Chapter 1: Introduction to Neuroscience

Chapter 1: Introduction to Neuroscience

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

1. Which one of the following studies is an example of systems level neuroscience?
2. A study investigating the action of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the temporal lobes of rodents
3. A study investigating the effect of impaired memory on walking performance
4. A study investigating how autonomic nerves influences baroreceptors in the vasculature
5. A study investigating the differential effects of vestibular and proprioceptive impairments on balance in those who have had a stroke

ANS: C

Rationale: Systems level neuroscience is concerned with groups of cells in the nervous system that perform a common function and how these cells interact with other body systems. Other levels of neuroscience include the molecular level, which investigates the chemistry and physics involved in neural function; the cellular level, which examines the distinctions among different types of cells in the nervous system and how they function and communicate among themselves and among non-neural cells; the behavioral level, which examines the interactions among systems that influence behavior; and the cognitive level, which explores complex neurologic functions such as thinking, language, and memory.

2. Which of the following three systems extend into all regions of the nervous system?
3. Somatic motor, autonomic, and basal ganglia
4. Autonomic, somatosensory, and cognitive
5. Limbic, autonomic, and somatosensory
6. Somatic, somatosensory, and autonomic

ANS: D

Rationale: The three systems extend throughout the entire nervous system. are the somatosensory system, conveying information from the skin and musculoskeletal system to the brain; the autonomic system, providing communication between the brain and smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands; and the somatic motor system, transmitting information from the brain to the skeletal muscles. The basal ganglia, cognitive, and limbic systems are located entirely within the brain, and thus do not extend into the spinal and peripheral regions.

3. The peripheral nervous system includes which of the following?
4. Brainstem and spinal nerves
5. Nerves, sensory receptors, and autonomic ganglia
6. Groups of myelinated axons called capsules or tracts
7. Only afferent neurons that convey information to the central nervous system

ANS: B

Rationale: The peripheral nervous system consists of all nervous system structures outside of the skull and spinal column. Myelinated axons, the white matter of the peripheral nervous system, are grouped together in nerves. Peripheral nerves convey both afferent and efferent information to and from the central nervous system. Collections of autonomic cell bodies, or gray matter, located in the periphery are termed ganglia.

4. The brainstem and cerebellum receive most of their blood supply from which of the following arterial branches?
5. Internal carotid and posterior cerebral
6. Vertebral and middle cerebral
7. Vertebral and basilar
8. Internal carotid and basilar

ANS: C

Rationale: Branches of the vertebral and basilar arteries provide blood supply to the brainstem and cerebellum. These branches include the anterior and posterior spinal arteries (medulla), posterior cerebral arteries (midbrain), posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (medulla and cerebellum), and anterior inferior and superior cerebellar arteries (pons and cerebellum).

5. The purpose of a neurologic evaluation is to:
6. Establish a definitive diagnosis.
7. Determine an appropriate plan of care.
8. Determine the probable cause of the problem.
9. Determine the probable cause of the problem and the appropriate plan of care.

ANS: D

Rationale: The purpose of a neurologic evaluation is to determine the likely cause of the problem and the appropriate course of action so that treatment can be provided. In many instances the evaluation will reveal a definitive diagnosis; however, this is not always the case.