad categories of drug administration (the other two are transdermal and topical). Ointment describes the formulation of a drug that may be administered topically.

 

REF:   p. 13

 

4. Which of the following methods of drug delivery are commonly considered parenteral?
5. Intravenous
6. Intramuscular
7. Paste
8. Aerosol

 

a.	1 and 4 only
b.	1 and 2 only
c.	3 and 4 only
d.	1, 2, 3, and 4

 

 

ANS:  B

Technically, the term parenteral means “besides the intestine,” which implies any route of administration other than enteral. However, the parenteral route is commonly taken to mean injection of a drug. Various options are available for injection of a drug, the most common of which are the following:

Intravenous (IV): Injected directly into the vein, allowing nearly instantaneous access to the systemic circulation. Drugs can be given as a bolus, in which case the entire dose is given rapidly, leading to a sharp increase in the plasma concentration, or as a steady infusion to avoid this precipitous increase.

(IM): Injected deep into a skeletal muscle. Because the drug must be absorbed from the muscle into the systemic circulation, the drug effects occur more gradually than with intravenous injection, although typically more rapidly than by the oral route.

Subcutaneous (SC): Injected into the subcutaneous tissue beneath the epidermis and dermis.

Intraosseous (IO): Injected into the marrow of the bone.

 

REF:   p. 13