Nursing Research Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence Based Practice, 8th Edition by Geri LoBiondo
Nursing Research Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence Based Practice, 8th Edition by Geri LoBiondo
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Chapter 02: Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
MULTIPLE CHOICE
| a. | A research question is practice based, and a hypothesis is theory based. |
| b. | A hypothesis attempts to answer the question posed by the research problem. |
| c. | A research problem defines clinical research and a hypothesis defines basic research. |
| d. | There is no difference between a research problem and a hypothesis. |
ANS: B
| Feedback | |
| A | Although a hypothesis is sometimes theory based, sometimes it is not. Similarly, research questions are not always practice based. Sometimes they originate in educational theory that relates to nursing education research, and sometimes they originate in basic, rather than applied, research. |
| B | A hypothesis attempts to answer the research question. |
| C | Research problems are present in all types of research, and a hypothesis may be present in basic or applied research. |
| D | Hypotheses and research questions are not identical. Hypotheses flow from research questions and suggest the ways the questions can be investigated. |
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: Page 26
| a. | Hypotheses can be developed in the absence of a theoretical framework. |
| b. | Hypotheses must be consistent with an existing theoretical framework. |
| c. | A theory can determine the validity of a hypothesis. |
| d. | A theory can be used to evaluate the merit of a hypothesis. |
ANS: B
| Feedback | |
| A | A hypothesis is a bridge between a theoretical framework and the real world of empirical testing. Therefore, a theoretical framework is required. |
| B | A sound hypothesis is consistent with an existing body of theory and research findings. |
| C | When tested, a hypothesis can help determine the validity of a theory’s assumptions—the reverse of option C. |
| D | When tested, a hypothesis can help evaluate a theory’s merit—the opposite of option D. |
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: Page 26, 27
| a. | “Most of our hospital’s admissions come in at night.” |
| b. | “It is difficult to find personnel willing to work the night shift.” |
| c. | “It seems that most of the patient falls on our unit occur during the night shift.” |
| d. | “The personnel on the night shift are not attending promptly to the needs of our patients.” |
ANS: C
| Feedback | |
| A | This statement is broad and not specific to patient care. It would need to be defined in much more detail to have potential for nursing research. |
| B | This broad statement is important to managers responsible for staffing a health care facility. However, it does not show potential for investigation that would contribute to the body of nursing knowledge. |
| C | This statement identifies a specific, important patient problem. Its exploration has potential to contribute to the body of nursing knowledge. |
| D | This is a broad subjective observation that does not suggest any approach for investigation or potential for contributing to the body of nursing knowledge. |
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: Page 28
| a. | Identify the variables |
| b. | Formulate the research hypothesis |
| c. | Perform a literature review |
| d. | Determine financial resources for the research project |
ANS: C
| Feedback | |
| A | It is too early to identify variables. They will be confirmed by the literature review. |
| B | Although the researcher may have a preliminary hunch about the hypothesis, it cannot be formulated until the research question is formalized after the literature review is completed. |
| C | The literature review helps to further define the research question by identifying gaps in the literature, the need for replication of prior research, or the need to extend the knowledge base in a particular research area. It also identifies variables essential to consider in refining the research question. |
| D | The financial resources needed for the project cannot be determined until the study’s design and methodology are finalized. |
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: Page 28
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