Chapter 10: Chronic Illness and Disability

Chapter 10: Chronic Illness and Disability

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Multiple Choice

 

 

 

 

1. An elderly patient has been admitted to your unit with a new diagnosis of osteoarthritis. The daughter who accompanied this patient asks you why the incidence of chronic disease increases with age. What would be your best response?
2. A) Biologic changes reduce the efficiency of body systems.
3. B) The older adult has less support and care from his family members, and this results in illness.
4. C) There is an increased morbidity of friends in this age group, and this leads to the older adult’s desire to also assume the “sick role.”
5. D) Normal aging increases the circulation of the heart.

 

Ans:  A

Chapter:  10

Client Needs:  D-3

Cognitive Level:  Application

Difficulty:  Moderate

Integrated Process:  Teaching/Learning

Objective:  2

Page and Header:  146, Overview of Chronicity

 

Feedback:  Causes of the increasing number of people with chronic conditions include the following: longer lifespans because of advances in technology and pharmacology, improved nutrition, safer working conditions, and greater access (for some people) to health care. Also, biologic conditions change in the aged population. These changes reduce the efficiency of the body’s systems. Option B is incorrect because older adults usually have more support and care from their family members. Option C is incorrect because assuming the “sick role” can be a desire in any age group, not just the elderly. Option D is incorrect because normal aging does not increase the circulation of the heart.

 

 

 

 

2. A patient tells the nurse that her doctor just told her that she had a “chronic condition.” She asks the nurse what “chronic condition” means. What would be the nurse’s best response?
3. A) “Chronic conditions are defined as health problems that require management of 3 months or longer.”
4. B) “Chronic conditions are diseases that come and go.”
5. C) “Chronic conditions are medical conditions that have disabilities that require hospitalization.”
6. D) “Chronic conditions require short-term management in extended-care facilities.”

 

Ans:  A

Chapter:  10

Client Needs:  D-4

Cognitive Level:  Comprehension

Difficulty:  Moderate

Integrated Process:  Teaching/Learning

Objective:  1

Page and Header:  145, Overview of Chronicity

 

Feedback:  Chronic conditions are often defined as medical conditions or health problems with associated symptoms or disabilities that require long-term management (3 months or longer). This makes option D incorrect. Option B is a correct answer, but it is not the best answer to the patient. Option C is incorrect because chronic diseases are usually managed in the home environment.

 

 

 

 

3. The nursing instructor is discussing chronic conditions and their effects on the body with her medical-surgical class. What would the nursing instructor explain to her students that a patient with diabetes is at risk for?
4. A) Arthritis
5. B) Renal failure
6. C) Cancer
7. D) Asthma

 

Ans:  B

Chapter:  10

Client Needs:  D-4

Cognitive Level:  Application

Difficulty:  Moderate

Integrated Process:  Nursing Process

Objective:  2

Page and Header:  147, Overview of Chronicity

 

Feedback:  One chronic disease can lead to the development of other chronic conditions. Diabetes, for example, can eventually lead to neurologic and vascular changes that may result in visual, cardiac, and kidney disease and erectile dysfunction. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because they are not risk factors caused by diabetes.

 

 

 

 

4. A patient scheduled for dialysis is on a fluid restriction of 1000 mL/day. The nurse sees the patient drinking a 55 mL soft drink after the patient has already reached the maximum intake of fluid for the day. The nurse has instructed the patient on the risks of fluid overload. What action should the nurse take?
5. A) Take the soft drink away from the patient and inform the dialysis nurse to remove extra fluid from the patient during their next dialysis treatment.
6. B) Document the patient’s behavior as noncompliant and notify the physician.
7. C) Restrict the patient’s fluid for the following day and communicate this information to the charge nurse.
8. D) Reinforce the importance of the fluid restriction, and document the teaching and the intake of extra fluid.

 

Ans:  D

Chapter:  10

Client Needs:  D-3

Cognitive Level:  Application

Difficulty:  Difficult

Integrated Process:  Teaching/Learning

Objective:  3

Page and Header:  145, Overview of Chronicity

 

Feedback:  Management of chronic conditions includes learning to live with symptoms or disabilities and coming to terms with identity changes resulting from having a chronic condition. It also consists of carrying out the lifestyle changes and regimens designed to control symptoms and to prevent complications. Although it may be difficult for nurses and other health care providers to stand by while patients make unwise decisions about their health, they must accept the fact that the patient has the right to make his or her own choices and decisions about lifestyle and health care.

 

 

 

 

5. A patient with terminal cancer has been admitted to hospice care. The hospice team is meeting to establish goals for this patient. What is likely to be a first priority in goal setting for the patient?
6. A) Morning care
7. B) Pain control
8. C) Clean living space
9. D) Meal preparation

 

Ans:  B

Chapter:  10

Client Needs:  D-2

Cognitive Level:  Application

Difficulty:  Easy

Integrated Process:  Nursing Process

Objective:  3

Page and Header:  151, Nursing Care of Patients with Chronic Conditions

 

Feedback:  Once the phase of illness has been identified for a specific patient, along with the specific medical problems and related social and psychological problems, the nurse helps prioritize problems and establish the goals of care. Identification of goals must be a collaborative effort, with the patient, family, and nurse working together, and the goals must be consistent with the abilities, desires, motivations, and resources of those involved. Pain control is essential for patients who have a terminal illness. If pain control is not achieved, all activities of daily living are unattainable. Options A, C, and D are not considered a first priority in goal setting for a terminal patient