Chapter 02: Relevant Theories and Therapies for Nursing Practice

Chapter 02: Relevant Theories and Therapies for Nursing Practice

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A parent says, “My 2-year-old child refuses toilet training and shouts ‘No!’ when given directions. What do you think is wrong?” Select the nurse’s best reply.

ANS:  B

This behavior is typical of a child around the age of 2 years, whose developmental task is to develop autonomy. The distracters indicate the child’s behavior is abnormal.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

REF:   Page 22-23 (Table 2-2)                    TOP:   Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:  Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

2. A 26-month-old displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often says, “No!” Which stage of psychosexual development is evident?

ANS:  B

The anal stage occurs from age 1 to 3 years and has as its focus toilet training and learning to delay immediate gratification. The oral stage occurs between birth and 1 year. The phallic stage occurs between 3 and 5 years, and the genital stage occurs between age 13 and 20 years.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

REF:   Page 21-22 (Table 2-1)                    TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

3. A 26-month-old displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often says, “No!” Which psychosocial crisis is evident?

ANS:  D

The crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt relates to the developmental task of gaining control of self and environment, as exemplified by toilet training. This psychosocial crisis occurs during the period of early childhood. Trust versus mistrust is the crisis of the infant. Initiative versus guilt is the crisis of the preschool and early-school-aged child. Industry versus inferiority is the crisis of the 6- to 12-year-old child.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

REF:   Page 22-23 (Table 2-2)                    TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

4. A 4-year-old grabs toys from siblings and says, “I want that now!” The siblings cry, and the child’s parent becomes upset with the behavior. According to Freudian theory, this behavior is a product of impulses originating in which system of the personality?

ANS:  A

The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of impulses. The ego acts as a mediator of behavior and weighs the consequences of the action, perhaps determining that taking the toy is not worth the mother’s wrath. The superego would oppose the impulsive behavior as “not nice.” The preconscious is a level of awareness. This item relates to an audience response question.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

REF:   Page 20-21     TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

5. The parent of a 4-year-old rewards and praises the child for helping a younger sibling, being polite, and using good manners. The nurse supports this use of praise related to these behaviors. These qualities are likely to be internalized and become part of which system of the personality?

ANS:  C

The superego contains the “thou shalts,” or moral standards internalized from interactions with significant others. Praise fosters internalization of desirable behaviors. The id is the center of basic instinctual drives, and the ego is the mediator. The ego is the problem-solving and reality-testing portion of the personality that negotiates solutions with the outside world. The preconscious is a level of awareness from which material can be retrieved easily with conscious effort.  This item relates to an audience response question.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

REF:   Page 20-21     TOP:   Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:  Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance