Chapter 06: Nutritional Alterations

Chapter 06: Nutritional Alterations

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. A patient with acute pancreatitis is to be started on enteral tube feeding. What type of formula would be most appropriate?

a.	Low protein
b.	Low sodium
c.	Low carbohydrate
d.	Low fat

 

ANS:   D

A low-fat enteral formula has the least likelihood of stimulating pancreatic secretion.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension       REF:    54

OBJ:    Nursing Process: Intervention TOP:    Nutrition

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

2. A patient has a new order for intermittent nasogastric feedings every 4 hours. The nasogastric tube is placed by the nurse. The best method for confirming the placement of the tube before feeding would be to:

a.	obtain an x-ray of the abdomen.
b.	check the pH of fluid aspirated from the tube.
c.	auscultate the left upper quadrant of the abdomen while injecting air into the tube.
d.	auscultate the right upper quadrant of the abdomen while injecting air into the tube.

 

ANS:   A

Once the tube is placed, correct location must be confirmed before feedings are started and regularly throughout the course of enteral feedings. Radiographs are the most accurate way of assessing tube placement.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application REF:    57

OBJ:    Nursing Process: Assessment TOP:    Nutrition

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

3. A person with a body mass index (BMI) of 32 would be considered:

a.	obese.
b.	overweight.
c.	of normal weight.
d.	underweight.

 

ANS:   A

A person is considered obese when he or she is more than 40% over ideal body weight or has a BMI greater than 30.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension       REF:    Table 6-2

OBJ:    Nursing Process: Assessment TOP:    Nutrition

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

4. Diet therapy for a hypertensive person 1 day after a myocardial infarction would include all the following except:

a.	small, frequent meals.
b.	a low-cholesterol diet.
c.	a low-salt diet.
d.	a fluid-restricted diet.

 

ANS:   D

Fluid restriction is generally not needed in the patient who has had a myocardial infarction. Small, frequent meals lessen the cardiac workload. Low-cholesterol and low-salt diets are appropriate for reducing hypercholesterolemia in arteriosclerotic disease and controlling hypertension, respectively.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis      REF:    49

OBJ:    Nursing Process: Implementation       TOP:    Nutrition

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

5. Two types of protein-caloric malnutrition are kwashiorkor and marasmus. Kwashiorkor results in:

a.	weight loss and muscle wasting.
b.	low levels of serum proteins, low lymphocyte count, and hair loss.
c.	elevated serum albumin and increased creatinine excretion in the urine.
d.	hyperpigmentation and a hard, easily palpated liver margin.

 

ANS:   B

Kwashiorkor results in low levels of serum proteins, low lymphocyte count, low immunity and edema from low plasma oncotic pressure, and hair loss.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension       REF:    48

OBJ:    Nursing Process: Assessment TOP:    Nutrition

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation