Chapter 03: Fluid, Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance, and Intravenous Therapy

Chapter 03: Fluid, Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance, and Intravenous Therapy

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The nurse uses a diagram to demonstrate how in dehydration the water is drawn into the plasma from the cells by which process?

a.	Distillation
b.	Diffusion
c.	Filtration
d.	Osmosis

 

 

ANS:  D

The process of osmosis accomplishes the movement of water from the cells into the plasma, causing dehydration.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   32

OBJ:   3 (theory)       TOP:   Dehydration   KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

2. The nurse assessing a patient with vomiting and diarrhea observes that the urine is scant and concentrated. Which controlling factor is responsible for compensatory reabsorption of water?

a.	Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
b.	Antidiuretic hormone in the posterior pituitary
c.	Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus
d.	Insulin from the pancreas

 

 

ANS:  B

The antidiuretic hormone controls how much water leaves the body by reabsorbing water in the renal tubules.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   30

OBJ:   2 (theory)       TOP:   Regulation of Body Fluids

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

3. The nurse uses a picture to show how ions equalize their concentration by which passive transport process?

a.	Osmosis
b.	Filtration
c.	Titration
d.	Diffusion

 

 

ANS:  D

Diffusion is the process by which substances move back and forth across compartment membranes until they are equally divided.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   31

OBJ:   2 (theory)       TOP:   Diffusion       KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

4. Which term describes the active transport process that moves sodium and potassium into or out of cells?

a.	Filtration
b.	Sodium pump
c.	Diffusion
d.	Osmosis

 

 

ANS:  B

The sodium pump is the mechanism by which sodium and potassium are moved into or out of cells regardless of the concentration.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   32

OBJ:   2 (theory)       TOP:   Active Transport

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation