Chapter 04 Critical Thinking and Nursing Theory Models

Chapter 04 Critical Thinking and Nursing Theory Models

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)During a clinical practicum, a student nurse assists two staff nurses in making a postoperative bed.Each nurse makes the bed in a different way. The student nurse asks the instructor about the correctway to make a postoperative bed. The instructor responds by asking the student “What do youthink?” Using critical thinking, the most important information for the student to understand informulating a response is/are the:1)A)Evidence-based nursing theory for performing procedures.B)Likelihood that one of the nurses was performing the procedure incorrectly.C)Differences in the ways the two beds were made.D)Practices of individual hospital units in performing procedures.Answer:AExplanation:A)Nursing practice is based upon scientific nursing theory, which includes reasonsfor performing procedures in particular ways. There can be variations in how aprocedure is performed as long as the underlying principles are upheld. Byapplying the principles, the student can then determine if the differences inperformance are contradictory to the principles.AssessmentSafe, Effective Care Environment-Safety and Infection ControlAnalysisB)Nursing practice is based upon scientific nursing theory, which includes reasonsfor performing procedures in particular ways. There can be variations in how aprocedure is performed as long as the underlying principles are upheld. Byapplying the principles, the student can then determine if the differences inperformance are contradictory to the principles.AssessmentSafe, Effective Care Environment-Safety and Infection ControlAnalysisC)Nursing practice is based upon scientific nursing theory, which includes reasonsfor performing procedures in particular ways. There can be variations in how aprocedure is performed as long as the underlying principles are upheld. Byapplying the principles, the student can then determine if the differences inperformance are contradictory to the principles.AssessmentSafe, Effective Care Environment-Safety and Infection ControlAnalysisD)Nursing practice is based upon scientific nursing theory, which includes reasonsfor performing procedures in particular ways. There can be variations in how aprocedure is performed as long as the underlying principles are upheld. Byapplying the principles, the student can then determine if the differences inperformance are contradictory to the principles.AssessmentSafe, Effective Care Environment-Safety and Infection ControlAnalysis1
2)A client admitted with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa has all of the following nursing diagnoses.Which diagnosis will take priority in planning nursing care?2)A)Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirementsB)Chronic Low Self-EsteemC)Risk for Impaired Tissue IntegrityD)Disturbed Body ImageAnswer:AExplanation:A)Physiological needs will always take priority over other identified needs.Disturbed Body Image and Chronic Low Self-Esteem are psychosocial needs, notphysiological needs. Imbalanced Nutrition is an actual problem; Risk for ImpairedTissue Integrity is a potential problem.PlanningSafe, Effective Care Environment-Coordinated CareAnalysisB)Physiological needs will always take priority over other identified needs.Disturbed Body Image and Chronic Low Self-Esteem are psychosocial needs, notphysiological needs. Imbalanced Nutrition is an actual problem; Risk for ImpairedTissue Integrity is a potential problem.PlanningSafe, Effective Care Environment-Coordinated CareAnalysisC)Physiological needs will always take priority over other identified needs.Disturbed Body Image and Chronic Low Self-Esteem are psychosocial needs, notphysiological needs. Imbalanced Nutrition is an actual problem; Risk for ImpairedTissue Integrity is a potential problem.PlanningSafe, Effective Care Environment-Coordinated CareAnalysisD)Physiological needs will always take priority over other identified needs.Disturbed Body Image and Chronic Low Self-Esteem are psychosocial needs, notphysiological needs. Imbalanced Nutrition is an actual problem; Risk for ImpairedTissue Integrity is a potential problem.PlanningSafe, Effective Care Environment-Coordinated CareAnalysis3)An elderly adult is hospitalized with pneumonia in the right lower lung lobe. One nursingdiagnosis is Impaired Gas Exchange. Which actions should the nurse expect to be part of the client’snursing care plan based on the expected outcomes for this diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)3)A)Assess the client’s level of consciousness and any changes in mentation.B)Determine if the client has a “Do Not Resuscitate” order in the chart.C)Evaluate the client’s oxygen saturation every two hours and before and after activity.D)Assist the client in the use of an incentive spirometer every 1 to 2 hours.E)Have emergency equipment such as a tracheotomy or thoracentesis tray at the client’sbedside.F)Encourage the client to actively participate in self-care.Answer:A, C, D2
