Chapter 03: Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis, Cell Function, and Cell Reproduction

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

1. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is characterized by the deletion of a DNA sequence on chromosome 4q35. This deletion correlates with both the inability of a specific protein complex to bind to the DNA and an overexpression of the genes upstream of the deletion. The sequence deleted in FSHD most likely functions normally as:

A.    An activator protein

1. A repressor protein
2. An activator element
3. A repressor element
4. A promoter sequence

ANS: D

2. In comparing two cell types from the same person (e.g. a neuron and an epithelial cell) the variation in their proteomes, or the proteins expressed by each cell type, reflects:
3. Differences in the DNA contained in the nucleus of each cell
4. Variation in the numbers of copies of specific genes in their respective genomes
5. Cell-dependent expression and/or repression of specific genes
6. Differences in the number of chromosomes in each cell
7. The loss of genes from each genome over time

ANS: C

3. Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of events that occur during the synthesis and packaging of a secreted protein?
4. The gene is transcribed in the cytosol; mRNA is translated by ribosomes bound to “rough” endoplasmic reticulum; the protein is packaged for secretion in the trans-Golgi network
5. The gene is transcribed in the nucleus; RNA polymerase binds to the start codon; the protein is packaged for secretion in the trans-Golgi network
6. Translation is initiated in the cytosol; the protein is carried in membrane-bound vesicles to the cis-Golgi apparatus; the protein is packaged for secretion in the trans-Golgi network
7. Translation is initiated in the cytosol; new polypeptide is co-transported with Na⁺ across the outer ER membrane; the protein is glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus
8. Translation is initiated by small ribosomal subunits anchored to the ER membrane; protein is glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus; the protein is packaged into lysosomes

ANS: C

4. Which of the following does NOT play a direct role in the process of transcription?
5. Helicase
6. RNA polymerase
7. A chain terminating sequence
8. “Activated” RNA molecules
9. A promoter sequence

ANS: A

5. “Redundancy” or “degeneration” of the genetic code occurs during which of the following steps of protein synthesis?
6. DNA replication
7. Transcription
8. Post-transcriptional modification
9. Translation
10. Protein glycosylation

ANS: B