Chapter 06: Conception and Prenatal Development

Chapter 06: Conception and Prenatal Development

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. An expectant father asks the nurse, “Which part of the mature sperm contains the male chromosomes?” What is the best response by the nurse?

a.	X-bearing sperm
b.	The tail of the sperm
c.	The head of the sperm
d.	The middle portion of the sperm

 

 

ANS:  C

The head of the sperm contains the male chromosomes that will join the chromosomes of the ovum. If an X-bearing sperm fertilizes the ovum, the baby will be female. The tail of the sperm helps propel the sperm toward the ovum. The middle portion of the sperm supplies energy for the tail’s whiplike action.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   75

OBJ:   Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

2. One of the assessments performed in the birth room is checking the umbilical cord for blood vessels. Which finding is considered to be within normal limits?

a.	One artery and one vein
b.	Two veins and one artery
c.	Two arteries and one vein
d.	Two arteries and two veins

 

 

ANS:  C

The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein to transport blood between the fetus and the placenta. Any option other than two arteries and one vein is considered abnormal and requires further assessment. Two veins and one artery is abnormal and may indicate an anomaly. Two arteries instead of one is considered normal; this infant would require further assessment for other anomalies.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understanding       REF:   86

OBJ:   Nursing Process Step: Assessment   MSC:  Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

3. Which is the purpose of the ovum’s zona pellucida?

a.	Prevents multiple sperm from fertilizing the ovum
b.	Stimulates the ovum to begin mitotic cell division
c.	Allows the 46 chromosomes from each gamete to merge
d.	Makes a pathway for more than one sperm to reach the ovum

 

 

ANS:  A

Fertilization causes the zona pellucida to change its chemical composition so that multiple sperm cannot fertilize the ovum. Miotic cell division begins when the nuclei of the sperm and ovum unite. Each gamete (sperm and ovum) has only 23 chromosomes; there will be 46 chromosomes when they merge. Once sperm has entered the ovum, the zona pellucida changes to prevent other sperm from entering.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understanding       REF:   75

OBJ:   Nursing Process Step: Assessment   MSC:  Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

4. The nurse is explaining the process of cell division during the preembryonic period to a group of nursing students. Which describes the morula?

a.	Fertilized ovum before mitosis begins
b.	Double layer of cells that becomes the placenta
c.	Flattened, disk-shaped layer of cells within a fluid-filled sphere
d.	Solid ball composed of the first cells formed after fertilization

 

 

ANS:  D

The morula is so named because it resembles a mulberry. It is a solid ball of 12 to 16 cells that develops after fertilization. The fertilized ovum is called the zygote. The placenta is formed from two layers of cells—the trophoblast, which is the other portion of the fertilized ovum, and the decidua, which is the portion of the uterus where implantation occurs. The flattened, disk-shaped layer of cells is the embryonic disk; it will develop into the body.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understanding       REF:   77

OBJ:   Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

5. The upper uterus is the best place for the fertilized ovum to implant because the:

a.	maternal blood flow is lower.
b.	placenta attaches most firmly.
c.	uterine endometrium is softer.
d.	developing baby is best nourished.

 

 

ANS:  D

The uterine fundus is richly supplied with blood and has the thickest endometrium, both of which promote optimum nourishment of the fetus. The blood supply is rich in the fundus, which allows for optimal nourishment of the fetus. If the placenta attaches too deeply, it does not easily detach. Softness is not a concern with implantation; attachment and nourishment are the major concerns.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understanding       REF:   77, 78

OBJ:   Nursing Process Step: Assessment   MSC:  Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance