Chapter 03: Fluid, Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance, and Intravenous Therapy

Chapter 03: Fluid, Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance, and Intravenous Therapy

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The nurse uses a diagram to demonstrate how in dehydration the water is drawn into the plasma from the cells by the process of:

ANS:  D

The process of osmosis accomplishes the movement of water from the cells into the plasma, causing dehydration.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   32-33             OBJ:   3 (theory)

TOP:   Dehydration   KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

2. The nurse assessing a patient with vomiting and diarrhea observes that the urine is scant and concentrated. The nurse explains that the compensatory reabsorption of water is controlled by:

ANS:  B

The antidiuretic hormone controls how much water leaves the body by reabsorbing water in the renal tubules.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   31-32             OBJ:   2 (theory)

TOP:   Regulation of Body Fluids               KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

3. The nurse uses a picture to show how ions equalize their concentration by the passive transport process of:

ANS:  D

Diffusion is the process by which substances move back and forth across compartment membranes until they are equally divided.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   32                  OBJ:   3 (theory)

TOP:   Diffusion        KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

4. The nurse explains that the active transport process that is able to move sodium and potassium into or out of cells is:

ANS:  B

The sodium pump is the mechanism by which sodium and potassium are moved into or out of cells regardless of the concentration.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   33                  OBJ:   3 (theory)

TOP:   Active Transport                             KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

5. The patient taking furosemide (Lasix) to correct excess edema shows a weight loss of 5.5 pounds in 24 hours. The nurse calculates this weight loss to be the excretion of approximately _____ liters of fluid.

ANS:  D

Each kilogram (2.2 pounds) of weight loss is equivalent to 1 liter of fluid. Therefore, 5.5 pounds ÷ 2.2 pounds = 2.5 liters.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   35                  OBJ:   1 (clinical)

TOP:   Fluid Loss      KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation