Chapter 06: Nutritional Alterations

Chapter 06: Nutritional Alterations

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A patient with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus is to be started on enteral tube feeding. What type of formula would be most appropriate?

ANS:  D

Individuals with diabetes mellitus whose blood sugar is poorly controlled with standard formulas should be given a glucose intolerance formula that is high in fat and low in carbohydrate. High protein is associated with polymeric formulas. Concentrated calories is associated with renal failure. Low sodium is associated with hepatic failure.

2. Most of the energy produced from carbohydrate metabolism is used to form what substance?

ANS:  C

Most of the energy produced from carbohydrate metabolism is used to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the principal form of immediately available energy within all body cells. One gram of carbohydrate provides approximately 4 kcal of energy. Through the process of digestion, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, fructose, and galactose. Antibodies are produced through the immune system.

3. A patient has a new order for intermittent nasogastric feedings every 4 hours. The nasogastric tube is placed by the nurse. The best method for confirming the placement of the tube before feeding would be to

ANS:  A

After the tube has been placed, correct location must be confirmed before feedings are started and regularly throughout the course of enteral feedings. Radiographs are the most accurate way of assessing tube placement.

4. A person with a BMI of 28 would be considered

ANS:  B

A body mass index between 25 and 30 is considered overweight or pre-obese. The other BMIs are underweight = 2; normal = 18.5 to 24.99 kg/m²; overweight = ?5=25 kg/m²; pre-obese = 25 to 29.99 kg/m²; obese class I = 30 to 34.99 kg/m²; obese class II = 35 to 39.99 kg/m²; and obese class III = ?5=40 kg/m².

5. Diet therapy for a person with hypertension 1 day after a myocardial infarction would include

ANS:  C

Because fluid accompanies sodium, limitation of sodium is necessary to reduce fluid retention. Specific interventions include limiting salt intake, usually to 2 g a day or less, and limiting fluid intake because appropriate meal size, caffeine intake, and food temperatures are some of the dietary factors that are of concern. Small, frequent snacks are preferable to larger meals for patients with severe myocardial compromise or postprandial angina.