Explanation:A)The nursing diagnosis is physiological and correct answer choices must reflectthis, whether they are about collecting information or implementing actions toimprove gas exchange. The client has reduced oxygenation and is at risk forrespiratory complications, so minimizing the amount of effort that the client needsto expend with activity is important. A “Do Not Resuscitate” order is not related tothe nursing diagnosis of Impaired Gas Exchange.PlanningPhysiological Integrity-Physiological AdaptationAnalysisB)The nursing diagnosis is physiological and correct answer choices must reflectthis, whether they are about collecting information or implementing actions toimprove gas exchange. The client has reduced oxygenation and is at risk forrespiratory complications, so minimizing the amount of effort that the client needsto expend with activity is important. A “Do Not Resuscitate” order is not related tothe nursing diagnosis of Impaired Gas Exchange.PlanningPhysiological Integrity-Physiological AdaptationAnalysisC)The nursing diagnosis is physiological and correct answer choices must reflectthis, whether they are about collecting information or implementing actions toimprove gas exchange. The client has reduced oxygenation and is at risk forrespiratory complications, so minimizing the amount of effort that the client needsto expend with activity is important. A “Do Not Resuscitate” order is not related tothe nursing diagnosis of Impaired Gas Exchange.PlanningPhysiological Integrity-Physiological AdaptationAnalysisD)The nursing diagnosis is physiological and correct answer choices must reflectthis, whether they are about collecting information or implementing actions toimprove gas exchange. The client has reduced oxygenation and is at risk forrespiratory complications, so minimizing the amount of effort that the client needsto expend with activity is important. A “Do Not Resuscitate” order is not related tothe nursing diagnosis of Impaired Gas Exchange.PlanningPhysiological Integrity-Physiological AdaptationAnalysisE)The nursing diagnosis is physiological and correct answer choices must reflectthis, whether they are about collecting information or implementing actions toimprove gas exchange. The client has reduced oxygenation and is at risk forrespiratory complications, so minimizing the amount of effort that the client needsto expend with activity is important. A “Do Not Resuscitate” order is not related tothe nursing diagnosis of Impaired Gas Exchange.PlanningPhysiological Integrity-Physiological AdaptationAnalysis3
F)The nursing diagnosis is physiological and correct answer choices must reflectthis, whether they are about collecting information or implementing actions toimprove gas exchange. The client has reduced oxygenation and is at risk forrespiratory complications, so minimizing the amount of effort that the client needsto expend with activity is important. A “Do Not Resuscitate” order is not related tothe nursing diagnosis of Impaired Gas Exchange.PlanningPhysiological Integrity-Physiological AdaptationAnalysis4)The client has had a resection of multiple bladder tumors and has an indwelling catheter withcontinual bladder irrigation of 100 milliliters per hour. The client is drinking some liquids. Fourhours after the beginning of the shift, the nurse notes that there is 580 milliters of pink-tingedoutput in the drainage bag. Based on this assessment, the nurse determines that the:4)A)Urine output is too high for 4 hours.B)Urine output is too low for 4 hours.C)Client may be starting to hemorrhage.D)Amount and coloration of the urine are normal when compared to expected findings.Answer:DExplanation:A)The nurse applies critical thinking to assessment findings and must compare thefindings to expected results. The client is expected to have between 30 and 60milliliters of urine output per hour. The continual bladder irrigation will add 400milliliters to the amount in the drainage bag. The oral intake is contributing anunknown amount of fluid to the output. Pink-tinged urine is expected after thiskind of surgery, and is not an indication of hemorrhage.EvaluationPhysiological Integrity-Physiological AdaptationAnalysisB)The nurse applies critical thinking to assessment findings and must compare thefindings to expected results. The client is expected to have between 30 and 60milliliters of urine output per hour. The continual bladder irrigation will add 400milliliters to the amount in the drainage bag. The oral intake is contributing anunknown amount of fluid to the output. Pink-tinged urine is expected after thiskind of surgery, and is not an indication of hemorrhage.EvaluationPhysiological Integrity-Physiological AdaptationAnalysisC)The nurse applies critical thinking to assessment findings and must compare thefindings to expected results. The client is expected to have between 30 and 60milliliters of urine output per hour. The continual bladder irrigation will add 400milliliters to the amount in the drainage bag. The oral intake is contributing anunknown amount of fluid to the output. Pink-tinged urine is expected after thiskind of surgery, and is not an indication of hemorrhage.EvaluationPhysiological Integrity-Physiological AdaptationAnalysis4
D)The nurse applies critical thinking to assessment findings and must compare thefindings to expected results. The client is expected to have between 30 and 60milliliters of urine output per hour. The continual bladder irrigation will add 400milliliters to the amount in the drainage bag. The oral intake is contributing anunknown amount of fluid to the output. Pink-tinged urine is expected after thiskind of surgery, and is not an indication of hemorrhage.EvaluationPhysiological Integrity-Physiological AdaptationAnalysis