Chapter 05: Hereditary and Environmental Influences on Childbearing

Chapter 05: Hereditary and Environmental Influences on Childbearing

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A clinic nurse is planning a teaching session for childbearing-age female clients. Which should the nurse include in the teaching session with regard to avoiding exposing a fetus to teratogens?

ANS:  A

In well-controlled studies, class A medications have no demonstrated fetal risk. Immunizations for diseases such as rubella are contraindicated during pregnancy. Use of saunas and hot tubs are not recommended because maternal hyperthermia is an important teratogen. Alcohol is an environmental substance known to be teratogenic.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   67

OBJ:   Nursing Process Step: Planning        MSC:  Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

2. The parents of a child with a karyotype of 47,XY, +21 ask the nurse what this means. Which is an accurate response by the nurse?

ANS:  C

This child is male because his sex chromosomes are XY. He has one extra copy of chromosome 21 (for a total of 47, instead of 46), resulting in Down syndrome. A normal female would have 46 chromosome and XX for the sex chromosomes. A normal male would have 46 chromosomes. A female with Turner’s syndrome would have 45 chromosomes; the sex chromosome would have just one X.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   59, 60

OBJ:   Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

3. People who have two copies of the same abnormal autosomal dominant gene will usually be:

ANS:  D

People who have two copies of an abnormal gene are usually more severely affected by the disorder because they have no normal gene to maintain normal function. Those mildly affected with the disorder will have only one copy of the abnormal gene. Infertility may or may not be caused by chromosomal defects. A carrier of a trait has one recessive gene.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understanding       REF:   61

OBJ:   Nursing Process Step: Assessment   MSC:  Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

4. An infant is born with blood type AB. The father is type A and the mother is type B. The father asks why the baby has a blood type different from that of the parents. The nurse’s answer should be based on the knowledge that which is true?

ANS:  A

Types A and B are equally dominant, and the baby can thus inherit one from each parent. Both types A and B are dominant, not recessive. The infant has inherited both blood types from the parents and is not a mutation. Both types A and B are equally dominant.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   60, 61

OBJ:   Nursing Process Step: Assessment   MSC:  Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

5. Which statement is true of multifactorial disorders?

ANS:  B

Multifactorial disorders result from an interaction between a person’s genetic susceptibility and environmental conditions that favor development of the defect. They are characteristically present and detectable at birth. They are usually single isolated defects, although the primary defect may cause secondary defects. Secondary defects can occur with multifactorial disorders.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering        REF:   65

OBJ:   Nursing Process Step: Assessment   MSC:  Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance