Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
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Chapter 10- Alterations in Temperature Regulation
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | The medical team is assessing a newly admitted patient who is hypothermic following a night spent lost on a ski slope. The health care professionals would recognize that which of the following phenomena most likely contributed to minimizing the client’s heat loss in a cold environment? | |
| A) | The high heat conductivity of subcutaneous tissue protected against core heat loss. | |
| B) | Increased blood flow to the outer shell prevented superficial freezing and loss of heat. | |
| C) | The tissue thickness of the outer shell increased and preserved heat. | |
| D) | Shell temperature dropped, minimizing the temperature variance between the core temperature and environmental temperature. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The thickness of the outer shell is modifiable in response to the environmental temperature and can be increased through decreased blood flow. Subcutaneous tissue provides protection due to its low, not high, conductivity. Blood flow decreases to the outer shell in low temperatures, and the lowering of the shell temperature does not necessarily minimize heat loss. | ||
| 2. | In the ICU setting, a patient transported from surgery following open heart bypass grafting will likely have his core temperature measured by a/an | |
| A) | rectal tube inserted to prevent evacuation from bowels while recovering from anesthesia. | |
| B) | temperature probe taped behind his ear. | |
| C) | esophageal flexible thermometer monitoring aorta distention. | |
| D) | pulmonary artery catheter being used to measure cardiac output. | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Core temperature may be obtained by a rectal tube, by using an esophageal flexible thermometer, from a pulmonary artery catheter used for thermodilution measurement of cardiac output, or from a urinary catheter with a thermosensor that measures the temperature of urine in the bladder. Since CABG patients have their core temperature decreased to the 80s, the pulmonary artery catheter is the best choice for measuring core temperature while they are still under the influence of anesthesia. | ||
| 3. | A nurse is providing care for several clients on a neurological unit of a hospital. In which of the following clients would the nurse be justified in predicting a problem with thermoregulation? | |
| A) | A 66-year-old male with damage to his thalamus secondary to a cerebral vascular accident | |
| B) | A 22-year-old male with damage to his cerebellum secondary to a motorcycle accident | |
| C) | A 68-year-old male with end-stage neurosyphilis | |
| D) | A 45-year-old female with a T8 fracture secondary to a diving accident | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The thalamus is involved in the sensation and regulation of body temperature. Syphilis, a T8 fracture, and damage to the cerebellum would unlikely manifest by difficulties with thermoregulation. | ||
| 4. | An 8-year-old boy has fallen through the ice while skating on a frozen pond. By the time paramedics arrive, the boy has been removed from the water by his friends, but his core body temperature is 31.1°C (88.0°F). The responders would recognize that which of the following physiological processes would have been active during the boy’s accident? | |
| A) | Production and release of cortisol as a heat generation process | |
| B) | Stimulation of the thyroid gland in order to increase cellular activity | |
| C) | Heat production through increased body metabolism | |
| D) | Energy generation through the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| An immediate response to low temperature is a heat-generating increase in metabolism. Cortisol is not involved in heat generation, and the thyroid is only capable of a longer-term effect on metabolic activity. Epinephrine and norepinephrine shift activity away from energy production and toward heat production. | ||
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