Chapter 04: Hemodynamic Disorders

Chapter 04: Hemodynamic Disorders

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A 60-year-old man had congestive heart failure and sodium retention. Pitting edema of the lower extremities in this patient is most likely associated with an increased blood level of
2. albumin
3. globulin
4. aldosterone
5. troponin
6. plasminogen

ANS: C, Renal hypoperfusion due to heart failure leads to secondary hyperaldosteronism and consequent retention of sodium and water.

2. A 60-year-old woman had a mastectomy for advanced cancer in her left breast, followed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. She developed edema of the left arm. This edema is caused by
3. obstruction of the lymph flow
4. arterial thrombosis
5. venous thrombosis
6. spread of cancer into the soft tissue of the arm
7. hypoalbuminemia secondary to liver injury caused by hepatic metastases

ANS: A, Arm edema following a mastectomy is a complication of breast cancer treatment caused by an obstruction of the lymphatics in the axilla. This obstruction of lymphatics is a consequence of radiation injury or scarring associated with surgery.

3. A 63-year-old woman died 2 days after the onset of severe myocardial ischemia caused by coronary thrombosis. At autopsy, the lungs were heavy. Upon sectioning of the lungs, frothy fluid was seen oozing from the cut surface of the parenchyma. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
4. Pulmonary embolism
5. Pulmonary infarction
6. Pulmonary edema
7. Atelectasis
8. Lobar pneumonia

ANS: C, Lungs that are heavy and on cross section show oozing of frothy fluid are filled with edema fluid. In this case, edema developed due to left-sided heart failure.